1. ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1‫ﺹ‬165-200
http://www.alazhar.edu.ps/arabic/Deanships/Higher_Edu/Higher_Education.htm
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ‬‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
)‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬(
Jenin Governorate,bad Area'Charcoal Industry in Ya
‫ﻏﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ح‬-
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬2/2/2009‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬5/1/2010
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬:‫ﺘﺘﻀ‬‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺍﺠﻪ‬ ،‫ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬
،‫ﻝﻠﺤﻭﺍﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻏﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﻗل‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬.‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﺎﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻋﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺸﺘﻤﻠﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻪ‬ ،‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺃﺱ‬ ،‫ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎل‬،‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭﻯ‬
Abstract: This study includes
description and analysis of
charcoal industry in Ya’bad area
near the city of Jenin northern the
West Bank, Palestine. This
industry faces many obstacles,
mainly the frequent closure of
Israeli roadblocks. The study
aimed at studying the economical
profitability of charcoal industry in
the area. The study was based
mainly on field work. All charcoal
industrial sites were visited and
allocated on maps, and a
questionnaire was designed and
distributed at a selected sample of
owners of this industry using the
stratified random sampling
approach. The study aimed at
recognizing the elements of this
industry, factors affecting selection
of the industrial site, its
development, production and
productivity, the crude materials
and their sources, the capital, the
economic benefits, labor, and

2. ‫ﻏﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬---------------------------------------------
)166(--------‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ‬ ،‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﻝﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻲ‬.
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬:
1-‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬
5740387‫ﺒﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭﺍ‬76538‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭﺍ‬‫ﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬.
2-‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬15514‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬
1.46‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻜل‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻭﺭ‬8.92‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬.
3-‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬148‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻁﻨ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺕ‬ ،‫ﺴﻨﻭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬20-400
‫ﺴﻨ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻁﻨ‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻠﻎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬1217075.83،‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬
16227.68‫ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬1352.31‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬.
4-‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻏﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺯل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺤﻭﺍﺠﺯ‬‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ،‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬1948‫ﻫﺎﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻸﺨﺸﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻔﺤﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬.
production marketing.
The main findings of the study
were:
The total value of yearly
production was 5740387 Jordan
Diners (JD), and the average
production value for one site was
76538 JD.
The average production value for
one worker in this industry was
15514 JD, and the capital
production was 1.46 JD, while the
average of wage productivity was
8.92 JD.
The average productivity of one
industrial site was 148 tons a year
of charcoal, and this productivity
varied from one site to another
between 20-400 tons, because size
of sites is not the same. The net
annual profit of producing charcoal
is JD 1217075.83 with an annual
average of 16227.68 JD for one
site, and a monthly average of
1352.31 JD.
The frequent closure of Israeli
roadblocks and the erection of the
Israeli segregation wall affected
very much the Charcoal industry in
Ya'bab area, because this industry
depends very much on the wood
imported from the Occupied
Palestine 1948.
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻼﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻫﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬.

3. --------------------------‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1----------)167(
‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻡ‬:‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻐﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻡ‬.)1(
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﻔﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺼل‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭﺘﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬)2(
.
‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﺎﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل‬1(‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻋﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺸﺘﻤﻠﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬
،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺃﺱ‬ ،‫ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭﻯ‬‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ‬10%‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬:‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻤﺕ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺔ‬1988‫ﺍﻻﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬16.6%‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻼل‬)3
(.‫ﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻫﺭ‬
1
-،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬)1999(،‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬ ،:‫ﺍﻝﻘـﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬
،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ‬‫ﺹ‬202.
2
-‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﻲ‬ ،‫ﻋﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬،)1997(،‫ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‬ ،:‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓـﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺹ‬ ،339.
3
‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬72‫ﻨﻴﺴﺎﻥ‬ ،-،‫ﺍﻴﺎﺭ‬1988.‫ﺹ‬19-142.

