Blockchain for Science and Research

P U B L I C S E C T O R
S U M M I T
WASH INGTON, D C

© 2019, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.P U B L I C S E C TO R
S U M M I T
Blockchain for Science and
Research
Felipe Millon
WWPS Principal Global Program
Manager
Amazon Web Services
3 0 1 0 6 4
Junseok Park,
Korea Advanced Institute of
Science & Technology

S U M M I T
© 2019, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
How do we think about blockchain?

S U M M I T
Need for a ledger with centralized trust
DMV
Track vehicle
title history
Manufacturers
Track distribution of a
recalled product
HR & Payroll
Track changes to an
individual’s profile
Healthcare
Verify and track hospital
equipment inventory
LEDGERS WITH
CENTRALIZED TRUST
1

S U M M I T
Challenges customers face
Building ledgers with traditional databases
Difficult to
manage and scale
Impossible
to verify
Error prone and
incomplete
Resource
intensive
Blockchain approaches
Designed for a
different purpose
Adds unnecessary
complexity

S U M M I T
NEW
Amazon Quantum
Ledger Database (QLDB)
Fully managed ledger database with a
central trusted authority

S U M M I T
Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB)
(Preview) Fully managed ledger database
Track and verify history of all changes made to your application’s data
Maintains a sequenced
record of all changes to your
data, which cannot be
deleted or modified; you have
the ability to query and
analyze the full history
Immutable
Uses cryptography to
generate a secure output file
of your data’s history
Cryptographically verifiable
Easy to use, letting you
use familiar database
capabilities like SQL APIs for
querying the data
Easy to useHighly scalable
Executes 2–3X as
many transactions as
ledgers in common
blockchain frameworks

S U M M I T
How Amazon QLDB works

S U M M I T
Why do immutability and verifiability
matter for customers?
Reduce risk: ensure safeguarding of critical system-of-record applications where a data
loss could potentially cost millions in lost dollars.
Improve data tracking: helps you or any parties that have access to the system to quickly
and accurately track data’s entire lineage, improving efficiency in tracking the source of
issues (e.g., manufacturing defects, maintain supply network data hygiene)
Auditability: helps reduce downtime caused by audit and compliance issues, saving
hundreds of productivity hours for your team
Reduce implementation effort: building immutability and verifiability in a traditional way is
time consuming, complex, and expensive

S U M M I T
Common customer use cases
Manufacturing
Recording components used
in manufacturing
HR & payroll
Tracking changes to an
individual’s profile
Government
Tracking vehicle
title history
Transport & logistics
Tracking transportation
of goods
E-Commerce
Where’s my stuff?
Banking & finance
Keeping track of transactions,
trades, and accounts

S U M M I T
Need for running transactions with decentralized
trust
2
Financial
institutions
Peer-to-peer payments
Mortgage
lenders
Process syndicated
loans
Supply Chain
Transact with suppliers
and distributers
Retail
Streamline customer
rewards
TRANSACTIONS WITH
DECENTRALIZED TRUST

S U M M I T
Customer problems with complex business
networks
• Many existing business networks rely on central authorities, which can
be inefficient, expensive, and requires time-consuming auditing
• A consortium could achieve better outcomes by sharing information,
but cannot agree on how data can be securely and fairly shared
• Multiple organizations need to independently verify transaction history
and need a single, up to date, accurate view of data
• Business logic among multiple organizations could be simplified
through automation
• Asset transfers require an expensive and inefficient escrow
• A public network needs a way to maintain a tamper-proof history of
transactions and global state

S U M M I T
Blockchain builds trust in a network
Eliminates the need for central authority in business networks
Three main components: distributed ledger, consensus mechanism,
and “smart contract” execution environment
Together these elements allow two parties to transact with one another by ensuring other parties consent to
the transaction and record the transaction. This provides immutability and trust

S U M M I T
Blockchain components: Distributed ledger
database
The journal records an immutable log of all transactions
and is maintained by nodes in the blockchain network
Block 61
Block hash:
000044bf2efe32
Previous block hash:
000087ea2ffe94
Timestamp
Transaction
Transaction
Block 60
Block hash:
000087ea2ffe94
000057ec2fda71
Timestamp
Transaction
Transaction
Block 59
Block hash:
000057ec2fda71
0000d68b2f0a3b
Timestamp
Transaction
Transaction

S U M M I T
Blockchain components: Consensus mechanism
Some important attributes
• Byzantine fault tolerance requirements
• Transaction rate, energy consumption
• Hardware requirements
• Security

S U M M I T
Blockchain components: “smart contracts”
• Rules embedded in app
• Verified execution of code
• Conditional operators
• Application writes to ledger
• Contract can interact with
components outside of the
blockchain network (off-chain)

S U M M I T
Challenges with existing blockchain solutions
Complicated
to manage
Setup is hard Hard to scale Expensive

S U M M I T
NEW
Amazon
Managed Blockchain
Fully managed blockchain service, supporting both
Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum frameworks

S U M M I T
What is Amazon Managed Blockchain?
Amazon Managed Blockchain is a fully managed service that
makes it easy to create and manage scalable blockchain networks
using popular open source frameworks:
Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum

