Amazon Redshift Spectrum is a new feature that extends Amazon Redshift’s analytics capabilities beyond the data stored in your data warehouse to also query your data in Amazon S3. You can use Amazon Redshift and your existing business intelligence tools to run SQL queries against exabytes of data, and Redshift Spectrum applies sophisticated query optimization, scaling processing across thousands of nodes so results are fast – even with large data sets and complex queries.

1. © 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Anurag Gupta, Vice President
Amazon Athena, Amazon CloudSearch, AWS Data Pipeline, Amazon Elasticsearch Service, Amazon EMR,
Amazon Redshift, AWS Glue, Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS for MariaDB, RDS for MySQL, RDS for PostgreSQL
April 19, 2017
Introduction to
Amazon Redshift Spectrum

2. What is Big Data?
When your data sets become so large and diverse
that you have to start innovating around how to
collect, store, process, analyze and share them

3. Generate
Collect & Store
Analyze
Collaborate & Act
Individual AWS customers
generate over a PB/day
It’s never been easier to generate vast amounts of data

4. Generate
Collect & Store
Analyze
Collaborate & Act
Individual AWS customers
generating over PB/day
Amazon S3 lets you collect and store all this data
Store exabytes of
data in S3

5. Generate
Collect & Store
Analyze
Collaborate & Act
Individual AWS customers
generating over PB/day
Highly
Constrained
But how do you analyze it?
Store exabytes of
data in S3

6. 1990 2000 2010 2020
Generated Data
Available for Analysis
Sources:
Gartner: User Survey Analysis: Key Trends Shaping the Future of Data Center Infrastructure Through 2011
IDC: Worldwide Business Analytics Software 2012–2016 Forecast and 2011 Vendor Shares
Data Volume
Year
The Dark Data Problem
Most generated data is unavailable for analysis

7. The tyranny of “OR”
Amazon EMR
Directly access data in S3
Scale out to thousands of nodes
Open data formats
Popular big data frameworks
Anything you can dream up and code
Amazon Redshift
Super-fast local disk performance
Sophisticated query optimization
Join-optimized data formats
Query using standard SQL
Optimized for data warehousing

8. But I don’t want to choose.
I shouldn’t have to choose
I want “all of the above”

9. I want
sophisticated query optimization and scale-out processing
super fast performance and support for open formats
the throughput of local disk and the scale of S3

10. I want all this
From one data processing engine
With my data accessible from all data processing engines
Now and in the future

11. We’re told “you have to choose”
Pick small clusters for joins or large ones for scans
Shuffles are expensive
Open formats can’t collocate data for joins
They have to deal with variable cluster sizes
Query optimization requires statistics
You can’t determine this for external data

12. “It’s just physics”

13. Amazon Redshift Spectrum

14. Amazon Redshift Spectrum
Run SQL queries directly against data in S3 using thousands of nodes
Fast @ exabyte scale Elastic & highly available On-demand, pay-per-query
High concurrency: Multiple
clusters access same data
No ETL: Query data in-place
using open file formats
Full Amazon Redshift
SQL support
S3
SQL

15. Query
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM S3.EXT_TABLE
GROUP BY…
Life of a query
Amazon
Redshift
JDBC/ODBC
...
1 2 3 4 N
Amazon S3
Exabyte-scale object storage
Data Catalog
Apache Hive Metastore
1

16. Query is optimized and compiled at
the leader node. Determine what gets
run locally and what goes to Amazon
Redshift Spectrum
Life of a query
Amazon
Redshift
JDBC/ODBC
...
1 2 3 4 N
Amazon S3
Exabyte-scale object storage
Data Catalog
Apache Hive Metastore
2

17. Query plan is sent to
all compute nodes
Life of a query
Amazon
Redshift
JDBC/ODBC
...
1 2 3 4 N
Amazon S3
Exabyte-scale object storage
Data Catalog
Apache Hive Metastore
3

18. Compute nodes obtain partition info from
Data Catalog; dynamically prune partitions
Life of a query
Amazon
Redshift
JDBC/ODBC
...
1 2 3 4 N
Amazon S3
Exabyte-scale object storage
Data Catalog
Apache Hive Metastore
4

19. Each compute node issues multiple
requests to the Amazon Redshift
Spectrum layer
Life of a query
Amazon
Redshift
JDBC/ODBC
...
1 2 3 4 N
Amazon S3
Exabyte-scale object storage
Data Catalog
Apache Hive Metastore
5

20. Amazon Redshift Spectrum nodes
scan your S3 data
Life of a query
Amazon
Redshift
JDBC/ODBC
...
1 2 3 4 N
Amazon S3
Exabyte-scale object storage
Data Catalog
Apache Hive Metastore
6

21. 7
Amazon Redshift
Spectrum projects,
filters, and aggregates
Life of a query
Amazon
Redshift
JDBC/ODBC
...
1 2 3 4 N
Amazon S3
Exabyte-scale object storage
Data Catalog
Hive Metastore