4. ‫ﻏﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬---------------------------------------------
)168(--------‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬1982‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻠﺘﻴﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻐﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼل‬)1
(.‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬1981‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬‫ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬،‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﺴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬)2(
.‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﺒﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬1993‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘل‬ ‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬1960‫ﻭﻴﻐﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬)3(
.‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬1997‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬8%
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬)4
(.‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬2002‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬)5
(.‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﻝﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻝﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺜﺭﻫﻤﺎ‬2004،‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ‬95%‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬90%‫ﺘﻭﻅﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻗل‬)6(
.‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻝﺅﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
1
،‫ﻁﺎﻫﺭ‬ ،‫ﺤﺭﺩﺍﻥ‬‫ﻭﺴﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻠﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺒل‬،)‫ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬(،‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ،1982.
2
،‫ﺒﻜﺭ‬ ،‫ﻜﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻭ‬‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ،33،‫ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‬ ،1981.
3
،‫ﺼﺒﺭﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻁﻪ‬‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬،)‫ﻤﻨـﺸﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‬(‫ﺍﻻﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬ ،،‫ﻨﻴـﺔ‬
،‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬1993.
4
،‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﻨﺼﺭ‬‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺹ‬‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝـﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﺤـﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬـﺩ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬)‫ﻤﺎﺱ‬(،‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ‬ ،1997.
5
،‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﻨﺼﺭ‬‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﺤﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬)‫ﻤﺎﺱ‬(‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ‬ ،،‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﻡ‬2002.
6
،‫ﻨﺼﺭ‬ ،‫ﻋﻁﻴﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﻜﺤﻭل‬‫ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠـﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﻝﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﺤﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ،)‫ﻤﺎﺱ‬(،‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ‬ ،2004.

5. --------------------------‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1----------)169(
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻓﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﺎﻡ‬2005،‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬،‫ﺍﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬)1
(.
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻤﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻼل‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻲ‬
1
،‫ﻝﺅﻱ‬ ،‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺝ‬‫ﺍﻝﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻓﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬،)‫ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬(،‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ،2005.

6. ‫ﻏﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬---------------------------------------------
)170(--------‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1
‫ﺍﻹﺤﻼل‬ ‫ﻅل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬.‫ﻤﻐﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬.‫ﺃﺠﻤﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻤل‬،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬،
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺼﻌﺏ‬،‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺫﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺠﺫﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)1(
،‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻘ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻡ‬‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺃ‬.‫ﺍﻝﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬:‫ﻫﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬،‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬-‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﻨﻭﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺒﻁ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ‬
1948،‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺼﻠﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ‬‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬)2(‫ﺘﻭﻀﺢ‬‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ‬‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬.
‫ﺏ‬.‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬:‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬‫ﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺸﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺒﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻜﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺵ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ‬،‫ﻝﻌﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺨﺸﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬،‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻐﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﺸﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻯ‬.
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺜﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬10267‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺩﻭﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﻼل‬
‫ﻴﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻏﺼﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺌﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﺼﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻊ‬
1
-‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﻫﺏ‬،)1996(،‫ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻤﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬"‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘـﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺱ‬"،‫ﻁ‬1،
‫ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬.‫ﺹ‬ ،155.

7. --------------------------‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1----------)171(
‫ﺏ‬5%‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.

8. ‫ﻏﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬---------------------------------------------
)172(--------‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1
‫ﺝ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻴﺩﻱ‬:‫ﺍﻝﺫﻜﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻴﺩﻱ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻤ‬‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝ‬‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬،‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬.
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬15-64
‫ﻝﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬‫ﻠﻎ‬53.7%‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬،‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺭﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬،‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬.
‫ﻋﻘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻏﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻁﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻔﺎﻀﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬‫ﺫ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬2006‫ﺍﻥ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬2000‫ﻫﻭ‬16.66‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻝﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬20
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻗﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬2006‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬11.42
‫ﻝﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻌﻤﺎل‬13.75‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻗﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬)1(
،‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻘﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬،
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬100%‫ﻴﻨﺘﻘﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻴﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻷﻗﺩﺍﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬،‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﻥ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬.‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬:
1
-،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬)2006.(

9. --------------------------‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1----------)173(
1(‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬:‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬16.7%‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬،‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼﻝﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻐﻠﺔ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬،
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬.‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬3‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻨﻤﺎﺕ‬600
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬.)1(
2(‫ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬:‫ﻗﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬،‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬11.1%،
‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻜل‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬16.1%‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)2(
.
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻠﻌﺏ‬
‫ﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ‬،‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻝﺸﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻻﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻔﺎﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻓﻘﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬،‫ﻭﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝﺌﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ‬.
3(‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬:‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬،‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬5.6%،‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬،‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬1948‫ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻀﺎﺌﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘل‬،‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬)2.(
1
-‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬،‫ﻴﺔ‬)2006.(
2
-،‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬ ،‫ﻏﺎﻨﻡ‬)1997(،‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬–‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬،)‫ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬(‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ،:‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬34.

