6. 7
Nature: Milestones in DNA
1977
DNA sequencing
1990
BLAST
2002
UCSC Genome browser
2004
Ensembl
Figure from http://www.nature.com/milestones/miledna/timeline.html
7. 8
The Trend of NGS
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS. VOL 11. NO 5. 484 ^ 498
11. 12
NHGRI’s New Sequencing Projects
• Genome Sequencing
– Near $85 million in the first year
• Mendelian Disorders
– $12 million per year
• Clinical Exploration
– $10.3 million per year
• Informatics Tools
– $20 million for four years
12
http://www.genome.gov/27546261
12. 13
The Trend of NGS
ivory.idyll.org/permanent/lstein-ngs-capacity.png
16. 17
Biomedical Institutes hug cloud
computing
• J. Craig Venter Institute released JCVI
CLOUD BIO-LINUX
• IBM eX5 Improves Next Generation
Sequencing for Sanger Institute
• ISB made Trans-Proteomic Pipeline
(TPP) on clouds.
34. 38
IaaS
Infrastructure as a Service
PaaS
Platform as a Service
SaaS
Software as a Service
Cloud Service Models for Scientists
www.spoutingshite.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/saas_and_cloud_computing.ppt
40. Service science and cloud
computing
• HPC on cloud computing of NGS
• Data Transfer Bottlenecks
• Streaming Computing
• Cost of Cloud Storage
• Community Cloud Developing
• App. Exchange of bioinformatics
44