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©3G4G
TechKnowledge
Technology Stories
Series 1
Part 3: Satellites - Our
Friends In the Sky…
By Zahid Ghadialy,
Principal Analyst and Consultant, 3G4G
Research assistant: Zakariya (Zak) Ghadialy,
Student / Intern
TechKnowledge
Technology Stories
©3G4G
GEO
(35786 Km)
GEO = Geostationary/Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
©3G4G
GEO
(35786 Km)
MEO
(7000 - 25000 Km)
GEO = Geostationary/Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
MEO = Medium Earth Orbit
©3G4G
GEO
(35786 Km)
MEO
(7000 - 25000 Km)
LEO
(300 - 1500 Km)
GEO = Geostationary/Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
MEO = Medium Earth Orbit
LEO = Low Earth Orbit
Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks
©3G4G
Satellites
• GEO – 35,786 km
• MEO – 7,000 to 25,000 km
• LEO – 300 to 1,500 km
UAS
• UAS Range – 8 to 50 km
• Typically, 18 to 27 km
• HAPS – 20 km
Aircraft
• Typically, 9 to 11.5 km
Terrestrial Networks
© 3G4G
UAS = Unmanned Aircraft System
HAPS = High-Altitude Platform Station
Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) or Direct-to-Home (DTH)
©3G4G
Source: Eutelsat
©3G4G
Source: The Free Dictionary by Farlex
©3G4G
Source: Stuart Pearson on Twitter
©3G4G
Google Map & Google Satellite
©3G4G
©3G4G
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
©3G4G
Source: SpaceNews
GNSS Applications and Services
©3G4G
Location Based
Services
Navigation Precision
Farming
Real-time
Tracking
Autonomous
Driving
Fleet
Management
Aviation
Applications
Maritime
Applications
Military
Applications
Timing &
Synchronization
Search &
Rescue
©3G4G
Source: Gilat
©3G4G
Space
Air
Ground
V2X
IoT Devices
V2X
Core Network
Apps/Internet App Platforms
Wi-Fi 6/6E/7
UAV
LTE/LTE-A
Apps/MEC
5G-A
HAPS
Earth
Station
6G
MEO
LEO
Multi-Beam Tx
Aircraft
GEO Not to scale
20-30 km
150-300m
300-1500 km
7000-25000 km
35786 km
©3G4G
ESA: Algal bloom off Ireland
ESA: Two salty lakes in East Africa
©3G4G
Source: ESA - The power of Earth observation
References and Further Reading
©3G4G
• Via Satellite: GEO, MEO, and LEO (link)
• Space.com: What is a geosynchronous orbit? (link)
• Eutelsat: What are TV Distribution models? (link)
• The Free Dictionary by Farlex: Direct broadcasting satellite systems (link)
• LinkedIn - GNSS constellations: differences, what have in common and vulnerabilities ? (link)
• SpaceNews: Modern civilization would be lost without GPS (link)
• Feedough - Google Maps vs. Waze: A Detailed Comparison (link)
• Tualcom: GNSS Application Areas (link)
• Geographic Book: GNSS Applications (link)
• Satellite Applications Catapult on YouTube: Satellite Applications and Intelligent Transport (link)
• ESA: Top 10 Earth observation stories of 2023 (link)
• The 3G4G Blog: 3GPP 5G Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Standardization Update (link)
• ESA: CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023 (link)
• ESA: The power of Earth observation Video (link)
Thank You
To learn more, visit:
3G4G Website – https://www.3g4g.co.uk/
3G4G Blog – https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/
Telecoms Infrastructure Blog – https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/
Operator Watch Blog – https://www.operatorwatch.com/
Connectivity Technology Blog – https://www.connectivity.technology/
Free 5G Training – https://www.free5gtraining.com/
Free 6G Training – https://www.free6gtraining.com/
Private Networks – https://www.privatenetworks.technology/
Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/3g4gUK
Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3g4gUK/
Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/3g4g
Follow us on SlideShare: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
©3G4G
TechKnowledge
