World War 1 Causes, Important Events, Legacy, Treaties, Introduced weapons.

1. WORLD WAR – I
A PRESENTATION BY
ABDULLAH AHSAN
CLASS: VII-A
PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, QATAR

2. WORLD WAR - I
1914–1918

3. CAUSES
MUTUAL DEFENCE ALLIANCES
IMPERIALISM
MILITIRISM
NATIONALISM
IMMEDIATE CAUSE:
ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE
FRANZ FERDINAND

4. 1.MUTUAL DEFENCE
ALLIANCES
O THE EUROPEAN COUNTERIES
THOUGHT OF MAKING MUTUAL
DEFENCE ALLIANCES.
O OTHER COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
THOUGHT THAT EUROPEAN
COUNTRIES HAD MADE MUTUALL
DEFENCE ALLIANCES THAT WOULD
PULL THEM IN BATTLE.
O THESE TREATIES MEANT THAT IF ONE
COUNTRY WAS ATTACKED, ALLIED
COUNTRIES WERE BOUND TO
DEFEND THEM.

5. ALIANCES BEFORE WWI
ORUSSIA AND SERBIA
OGERMANY AND AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY
OFRANCE AND RUSSIA
OBRITAIN AND FRANCE AND
BELGIUM
OJAPAN AND BRITAIN

6. DEFENDING ALLIES
O AUSTRIA-HUNGARY DECLARED WAR ON
SERBIA, RUSSIA GOT INVOLVED TO
DEFEND SERBIA.
O GERMANY SEEING RUSSIA MOBILIZING,
DECLARED WAR ON RUSSIA.
O FRANCE WAS THEN DRAWN IN AGAINST
GERMANY AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
O GERMANY ATTACKED FRANCE THROUGH
BELGIUM PULLING BRITAIN INTO WAR.
O THEN JAPAN ENTERED THE WAR.
O LATER, ITALY AND THE UNITED STATES
WOULD ENTER ON THE SIDE OF THE
ALLIES.

7. 2.IMPERIALISM
O IMPERIALISM IS WHEN A COUNTRY
INCREASES THEIR POWER AND WEALTH BY
BRINGING ADDITIONAL TERRITORIES UNDER
THEIR CONTROL.
O BEFORE WORLD WAR I, AFRICA AND PARTS
OF ASIA WERE POINTS OF CONTENTION
AMONG THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.
O BECAUSE OF THE RAW MATERIALS THESE
AREAS COULD PROVIDE, TENSIONS AROUND
THESE AREAS RAN HIGH.
O THE INCREASING COMPETITION AND DESIRE
FOR GREATER EMPIRES LED TO AN
INCREASE IN CONFRONTATION THAT HELPED
PUSH THE WORLD INTO WORLD WAR I.

8. 3.MILITIRISM
O AS THE WORLD ENTERED THE 20TH
CENTURY, AN ARMS RACE HAD BEGUN.
O BY 1914, GERMANY HAD THE GREATEST
INCREASE IN MILITARY BUILD UP.
O GREAT BRITAIN AND GERMANY BOTH
GREATLY INCREASED THEIR NAVIES IN THIS
TIME PERIOD.
O FURTHER, IN GERMANY AND RUSSIA
PARTICULARLY, THE MILITARY
ESTABLISHMENT BEGAN TO HAVE A GREATER
INFLUENCE ON PUBLIC POLICY.
O THIS INCREASE IN MILITARISM HELPED PUSH
THE COUNTRIES INVOLVED INTO WAR.

9. 4.NATIONALISM
O MUCH OF THE ORIGIN OF THE WAR WAS
BASED ON THE DESIRE OF THE SLAVIC
PEOPLES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA TO
NO LONGER BE PART OF AUSTRIA HUNGARY
BUT INSTEAD BE PART OF SERBIA.
O IN THIS WAY, NATIONALISM LED DIRECTLY TO
THE WAR.
O BUT MORE GENERALLY, NATIONALISM IN
VARIOUS COUNTRIES THROUGHOUT EUROPE
CONTRIBUTED NOT ONLY TO THE BEGINNING
BUT THE EXTENSION OF THE WAR IN
EUROPE.
O EACH COUNTRY TRIED TO PROVE THEIR
DOMINANCE AND POWER.