22. Final aggregations and joins
with local Amazon Redshift
tables done in-cluster
Life of a query
Amazon
Redshift
JDBC/ODBC
...
1 2 3 4 N
Amazon S3
Exabyte-scale object storage
Data Catalog
Apache Hive Metastore
8

23. Result is sent back to client
Life of a query
Amazon
Redshift
JDBC/ODBC
...
1 2 3 4 N
Amazon S3
Exabyte-scale object storage
Data Catalog
Apache Hive Metastore
9

24. Running an analytic query
over an exabyte in S3

25. Lets build an analytic query - #1
An author is releasing the 8th book in her popular series. How
many should we order for Seattle? What were prior first few
day sales?
Lets get the prior books she’s written.
1 Table
2 Filters
SELECT
P.ASIN,
P.TITLE
FROM
products P
WHERE
P.TITLE LIKE ‘%POTTER%’ AND
P.AUTHOR = ‘J. K. Rowling’

26. Lets build an analytic query - #2
An author is releasing the 8th book in her popular series. How
many should we order for Seattle? What were prior first few
day sales?
Lets compute the sales of the prior books she’s written in this
series and return the top 20 values
2 Tables (1 S3, 1 local)
2 Filters
1 Join
2 Group By columns
1 Order By
1 Limit
1 Aggregation
SELECT
P.ASIN,
P.TITLE,
SUM(D.QUANTITY * D.OUR_PRICE) AS SALES_sum
FROM
s3.d_customer_order_item_details D,
products P
WHERE
D.ASIN = P.ASIN AND
P.TITLE LIKE '%Potter%' AND
P.AUTHOR = 'J. K. Rowling' AND
GROUP BY P.ASIN, P.TITLE
ORDER BY SALES_sum DESC
LIMIT 20;

27. Lets build an analytic query - #3
An author is releasing the 8th book in her popular series. How
many should we order for Seattle? What were prior first few
day sales?
Lets compute the sales of the prior books she’s written in this
series and return the top 20 values, just for the first three days
of sales of first editions
3 Tables (1 S3, 2 local)
5 Filters
2 Joins
3 Group By columns
1 Order By
1 Limit
1 Aggregation
1 Function
2 Casts
SELECT
P.ASIN,
P.TITLE,
P.RELEASE_DATE,
SUM(D.QUANTITY * D.OUR_PRICE) AS SALES_sum
FROM
s3.d_customer_order_item_details D,
asin_attributes A,
products P
WHERE
D.ASIN = P.ASIN AND
P.ASIN = A.ASIN AND
A.EDITION LIKE '%FIRST%' AND
P.TITLE LIKE '%Potter%' AND
P.AUTHOR = 'J. K. Rowling' AND
D.ORDER_DAY :: DATE >= P.RELEASE_DATE AND
D.ORDER_DAY :: DATE < dateadd(day, 3, P.RELEASE_DATE)
GROUP BY P.ASIN, P.TITLE, P.RELEASE_DATE
ORDER BY SALES_sum DESC
LIMIT 20;

28. Lets build an analytic query - #4
An author is releasing the 8th book in her popular series. How
many should we order for Seattle? What were prior first few
day sales?
Lets compute the sales of the prior books she’s written in this
series and return the top 20 values, just for the first three days
of sales of first editions in the city of Seattle, WA, USA
4 Tables (1 S3, 3 local)
8 Filters
3 Joins
4 Group By columns
1 Order By
1 Limit
1 Aggregation
1 Function
2 Casts
SELECT
P.ASIN,
P.TITLE,
R.POSTAL_CODE,
P.RELEASE_DATE,
SUM(D.QUANTITY * D.OUR_PRICE) AS SALES_sum
FROM
s3.d_customer_order_item_details D,
asin_attributes A,
products P,
regions R
WHERE
D.ASIN = P.ASIN AND
P.ASIN = A.ASIN AND
D.REGION_ID = R.REGION_ID AND
A.EDITION LIKE '%FIRST%' AND
P.TITLE LIKE '%Potter%' AND
P.AUTHOR = 'J. K. Rowling' AND
R.COUNTRY_CODE = ‘US’ AND
R.CITY = ‘Seattle’ AND
R.STATE = ‘WA’ AND
D.ORDER_DAY :: DATE >= P.RELEASE_DATE AND
D.ORDER_DAY :: DATE < dateadd(day, 3, P.RELEASE_DATE)
GROUP BY P.ASIN, P.TITLE, R.POSTAL_CODE, P.RELEASE_DATE
ORDER BY SALES_sum DESC
LIMIT 20;

29. Now let’s run that query over an exabyte of data in S3
Roughly 140 TB of customer item order detail
records for each day over past 20 years.
190 million files across 15,000 partitions in S3.
One partition per day for USA and rest of world.
Need a billion-fold reduction in data processed.
Running this query using a 1000 node Hive cluster
would take over 5 years.*
• Compression ……………..….……..5X
• Columnar file format……….......…10X
• Scanning with 2500 nodes…....2500X
• Static partition elimination…............2X
• Dynamic partition elimination..….350X
• Redshift’s query optimizer……......40X
---------------------------------------------------
Total reduction……….…………3.5B X
* Estimated using 20 node Hive cluster & 1.4TB, assume linear
* Query used a 20 node DC1.8XLarge Amazon Redshift cluster
* Not actual sales data - generated for this demo based on data
format used by Amazon Retail.