Technology Stories

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TechKnowledge Technology Stories - Part 3: Satellites - Our Friends In The Sky….pdf

  • 3. Series 1 Part 3: Satellites - Our Friends In the Sky…
  • 4. By Zahid Ghadialy, Principal Analyst and Consultant, 3G4G Research assistant: Zakariya (Zak) Ghadialy, Student / Intern
  • 6. ©3G4G GEO (35786 Km) GEO = Geostationary/Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
  • 7. ©3G4G GEO (35786 Km) MEO (7000 - 25000 Km) GEO = Geostationary/Geosynchronous Earth Orbit MEO = Medium Earth Orbit
  • 8. ©3G4G GEO (35786 Km) MEO (7000 - 25000 Km) LEO (300 - 1500 Km) GEO = Geostationary/Geosynchronous Earth Orbit MEO = Medium Earth Orbit LEO = Low Earth Orbit
  • 9. Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks ©3G4G Satellites • GEO – 35,786 km • MEO – 7,000 to 25,000 km • LEO – 300 to 1,500 km UAS • UAS Range – 8 to 50 km • Typically, 18 to 27 km • HAPS – 20 km Aircraft • Typically, 9 to 11.5 km Terrestrial Networks © 3G4G UAS = Unmanned Aircraft System HAPS = High-Altitude Platform Station
  • 10. Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) or Direct-to-Home (DTH) ©3G4G Source: Eutelsat
  • 11. ©3G4G Source: The Free Dictionary by Farlex
  • 13. ©3G4G Google Map & Google Satellite
  • 16. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) ©3G4G Source: SpaceNews
  • 17. GNSS Applications and Services ©3G4G Location Based Services Navigation Precision Farming Real-time Tracking Autonomous Driving Fleet Management Aviation Applications Maritime Applications Military Applications Timing & Synchronization Search & Rescue
  • 19. ©3G4G Space Air Ground V2X IoT Devices V2X Core Network Apps/Internet App Platforms Wi-Fi 6/6E/7 UAV LTE/LTE-A Apps/MEC 5G-A HAPS Earth Station 6G MEO LEO Multi-Beam Tx Aircraft GEO Not to scale 20-30 km 150-300m 300-1500 km 7000-25000 km 35786 km
  • 20. ©3G4G ESA: Algal bloom off Ireland ESA: Two salty lakes in East Africa
  • 21. ©3G4G Source: ESA - The power of Earth observation
  • 22. References and Further Reading ©3G4G • Via Satellite: GEO, MEO, and LEO (link) • Space.com: What is a geosynchronous orbit? (link) • Eutelsat: What are TV Distribution models? (link) • The Free Dictionary by Farlex: Direct broadcasting satellite systems (link) • LinkedIn - GNSS constellations: differences, what have in common and vulnerabilities ? (link) • SpaceNews: Modern civilization would be lost without GPS (link) • Feedough - Google Maps vs. Waze: A Detailed Comparison (link) • Tualcom: GNSS Application Areas (link) • Geographic Book: GNSS Applications (link) • Satellite Applications Catapult on YouTube: Satellite Applications and Intelligent Transport (link) • ESA: Top 10 Earth observation stories of 2023 (link) • The 3G4G Blog: 3GPP 5G Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Standardization Update (link) • ESA: CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023 (link) • ESA: The power of Earth observation Video (link)
  • 23. Thank You To learn more, visit: 3G4G Website – https://www.3g4g.co.uk/ 3G4G Blog – https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/ Telecoms Infrastructure Blog – https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/ Operator Watch Blog – https://www.operatorwatch.com/ Connectivity Technology Blog – https://www.connectivity.technology/ Free 5G Training – https://www.free5gtraining.com/ Free 6G Training – https://www.free6gtraining.com/ Private Networks – https://www.privatenetworks.technology/ Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/3g4gUK Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3g4gUK/ Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/3g4g Follow us on SlideShare: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G ©3G4G