You’ve tried and tried to convince people of your position. You’ve laid out your logical arguments on impressive PowerPoint slides—but you are still not able to sway them. Cognitive scientists understand that the approach you are taking is rarely successful. Often you must speak to others’ subconscious motivators rather than their rational, analytic side. Linda Rising shares influence strategies that you can use to more effectively convince others to see things your way. These strategies take advantage of a number of hardwired traits: “liking”—we like people who are like us; “reciprocity”—we repay in kind; “social proof”—we follow the lead of others similar to us; “consistency”—we align ourselves with our previous commitments; “authority”—we defer to authority figures; and “scarcity”—we want more of something when there is less to be had. Learn how to build on these traits as a way of bringing others to your side. Use this valuable toolkit in addition to the logical left-brain techniques on which we depend.
2. Disclaimer: This provocative presentation is ideally the
beginning of a conversation. It won't take long for me
to tell you everything I know about cognitive
psychology, although I have been reading in the area
for several years now. I'm an amateur who has
sufficient interest in weird topics and a strange way of
connecting ideas that might or might not be of interest
to you. Thank you for your tolerance and understanding
of my meanderings and I hope you learn a little that
might help you in your life.
This is not an “academic” presentation, but those
interested in more information are invited to ask me for
references for any part of this talk and I will be happy
to make them available.
3. Persuasion
Psychological dynamics to change people
in ways they wouldn’t if left alone.
Manipulation, brainwashing, … have a
very different intent.
Persuasion strategies are tools that can be
used for any purpose.
There are always ethical considerations.
4. Who needs it?
You’re smart
To convince others, all you have to do is
lay out the facts
If others are smart, they’ll figure it out!
This underhanded “marketing” is, well,
underhanded, and only for people who
have to sell stuff!
5. Influence doesn’t work on me!
I’m smart
Therefore, I’m a rational decision maker
I am not swayed by hype
It’s important to be aware of them because
others will undoubtedly use them on us. Some of
them are so fundamental to how humans
interact, odds are we’ve used them without even
being aware of it.
Watch out for neuromarketing!
6. Research shows us as we are!
Control group in all experiments
Two groups reading the same paper
Free cable TV
10. Cialdini’s Six Strategies
Liking: We like attractive people and those who are
like us
Reciprocity: We repay in kind
Social proof: We follow the lead of similar or
superior others
Commitment/Consistency: We align with previous
commitments
Authority: We defer to authority or expertise
Scarcity/Exclusivity: We want more when access is
restricted—enhanced by exclusivity
11. 1- Liking: We like attractive
people and those who are like us
Attractive often equals height—
experiments with college lecturers
Judicial system, elections, hiring/raises
We like familiar things – names of
products, easier typeface
12. What can you do?
In pairs or triads think of some things you
can do on Monday morning to use
“Liking”
13. 2-Reciprocity: We repay in kind
Christmas cards to strangers
LBJ & Carter
Charities, supermarkets
Hare Krishna
14. Free stuff!
We love “free” stuff!
Humor is a gift – homeless man selling paper
with “free delivery.”
Amazon free shipping – except in France
In one study, 40% of participants bought a
cupcake + 2 cookies for 75 cents, but 73%
bought the cupcake for 75 cents when the 2
cookies were added for “free.”
15. What can you do?
In pairs or triads think of some things you
can do on Monday morning to use
“Reciprocity”
16. 3-Social proof: We follow the
lead of similar or superior others
Canned laughter, fancy dinner party
Energy use study: (1) environment, (2)
socially responsible, (3) saved money, (4)
neighbors were doing it
Shills, street corner joke
18. What can you do?
In pairs or triads think of some things you
can do on Monday morning to use
“Social Proof”
19. 4-Commitment/Consistency: We
align with previous commitments
After placing bet, after voting, after buying
lottery ticket, after making any kind of
decision (especially public), we are more
certain that it was right
Experiment with energy conservation --
providing information, asking for a change in
habits didn’t work but asking for permission to
“publish names” – even greater effect when no
names were published!
20. What can you do?
In pairs or triads think of some things you
can do on Monday morning to use
“Commitment or Consistency”
21. 5-Authority: We defer to
authority or expertise
Stanley Milgram’s grisly experiments
Nurse’s drug story
22. What can you do?
In pairs or triads think of some things you
can do on Monday morning to use
“Authority”
23. 6-Scarcity/Exclusivity: We want
more when access is restricted—
enhanced by exclusivity, cost
18th century French reformer,
economist, and statesman Turgot
Banned material
Jury told to disregard information
Wine and beer lovers are easily fooled
24. What can you do?
In pairs or triads think of some things you
can do on Monday morning to use
“Scarcity”
25. The real problem?
Information overload!
John Stuart Mills d. 1873, the last person
to know everything
Most information less than 15 years old
Some scientific information doubles
every 3 years
No one can know enough to make all
decisions intelligently
26. Short cuts work!
Influence strategies are short-cuts
Most of the time these are good things,
that’s why we have evolved to use them.
We don’t have time to deliberate every
decision
Don’t beat yourself up or drive yourself
crazy! Just be reasonably cautious !
27. The last word
It’s to our benefit to understand and use
these strategies to influence others and
protect ourselves.
Experts have said that knowledge
doesn’t improve our lot, that is, knowing
the biases doesn't protect us. Chill out.
Take 10—it seems to help.
Good luck! Thanks for your attention!