30. Amazon Redshift Spectrum is fast
Leverages Amazon Redshift’s advanced cost-based optimizer
Pushes down projections, filters, aggregations and join reduction
Dynamic partition pruning to minimize data processed
Automatic parallelization of query execution against S3 data
Efficient join processing within the Amazon Redshift cluster

31. Amazon Redshift Spectrum is cost-effective
You pay for your Amazon Redshift cluster plus $5 per TB scanned from S3
Each query can leverage 1000s of Amazon Redshift Spectrum nodes
You can reduce the TB scanned and improve query performance by:
Partitioning data
Using a columnar file format
Compressing data

32. Amazon Redshift Spectrum is secure
End-to-end
data encryption
Alerts &
notifications
Virtual private cloud
Audit logging
Certifications &
compliance
Encrypt S3 data using SSE and
AWS KMS
Encrypt all Amazon Redshift
data using KMS, AWS
CloudHSM or your on-premises
HSMs
Enforce SSL with perfect forward
encryption using ECDHE
Amazon Redshift leader node in
your VPC. Compute nodes in
private VPC. Spectrum nodes in
private VPC, store no state.
Communicate event-specific
notifications via email, text
message, or call with Amazon
SNS
All API calls are logged using
AWS CloudTrail
All SQL statements are logged
within Amazon Redshift
PCI/DSSFedRAMP
SOC1/2/3 HIPAA/BAA

33. Amazon Redshift Spectrum uses standard SQL
Spectrum seamlessly integrates with your existing SQL & BI apps
Support for complex joins, nested queries & window functions
Support for data partitioned in S3 by any key
Date, Time and any other custom keys
e.g., Year, Month, Day, Hour

34. Defining External Schema and Creating Tables
Define an external schema in Amazon Redshift using the Amazon Athena data
catalog or your own Apache Hive Metastore
CREATE EXTERNAL SCHEMA <schema_name>
Query external tables using <schema_name>.<table_name>
Register external tables using Athena, your Hive Metastore client, or from
Amazon Redshift CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE syntax
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE <table_name>
[PARTITIONED BY <column_name, data_type, …>]
STORED AS file_format
LOCATION s3_location
[TABLE PROPERTIES property_name=property_value, …];

35. Amazon Redshift Spectrum – Current support
File formats
• Parquet
• CSV
• Sequence
• ORC (coming soon)
• RCFile
• RegExSerDe (coming soon)
Compression
• Gzip
• Snappy
• Lzo (coming soon)
• Bz2
Encryption
• SSE with AES256
• SSE KMS with default
key
Column types
• Numeric: bigint, int, smallint, float, double
and decimal
• Char/varchar/string
• Timestamp
• Boolean
• DATE type can be used only as a
partitioning key
Table type
• Non-partitioned table
(s3://mybucket/orders/..)
• Partitioned table
(s3://mybucket/orders/date=YYYY-MM-
DD/..)

36. Converting to Parquet and ORC using Amazon EMR
You can use Hive CREATE TABLE AS SELECT to convert data
CREATE TABLE data_converted
STORED AS PARQUET
AS
SELECT col_1, col2, col3 FROM data_source
Or use Spark - 20 lines of Pyspark code, running on Amazon EMR
• 1TB of text data reduced to 130 GB in Parquet format with snappy compression
• Total cost of EMR job to do this: $5
https://github.com/awslabs/aws-big-data-blog/tree/master/aws-blog-spark-parquet-conversion

37. Is Amazon Redshift Spectrum useful if I don’t have an exabyte?
Your data will get bigger
On average, data warehousing volumes grow 10x every 5 years
The average Amazon Redshift customer doubles data each year
Amazon Redshift Spectrum makes data analysis simpler
Access your data without ETL pipelines
Teams using EMR, Athena & Amazon Redshift can collaborate using the same data lake
Amazon Redshift Spectrum improves availability and concurrency
Run multiple Amazon Redshift clusters against common data
Isolate jobs with tight SLAs from ad hoc analysis

38. The Emerging Analytics Architecture
AthenaAmazon Athena
Interactive Query
AWS Glue
ETL & Data Catalog
Storage
Serverless
Compute
Data
Processing
Amazon S3
Exabyte-scale Object Storage
Amazon Kinesis Firehose
Real-Time Data Streaming
Amazon EMR
Managed Hadoop Applications
AWS Lambda
Trigger-based Code Execution
AWS Glue Data Catalog
Hive-compatible Metastore
Amazon Redshift Spectrum
Fast @ Exabyte scale
Amazon Redshift
Petabyte-scale Data Warehousing

39. Over 20 customers helped preview Amazon Redshift Spectrum

40. Thank you!
Questions?