Table of alkaloids
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This table contains the chemical structure, chemical class, main uses and chemical test for most important alkaloids in nature
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Table of alkaloids
- 1. Alkaloid Chemical Class Occurrence Uses Chemical test Ephedrine Phenyl alkylamine Ephedra sinica F. Ephedraceae Relieve asthma and hay fever. Nasal decongestant Dragendorrf’s reagent long plates shape crystals Cathine Phenyl alkylamine Catha edulis F. Celastraceae CNS stimulant Mayer’s reagent white ppt Mescaline Phenyl alkylamine Cactus lophophora F. Cactaceae Hallucinogenic and psychoactive Marqui's reagent orange color Capsaicin Phenyl alkylamine Capsicum annuum F. Solanaceae Counter-irritant to relief rheumatism and lumbago Alcoholic solution + FeCl3 Green color Colchicine Tropolone Colchicum autumnale F. Liliaceae Treatment of gout Conc. HNO3 dirty green color brown yellow. Nicotine Pyridine Nicotiana tabacum F. Solanaceae Insecticide Used commercially to produce Nicotinic acid or Niacin (Vitamin B3) Aqueous solution + Vanillin/ HCl Red color Piperine Piperidine Piper nigrum F. Piperaceae Condiment. Tonic and rubefacient H2SO4 red color Coniine Piperidine Conium maculatum F. Umbelliferae local analgesic in treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures Sodium nitroprusside red color blue or violet Lobeline Piperidine Lobelia inflata F. Campanulaceae Respiratory stimulant. Expectorant. Relieve asthma. Marqui`s reagent red violet color Pyridone Ricinus communis F. Euphorbiaceae Toxic alkaloid KMnO4 decolorize the color N OMe C O CH3 N Ricinine
- 2. pyrrolizidine Heliotropium europaeum (Boraginaceae) Anticancer used for snakebite and scorpion stings +Ehrlich R. gives blue to purple color pyrrolizidine Senecio vulgaris. (Compositae) Controls pulmonary hemorrhage +Ehrlich R. gives blue to purple color Indicine N-oxide pyrrolizidine Heliotropium indicum (Boraginaceae) In early clinical studies the possibility of using it for the treatment of leukemia +Ehrlich R. gives blue to purple color Atropine Tropane Atropa belladonna F. Solanaceae Anti-cholinergic, mydriatic, antispasmodic Preanesthetic, antidote for organophosphorus poisoning Vitali-Morin’s Testpurple color Hyoscyamine Tropane Hyoscyamus muticus F. Solanaceae Antispasmodic Anti-cholinergic Vitali-Morin’s Testred color Hyoscine Tropane Hyoscyamus muticus F. Solanaceae Antispasmodic Sedative and CNS depressant. Vitali-Morin’s Testred color Cocaine Tropane Erythroxylum coca F. Erythroxylaceae local anaesthetic CNS stimulant effect, followed by a hypnotic effect. +p-dimethylamino benzaldehyde (▲) red color Hygrine Pyrrolidine Erythroxylum coca F. Erythroxylaceae Sedative Hypnotic It gives characteristic crystals with gold chloride and platinic chloride Quinine Quinoline Cinchona succirubra F. Rubiaceae Anti-malarial Thalleioquin test emerald green color
- 3. Quinidine Quinoline Cinchona succirubra F. Rubiaceae Anti- arrhythmic Thalleioquin test emerald green color Emetine Isoquinoline Cephaelis ipecacuanha F. Rubiaceae Expectorant and emetic Amoebic dysentery treatment Ipecacuanha alkaloids in HCl + Ca- hypochlorite Orange color d- Tubocurarine Isoquinoline Chondrodendron tomentosum F.Menispermaceae Skeletal muscle relaxant Saturated aqueous solution + FeCl3 Green color Morphine Phenanthrene Papaver somniferum F. Papaveraceae Powerful analgesic and narcotic + FeCl3 blue color Codeine Phenanthrene Papaver somniferum F. Papaveraceae Anti-tussive Non-addictive medium analgesic + FeCl3 + Conc H2SO4 (▲) Blue color + HNO3 Red colour Eserine Indol Physostigma venenosum F. Leguminosae A myotic drug, it has a cholinergic effect and stimulates gland secretion Eserine blue test Strychnine Indol Strychnos nux vomica F. Lganiaceae Rodenticide + HNO3 Yellow color Brucine Indol Strychnos nux vomica F. Lganiaceae CNS stimulant + HNO3 orange red color (evap. + SnCl2) violet colour Ergometrine Indol Claviceps purpurea F. Clavicipitaceae Oxytocic Van-Urk’s test
- 4. Ergotamine Indol Claviceps purpurea F. Clavicipitaceae Migraine Van-Urk’s test Vincristine Indol Catharanthus roseus F. Apocyanaceae Leukemia HPLC Vinblastine Indol Catharanthus roseus F. Apocyanaceae Hodgkin’s disease HPLC Yohimbine Indol β-Carboline Coryanthe yohimba, F. Rubiaceae Aphrodisiac + conc. H2SO4 + crystals of K2Cr2O7 violet streaks blue green Reserpine Indol β-Carboline Rauwolfia serpentina F. Apocynaceae Antihypertensives +p-dimethylamino benzaldehyde (Glacial acetic acidH2SO4) green color red in acid Pilocarpine Imidazol Pilocarpus jaborandi, F. Rutaceae Miotic for treatment of glaucoma cholinergic agent Helch’s test Caffeine Purine Camellia sinensis F. Theaceae CNS stimulant Analgesic Murexide test Theophylline Purine Theobroma cacao F. Sterculiaceae Diuretic Respiratory stimulant Murexide test Theobromine Purine Theobroma cacao F. Sterculiaceae Little stimulant action, more diuretic activity than Caffeine Murexide test
- 5. Solanine Steroidal Solanum tuberosum F. solanaceae Starting material for synthesis of sexual hormones and corticosteroids. Mayer’s reagent white ppt Solasonine Steroidal Solanum tuberosum F. solanaceae Starting material for synthesis of sexual hormones and corticosteroids. Mayer’s reagent white ppt Taxol Diterpene Taxus brevifolia, F. taxaceae Ovarian, breast and lung cancer HPLC