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Chapter 20 Urinary System
1.
Copyright © The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 20 Lecture PowerPoint
2.
2402 Anatomy and
Physiology II Chapter 20 Susan Gossett [email_address] Department of Biology Paris Junior College
3.
Hole’s Human Anatomy
and Physiology Twelfth Edition Shier Butler Lewis Chapter 20 Urinary System Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4.
5.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Kidney Hilum Ureters Urethra Renal vein Renal artery Inferior vena cava Abdominal aorta Urinary bladder Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. © CNRI/SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc.
6.
7.
Location of the
Kidneys Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Inferior vena cava Pancreas (a) (b) Adrenal gland Kidney Adipose tissue Kidney Spleen Large intestine Small intestine Aorta Stomach Liver Parietal peritoneum Renal fascia Renal fascia Large intestine Hip bone (cut) Parietal peritoneum Twelfth rib
8.
Kidney Structure Copyright
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Renal pelvis Minor calyx Major calyx Renal papilla Renal pyramid Nephrons Renal sinus Renal medulla Renal capsule Renal cortex Ureter (a) (b) (c) Renal corpuscle Papilla Minor calyx Renal column Fat in renal sinus Collecting duct Renal medulla Renal cortex Renal tubule
9.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Inferior vena cava Renal cortex Renal pyramid Renal medulla Minor calyx Renal column Renal papilla Renal pelvis Suprarenal artery Abdominal aorta Adrenal gland Renal capsule Hilum Renal vein Suprarenal vein Ureter Renal artery
10.
11.
20.1 Clinical Application
Chronic Kidney Failure
12.
Renal Blood Vessels
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. b: © L.V. Bergman/The Bergman Collection (a) (b) Cortex Medulla Renal pelvis Ureter Afferent arteriole Cortical radiate artery and vein Arcuate vein and artery Interlobar vein and artery Renal artery Renal vein Peritubular capillary Efferent arteriole Proximal convoluted tubule Cortical radiate artery and vein Distal convoluted tubule
13.
Renal Blood Vessels
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) : Tissues and Organs: A Text-Atlas of Scanning Electron Microscopy, by R.G. Kessel and R.H. Kardon. © 1979 W.H. Freeman and Company (b) : Courtesy of R.B. Wilson MD, Eppeley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center Glomerulus (a) Renal tubules Glomerulus (b) Peritubular capillary Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Glomerular capsule
14.
The Renal Corpuscle
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Glomerulus Visceral layer of glomerular capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Parietal layer of glomerular capsule Glomerular capsule Blood flow Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Blood flow Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. © David M. Phillips/Visuals Unlimited Slit pore Pedicel Slit pore Pedicel Primary process of podocyte Primary process of podocyte
15.
Nephrons Copyright
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Glomerulus Collecting duct Nephron loop Ascending limb Descending limb Peritubular capillary Efferent arteriole Proximal convoluted tubule Renal medulla Renal cortex Cortical radiate artery Cortical radiate vein Glomerular capsule Afferent arteriole Distal convoluted tubule From renal artery To renal vein
16.
Nephrons Copyright
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Collecting ducts Epithelial cell Blood vessel Glomerulus (a) (b) Renal tubules Glomerular capsule Renal corpuscle a: © Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers, Inc ., b: © Manfred Kage/Peter Arnold
17.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Glomerulus Nephron loop Glomerulus Afferent arteriole Glomerular capsule Efferent arteriole Podocyte Macula densa (a) (b) Glomerular capsule Afferent arteriole Juxtaglomerular apparatus Distal convoluted tubule Efferent arteriole Proximal convoluted tubule Juxtaglomerular apparatus Juxtaglomerular cells Ascending limb of nephron loop Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
18.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cortical nephron Juxtamedullary nephron Collecting duct Renal medulla Renal cortex Cortical and Juxtamedullary Nephrons
19.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Glomerulus Nephron loop Collecting duct Afferent arteriole Vasa recta Peritubular capillaries Efferent arteriole Proximal convoluted tubule Glomerular capsule Cortical radiate artery and vein Distal convoluted tubule Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Renal artery Cortical radiate artery Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Cortical radiate vein Renal vein Arcuate artery Interlobar artery Glomerular capillaries Peritubular capillaries Arcuate vein Interlobar vein Blood Supply of a Nephron
20.
20.2 Clinical Application
Glomerulonephritis
21.