10. ‫ﻏﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬---------------------------------------------
)174(--------‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1
4(‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬:‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
27.8%‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬15%)1(
،‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬،‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬-‫ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬-
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺤﺎﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻗل‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻨﺎﺠﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺎﻝﻎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬67.9%‫ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬)2(
،‫ﺃﺴﻔل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬.
5(‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬:‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﻌﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬،‫ﺍﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬.
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻨﻌﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬،‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬.‫ﻤﻔﺎﺤﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬.‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﻜﻠﺕ‬38.9%‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬،‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬،‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬85.7%‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﻝﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬50%‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺎﺤﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﻝﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬
1
-،‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬ ،‫ﻏﺎﻨﻡ‬)1997(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،35.
2
-‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬35.

11. --------------------------‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1----------)175(
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬.
4.‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺘﻬﺭﺕ‬‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻤﺘﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻐﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺴﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺘﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻫﻡ‬‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺒﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ،‫ﻝﻠﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻭﻗﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬،‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻔﺕ‬
‫ﻗﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻅﻔﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﺤﺭﺍﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬)1(
،‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻅﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻀﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻋﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻌل‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﻴﻥ‬)2(
:-
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬:‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺸﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬1948‫ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬.
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬:‫ﺒﺩﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻤﺤل‬،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﻻﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﺠﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﺭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺠﺩﺍﺩ‬،‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺭﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬38.8%‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬22.2%‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬‫ﺍﻝﺭﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬،
1
-،‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻜﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬)2001(،‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻔـﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬،‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬:‫ﺭﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬-‫ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬ ،1
2
-‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬1

12. ‫ﻏﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬---------------------------------------------
)176(--------‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1
‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬11%‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬،‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬28%‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬.
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﺯﻉ‬:‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻝﺒﻠﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬‫ﻌﺒﺩ‬(،‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬،‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬.‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻁﻲ‬،‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻜل‬)3(‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬.‫ﻝﻠﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬،‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬.
1-‫ﻤ‬‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﺒﻠﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺘﻠﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
61%‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬،‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬54.5%
‫ﺯﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﺭ‬‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬36.4%‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤل‬،‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬9%‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬،‫ﺘﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ‬،‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺯ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬،‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺘﺠﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬48.3%‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬.
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻀﻴﻕ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻗﻠﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ‬.

13. --------------------------‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1----------)177(
2-‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻤﺘﻠﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬28%‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬

14. ‫ﻏﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬---------------------------------------------
)178(--------‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬40%‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻁﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬،‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬20%‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻜل‬،‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻡ‬‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل‬ ‫ﺭﻏﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻤﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬،
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬،‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺘﺠﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬33.3%‫ﻤﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬.
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻪ‬،
‫ﺍﻝﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬‫ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬،‫ﻴﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻌﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻭ‬.
3-‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬،‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻗل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻤﺘﻠﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬11%‫ﺍﻏﻠﺒﻬ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬،‫ﻫﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬50%،‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬،‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻨﺘﺠﺕ‬18.35%‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬.
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻀﻰ‬،‫ﻝﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺭﻏﺒﺔ‬
1-‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻀﻰ‬:‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬39%‫ﺭﺍﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺅﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻁﻠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬،‫ﺍﺒﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬61%‫ﺭﺍﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﻬﻡ‬،‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل‬)1(‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻀ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒـﺎﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻨﺎ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋـﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬،‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻝﺩﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻨﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻼﺤﻅ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬100%‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻀﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻡ‬،‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬،
‫ﻝﻠﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺯﻋﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬،‫ﻓﺭﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻌﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻁﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬.

15. --------------------------‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1----------)179(
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)1(:‫ﻤﻔﺎﺤﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺤﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺤﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬36.4%63.6%
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬100%0%
‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬100%0%
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬،2006
‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺭ‬63.6%،
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬36.4%،‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻀﺭﺴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻜﺘﻅﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺍﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺴﻜﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻘﺭﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺒﺭﺭﻭﻥ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻫﻡ‬.
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻀﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﻡ؛‬،‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬.
2-‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻏﺒﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺎﻭﺕ‬50%‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻏﺒﻭﻥ‬،‫ﻭ‬50%
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻏﺒﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬.
‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻏﺒﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬72.7%،‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬
27.3%‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﻡ؛‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻏﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻏﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻋﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬.
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬100%،
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬،‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺘﺴﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﻭﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻭﺍﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬.‫ﺒﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻏﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻏﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻏﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺭﺍﻏﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﻡ‬50%‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻜل‬.