10. 5.IMMEDIATE CAUSE:
ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE
FRANZ FERDINAND
O THE IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF WORLD WAR I THAT MADE
THE AFOREMENTIONED ITEMS COME INTO PLAY (ALLIANCES,
IMPERIALISM, MILITARISM, NATIONALISM) WAS THE
ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND OF AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY.
O IN JUNE 1914, A SERBIAN-NATIONALIST TERRORIST GROUP CALLED
THE BLACK HAND SENT GROUPS TO ASSASSINATE THE
ARCHDUKE.
O THEIR FIRST ATTEMPT FAILED WHEN A DRIVER AVOIDED A
GRENADE THROWN AT THEIR CAR.
O HOWEVER, LATER THAT DAY A SERBIAN NATIONALIST NAMED
GAVRILO PRINCIP ASSASSINATED HIM AND HIS WIFE WHILE THEY
WERE IN SARAJEVO, BOSNIA WHICH WAS PART OF AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY.
O THIS WAS IN PROTEST TO AUSTRIA-HUNGARY HAVING CONTROL
OF THIS REGION. SERBIA WANTED TO TAKE OVER BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA.
O THIS ASSASSINATION LED TO AUSTRIA-HUNGARY DECLARING WAR
ON SERBIA. WHEN RUSSIA BEGAN TO MOBILIZE DUE TO ITS
ALLIANCE WITH SERBIA, GERMANY DECLARED WAR ON RUSSIA.
O THUS BEGAN THE EXPANSION OF THE WAR TO INCLUDE ALL

11. ARCHDUKE FRANZ
FERDINAND

12. MAIN COUNTRIES OF WWI
O BRITIAN JAPAN USA
ITALY
O RUSSIA SERBIA POLAND FRANCE
O TURKEY BULGARIA GERMAN
CANADA
O CZECHOSLOVAKIA AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

13. MAIN ALLIES OF WWI
O THE ALIES INCLUDED BRITIAN,
FRANCE , RUSSIA, ITALY, USA AND
THE SUBCONTINENT.
O THESE COUNTRIES FOUGHT AGAINST
THE CENETRAL POWERS WHICH
INCLUDED GERMANY, AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY, OTTOMAN EMPIRE, SERBIA
AND BULGARIA.

14. EVENTS OF WW – I
O The Western Front:
O Germany opened two fronts.
France in the West
Russia in the East
O On August 4, 1914, German troops
crossed the border into Belgium.
O Germany captured Leige on 15th August
1914.

15. EVENTS OF WW – I
O First Battle of the Marne:
O Fought from 6th to 9th September 1914.
O Allied British & French forces defeated
German forces.
O It ended the German plans of Quick Victory
over Europe.

16. EVENTS OF WW – I
O Important Battles of Western Front:
O Battle of Marne
O Battle of Verdun
O Battle of Somme

17. EVENTS OF WW – I
O The Eastern Front:
O Russia invaded the German-held regions of
East Prussia and Poland.
O German and Austrian forces attacked the
Russian forces at the Battle of Tannenberg in
August 1914.
O Germans were forced to move two corps
from Western front to Eastern front that
resulted in German loss in the Battle of the
Marne.

18. EVENTS OF WW – I
ORussian Revolution:
O From 1914 to 1916, Russia
launched several attacks on the
Eastern Front but was unable to
break through German lines.
O Tension and discontent grew in
Russia because of military defeats,
economic stability and scarcity of
food.

19. EVENTS OF WW – I
O America Enters WW – 1:
O At the outbreak of world War I in 1914, the
United States of America remained on the side
lines of World War I.
O USA adopted the policy of neutrality and
remained engaged in commerce and shipping
with European countries on both sides of the
conflict.
O In May 1915, Germany sank some American
ships.
O American public opinion turned against
Germany.

20. EVENTS OF WW – I
O America Enters WW – 1:
O In February 1917, Congress passed a $250
million arms bill to prepare USA for war.
O Germans sank 4 more U.S merchant ships.
O On April 2, US President Wilson addressed
the Congress and asked for a declaration of
war against Germany.