22.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Arteriole Venule Venule Renal tubule Tubular fluid Urine Net reabsorption Net filtration Interstitial fluid Blood flow (a) In most systemic capillaries, filtration predominates at the arteriolar end and osmotic reabsorption predominates at the venular end. Peritubular capillaries Afferent arteriole Glomerular capillaries Efferent arteriole Blood flow Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion Glomerular filtration (b) In the kidneys, the glomerular capillaries are specialized for filtration. The renal tubule is specialized to control movements of substances back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries (tubular reabsorption) or from the blood into the renal tubule (tubular secretion). Filtered fluid Urine Formation
23.
24.
Plasma, Glomerular Filtrate,
and Urine Components
25.
26.
27.
28.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Bloodstream Angiotensin I Liver Kidney Lung capillaries Angiotensin II • Increased thirst Angiotensinogen Renin Stimulation Angiotensin- converting Enzyme (ACE) Release into bloodstream • Vasoconstriction • Increased aldosterone secretion • Increased ADH secretion
29.
30.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Glomerulus (a) (b) Blood flow Blood flow Glomerulus Blood flow Afferent arteriole Glomerular capsule Glomerular filtrate Efferent arteriole Peritubular capillary Tubular reabsorption Renal tubule Renal tubule Tubular secretion Peritubular capillary Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Blood flow Glomerular capsule Glomerular filtrate
31.
Copyright © The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Peritubular capillary Glomerulus + + – – – – + + – + – + – + – + – – + + + + – – + – – + + – – 1 2 3 4 Blood flow Glomerular capsule Blood flow Glomerular filtrate Proximal convoluted tubule Sodium ions are reabsorbed by active transport Negatively charged ions are attracted to positively charged ions As concentration of ions (solute) increases in plasma, osmotic pressure increases Water moves from proximal tubule to capillary by osmosis Blood flow Isotonic tubular fluid Na + Na + PO 4 –3 N + Cl – HCO 3 – Cl – Na + H 2 O H 2 O
32.
33.
20.3 Clinical Application
The Nephrotic Syndrome
34.
35.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Blood flow Peritubular capillary Distal convoluted tubule Na + Na + Na + Na + Na + K + K + K + K + H + H + Collecting duct K + or H + Na + Na + Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion Tubular fluid Ascending limb of nephron loop Na + Na + Na + Na + Na + Na +
36.
37.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Collecting duct Dilute urine Concentrated urine Collecting duct H 2 O H 2 O (a) (b) Medullary interstitial fluid Distal convoluted tubule Hypertonic interstitial fluid Hypertonic interstitial fluid high ADH levels low ADH levels H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O Medullary interstitial fluid
38.
39.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Isotonic fluid Hypotonic fluid Na + Cl – (a) (b) Na + Cl – Salty H 2 O 1 2 3 Descending limb (permeable to water) Increasing NaCl concentration Thick ascending limb (impermeable to water) Hypertonic fluid Medullary interstitial fluid More salty Even more salty Na + Cl – H 2 O Na + Cl – H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O Na + Cl – Na + Cl –
40.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. NaCl NaCl NaCl NaCl NaCl NaCl NaCl NaCl Blood flow Increasing NaCl concentration Blood flow Medullary interstitial fluid Vasa recta
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Mucous coat Lumen Muscular coat Fibrous coat Adipose tissue © Per H. Kjeldsen
48.
49.
Symphysis pubis Prostate
gland Urinary bladder Urethra Ureter Rectum Parietal peritoneum Abdominal wall Rectum (a) (b) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
50.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) (b) Mucous coat T rigone Internal urethral sphincter Neck Prostate gland Urethra Serous coat Urinary bladder Ureter Ureter Prostate gland Urethra Region of external urethral sphincter Seminal vesicle Ductus (vas) deferens Detrusor muscle Submucous coat Openings of the ureters
51.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Muscular coat Mucous coat Lumen Submucous coat © John D. Cunningham/Visuals Unlimited
52.
T rigone Ureter
Penis (b) Urethra Ureter (a) Urinary bladder External urethral orifice Urinary bladder Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland Membranous urethra Prostatic urethra Penile urethra External urethral orifice Trigone Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
53.
54.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Urethral glands Muscle layer Lumen of urethra Mucous membrane © Ed Reschke
55.
56.
Micturition
57.
20.4 Clinical Application
Urinalysis: Clues to Health
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
Quiz 20 Complete
Quiz 20 now! Read Chapter 21.
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