16. ‫ﻏﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬---------------------------------------------
)180(--------‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1
3-‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬:‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل‬)2(‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻠﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬،‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻅﻘﺔ‬‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬.
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)2(:‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬81.8%60.0%100%77.8%
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬18.2%40.0%0.0%22.2%
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬100%100%100%100%
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬،2006.
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤﺘﻌﺎﻜﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬،‫ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻘل‬،‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬،‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﻴﺘﺭﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺒﺎﺭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﻡ‬،‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬،‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
4-‫ﻝﻠﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬:‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬78.6%‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻸﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬21.4%‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬)3(‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬‫ﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬)3(‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼﻝﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻴﻬﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﻁﺎﻥ‬(‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻪ‬100%‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،
‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬‫ل‬.
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬،
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ‬،‫ﻭ‬‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬

17. --------------------------‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1----------)181(
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬33.3%،‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻜل‬.‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﻝﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬،‫ﻝﻌﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﻠﻙ‬.
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)3:(‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬2006
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻬل‬‫ﺯﺒﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﻁﺎﻥ‬0.0%100%0%
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺔ‬33.3%0.0%0%
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ‬33.3%0.0%0%
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬33.3%0.0%0%
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬100%100%0%
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬،2006.
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬5740387‫ﺴﻨﻭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺩل‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬76538‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﻝﻺﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬:-
1-‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎل‬،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬،‫ﻭﺒﻠﻐ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬15514‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬13214‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻝﻭﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬3642‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬5066‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬6547‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬)1(
.
2-‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬1.46‫ﺃﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬1.46‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺴﻨﻭﻴﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
1
-،‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬ ،‫ﻏﺎﻨﻡ‬)1997(‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‬ ،87.

18. ‫ﻏﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬---------------------------------------------
)182(--------‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1
‫ﻤﺤﺎ‬‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻅﺔ‬1.2‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬1.03‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻗل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻜﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻴﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﻏل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺔ‬،‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬3.44‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﻭ‬3.47‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬)1(
.
3-‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬‫ﺍﻷﺠﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬8.92‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﻜل‬‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺠﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬8.92‫ﺩﻨﺎﻨﻴﺭ‬)2(
،‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬4.6‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻗل‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺎﻝﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬31.9‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺎﻝﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬18.5‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺎﻝﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬12.5‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬،‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﻝﻠﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬‫ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻑ‬.
‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻝﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﻀﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﺒﺯ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬2.4‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬2.2‫ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻴﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬1.2
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬)3(
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫؛‬،‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
4-‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬:‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
10.592‫ﺃﺭﺩﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻗل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬11091‫ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﻭ‬15967‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬)‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬10‫ﻋﻤﺎل‬(،‫ﻭ‬12622‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)4(
،‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬
1
-‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬87.
2
-،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬)2006.(
3
-،‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬ ،‫ﻏﺎﻨﻡ‬)1997(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،88.
4
-‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬89.

19. --------------------------‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1----------)183(
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻀﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬100%،‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻨﺎﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬،‫ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻝﺠﺭﺍﺭ‬(‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺌﺠﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬.
5-‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬‫ﻡ‬:‫ﺩﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬،‫ﻁﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺴﺎﻗﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬‫ﻤﻁﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺍﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻨﻴﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬185‫ﻴﻌﺎﺩل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬8‫ﺃﺸﻬﺭ‬،‫ﺘﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬120-250‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬5-10‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻬﺭ‬،‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻝﻺﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬148‫ﺍﻝﻜﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻥ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺔ‬20-400‫ﹸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻁﻨ‬
‫ﺴﻨﻭﻴﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻠﻎ‬135‫ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺌﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻨﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻁﻨ‬13‫ﹸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻁﻨ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻨﻭﻴ‬)1(
.
6-‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬:‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ‬،‫ﺒﺄﻋﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻝﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻭﻀـﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬،‫ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻐﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺤـﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬،‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل‬)4(‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻜل‬)4(‫ﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺩل‬1999-
2006
‫ﺭﻗـﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)4(‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨـﻼل‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﻤـﻥ‬
1999-2006
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻝﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻥ‬
1999207
2000175
2001167
2002154
2003141
2004137
2005129
2006148
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬،2006.
1
-،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬)2006.(

20. ‫ﻏﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬---------------------------------------------
)184(--------‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬2010‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ،12‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،1
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬)1(‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻴﻥ‬1999-2006
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬،2006.
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬)1(‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
1999،‫ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻔﺎﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻏﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻗﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺯل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬2006‫ﺒﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬14.5%‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ‬.
7-‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬:‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻡ‬،‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬88.9%‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ‬،‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
85.5%‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)1(
.‫ﻭﺘﺘﻌﺩﺩ‬‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺎﻝﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬ ،.
1
-،‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬ ،‫ﻏﺎﻨﻡ‬)1997(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،102.