21. EVENTS OF WW – I
O Gallipoli Campaign:
O In 1914, the Allied forces attacked
Dardanelles but failed to defeat the Ottoman
Empire.
O This created a conflict among the Central
Powers in late 1914.
O The Allied forces launched a large-scale land
invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula in April
1915. The invasion also proved a total failure.
O In January 1916 Allied forces fully retreated
from the Gallipoli with 250,000 war
casualties.
O In northern Italy, Austrian and Italian troops
fought a series of 12 battles along the Lsonzo
River.

22. EVENTS OF WW – I
O Battles of the Isonzo:
O It was a series of 12 battles between Italy
and Austria-Hungry.
O The First Battle took place in 1915.
O In the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo, also
known as the Battle of Caporetto (October
1917), Germans helped Austria-Hungary
win a decisive victory.
O After Italy’s defeat, British, French and US
troops arrived in the region, and began to
take back the Italian Front.

23. EVENTS OF WW – I
O World War – I at the Sea:
O Before the WW – I the Britain had an
unchallenged Naval Force.
O German Navy worked hard and its U-
boat submarines were lethal in the
sea.
O British navy launched a surprise
attack on German ships in the Battle
of Dogger Bank, in January 1915.

24. EVENTS OF WW – I
O World War – I at the Sea:
O The German navy avoided confrontation
with British navy and preferred the use of
U-boats.
O The Battle of Jutland (May 1916) was the
biggest naval engagement of World War
I.
O The British naval superiority was
maintained, and Germany made no
further attempts to defeat Britain on sea.

25. EVENTS OF WW – I
O Second Battle of the Marne:
O On July 15, 1918, German troops launched
their last offensive of the war.
O Germans attacked allied forces in the Second
Battle of Marne.
O The Allies successfully defeated the attack and
launched their own attack.
O After huge loses Germany called off a planned
offensive further north, in the Flanders region.
O The Second Battle of the Marne turned the
World War I decisively towards the Allies.

26. EVENTS OF WW – I
O Toward Armistice:
O Despite the Turkish victory at Gallipoli, later
defeats by allied forces and an Arab revolt
destroyed the Ottoman economy and devastate
its land, and the Turks signed a treaty with the
Allies in late October 1918.
O Austria-Hungary, due to growing nationalist
movements among its diverse population,
reached an armistice on November 4, 1918.
O The decreasing battlefield resources,
discontent among its people and the surrender
of its allies, forced Germany to surrender on
November 11, 1918.

27. Treaty of Versailles
O Paris Peace Conference was held in
1919.
O Allied leaders stated their desire to build a
post-war world that would safeguard itself
against future conflicts of such
devastating scale.
O Some hopeful participants called World
War I “the War to End All Wars.”
O But the Treaty of Versailles , signed on
June 28, 1919, would not achieve that
lofty goal.

28. Legacy of World War – I
O More than 9 million soldiers died.
O 21 million soldiers were wounded.
O Around 10 million civilians died.
O Germany and France suffered the most. Each
of which sent 80 per cent of their male
populations between the ages of 15 and 49
into battle.
O The political instability caused the fall of four
imperial dynasties—Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Russia and Turkey.
O Millions of women entered the workforce to
support men who went to war.

29. Legacy of World War – I
O The war spread one of the world’s deadliest
global pandemics, the Spanis Flu epidemic of
1918, which killed an estimated 20 to 50
million people.
O World War I has also been referred to as “the
first modern war.”
O Machine guns, tanks , aerial combat and radio
communications were introduced on a
massive scale during World War I.

30. Legacy of World War – I
O Chemical weapons such as Mustard Gas
and Phosgene had severe effects on
soldiers and civilians.
O Public and Military attitude changed
against the use of chemical weapons.
O The Geneva Convention agreements,
signed in 1925, restricted the use of
chemical and biological agents in warfare,
and remains in effect today

31. World War – I: Tank

32. World War – I: Machine Gun

33. World War – I: Grenades

34. World War – I: Radio

35. World War – I: Aircraft

36. World War – I: Anti Aircraft

37. World War – I: Heavy Artillery