Short note about ANS autonomic nervous system

1. Autonomic Nervous System
- -------
□ is the part of the peripheral nervous system
responsible for regulating involuntary body
functions, such as blood
flow, heartbeat, digestion and breathing.
□ further divided into two branches:
c sympathetic system regulates the flight-or-
fight responses
c parasympathetic system helps maintain
normal body functions and conserves physical
resources.

2. 111---------------~-------
□ The autonomic nervous system has two:
c sympathetic nervous system
c parasympathetic nervous system

3. Sympathetic Nervous System
- -----------------
□ The sympathetic nervous system is located to
the sympathetic chain, which connects to
skin, blood vessels and organs in the body
cavity. The sympathetic chain is located on
both sides of the spine and consists of
ganglias.

4. □ stimulates heartbeat
. c raises blood pressure·
- - - - - - - ~ - -
□ dilates the pupils
□ dilates the trachea and bronchi
□ stimulates glycogenolysis - the conversion of
liver glycogen into glucose
□ shunts blood away from the skin and viscera to
the skeletal muscles, brain, and heart
□ inhibits peristalsis in the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract
□ inhibits contraction of the bladder and rectum
□ and, at least in rats and mice, increases the
number of AMPA receptors in the hippocampus
and thus increases long-term potentiation

5. ~ aras_1mpathetic Nervous _System
_
□ he Parasympathetic system is the branch of
the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
responsible for the body's ability to recuperate
and return to a balanced state (known as
"homeostasis") after experiencing pain
or stress.

6. □ Parasympathetic stimulation causes:
- -~~-~~
□ slowing down of the heartbeat (as Loewi
demonstrated)
□ lowering of blood pressure
□ constriction of the pupils
□ increased blood flow to the skin and viscera
□ peristalsis of the GI tract

7. Table 8-5 •1
1
):tiit•):fi•
)IiIiti·ii•):t•)§it◄:iii't·t'fli1ii@a
Organ
Heart (cardiac muscle)
Bronchioles (smooth muscle)
Iris (smooth muscle)
Salivary glands
Stomach and intestines (smooth muscle)
Stomach and intestines (glands)
Internal anal sphincter
Urinary bladder (smooth muscle)
Internal urethral sphincter
Liver
Pancreas
Sweat glands
Blood vessels in skin and viscera
(smooth muscle)
Blood vessels in skeletal muscle
(smooth muscle)
Adrenal glands
Sympathetic Response
• Increase rate
• Dilate
• Pupil dilates
• Decrease secretion
• Decrease peristalsis
• Decrease secretion
• Contracts to prevent defecation
• Relaxes to prevent urination
• Contracts to prevent urination
• Changes glycogen to glucose
• Secretes glucagon
• Increase secretion
• Constrict
• Dilate
• Increase secretion of epineph-
rine and norepinephrine
Parasympathetic Response
• Decrease rate (to normal)
• Constrict (to normal)
• Pupil constricts (to normal)
• Increase secretion (to normal)
• Increase peristalsis for normal digestion
• Increase secretion for normal digestion
• Relaxes to permit defecation
• Contracts for normal urination
• Relaxes to permit urination
• None
• Secretes insulin and digestive enzymes
• None
• None
• None
• None

8. •
Peresym11M1ll12Uc
St1111•a.tes
flev of sali
Me ullt eblongat
Slova
lllnrtbeal
Cemtrlcts
lwencllll
sti•ulales
perblalsls
... aecrellen ~~F::=====1
stllll•lales
release of bile
Cenlracts
Madder
v.,••
nerve
Symp...elk
Dilates
P•PII
Al:celerales
1
llleartllleal
Dia.tea
lwencM
s.,.,
-----~ """"'i- plexus
Inhibits
perlstal8is
and aecretlen
C hain ef
sya,-llllelic
.......
----
Conversion
et glycegen
I• olucese
- " Secretien et
•••naline ..d
'----~~~ neradrenaline
Inhibits
,, Matlder
conlractlen