S U M M I T
Amazon Managed Blockchain features
Low cost
Only pay for resources used
Open-source variety
Support for two frameworks
Integrated
Send data to Amazon QLDB
for secure analytics
Fully managed
Create a blockchain network in minutes
Reliable & scalable
Backed with Amazon QLDB technology
Decentralized
Democratically govern the network

S U M M I T
How Amazon Managed Blockchain works
Amazon Managed
Blockchain
Create a network
Choose an open source
blockchain framework, set up
a new blockchain network
and your membership in your
AWS account with
just a few clicks
Invite members
Invite other AWS accounts to
join the network
Add nodes
Create and configure
blockchain peer nodes that
store a copy of the distributed
ledger
Deploy applications
Create and deploy
decentralized applications
to your network through your
per nodes. Transact with
other members on
the network

S U M M I T
Hyperledger Fabric
• Create permissioned networks with
channels to limit the transactions on
the ledger each member can see
• Chaincode (smart contracts) written in
Go and are executed in Docker
containers
• Validation policy for executing
chaincode is configurable
• Does not require a native
cryptocurrency for chaincode execution

S U M M I T
Ethereum
• Create smart contracts using the
Solidity language that run across
nodes in the network
• Very scalable
• Create permissioned networks or use
public Ethereum network
• Configured to use Proof-of-Work
consensus algorithm for public network
and Proof-of-Authority for private
networks
• Anyone who can access the network
and see all data on the ledger

S U M M I T
Augmented Hyperledger Fabric
Ordering service
• Core component of a Fabric network to guarantee delivery and order
of transactions
• Production grade networks using open source will utilize Apache
Kafka for this component
• Managed Blockchain uses Amazon QLDB technology, increasing
durability and reliability
Certificate authority
• Open source uses a “soft” HSM
• Managed Blockchain uses AWS Key Management Service (AMS
KMS)
to secure the Certificate Authority service

S U M M I T
Channels and private data for access control
Channels allow isolation of
transactions among specific
members in the network
Create or update a
channel with configuration
transaction (configtx)
Private data enables sub-
channel access control
Member 1 Member 2 Member 3
Channel 2
Ledger
Channel 1
Ledger
Hyperledger Fabric ordering service
Channel 2Channel 1
Member 2
Peer
Member 3
Peer
Member 1
Peer

S U M M I T
Endorsement policies
Endorsement policies allow
chaincode to specify which
members (or how many)
need to validate a transaction
before submitting
Endorsed transactions
then get submitted to
the ordering service and
assembled into blocks
Member 1
client
Hyperledger Fabric ordering service
Ledger LedgerMember 2
Peer
Member 1
Peer
1
3 2
1
3

Network 1 – Managed Blockchain
VPC endpoint
VPC endpoint
Account A
Account B

S U M M I T
Customer use cases

S U M M I T
Customers are experimenting in many industries
Proof of Ownership
Digital Security Trading
Documents/Contracts
Enterprise Platforms
Financial
Insurance
Mortgage Loans
Voting Mechanisms
Patient Records
Corporate Governance
HCLS
Real Estate
Legal
Agriculture
Gaming
M & E
Transportation
Digital Advertising
Power/Utilities
Retail
Capital Markets
Cloud
OWNERSHIPPRIVATE MARKETS
DERIVATIVES
WAGERS
GLOBAL PAYMENTS
REMITTANCE
NOTARISATION
EQUITY
MICROFINANCE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
TITLE RECORD
ESCROW
DIGITAL RIGHTS
E-COMMERCE
DEBT
CROWDFUNDING
P2P LENDING
HEALTHCARE
VOTING
TRUSTEES
SMART
CONTRACTS
DIGITAL
CURRENCY
SECURITIES
RECORD
KEEPING
BLOCKCHAIN
TECHNOLOGY

S U M M I T
Blockchain in supply chain
• Each organization has a
trusted copy of the
supply chain data
• Payments can be
automated through
smart contracts
• Identity of components
are immutably tracked
as they move through
the supply chain
• Quality of products can
be monitored and
immediately acted on

S U M M I T
Blockchain in financial services

S U M M I T
“Given our vast partner ecosystem, we are exploring the decentralization and
immutable tracking benefits of blockchain for potential applications in our insurance
business. We believe blockchain can improve the transparency and efficiency for
stakeholders in these networks to transact, while still maintaining an independently
verifiable lineage of activities. However, blockchain frameworks are complex and
difficult to operate. With Amazon Managed Blockchain, we can now easily create
Hyperledger Fabric blockchain networks to test and learn without worrying about
managing the underlying infrastructure, networking,
and software configuration.”
—Daniel Johnson
CTO and Head of Innovation, Guardian Life Insurance Company

© 2019, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.S U M M I T
Who is Singapore Exchange
Adiversified exchange group that runs key market infrastructure, including the Singapore stock
market and a pan-Asian derivatives exchange covering all major asset classes.
High annual dividend of 28
cents for the past 5 years
Strong cash-flow with
debt-free balance sheet
Anchored in Singapore, an
AAA-rated economy
London
Tokyo
Mumbai
Singapore
Hong Kong
Shanghai
Beijing
Chicago
New YorkSan Francisco
Headquarter
Office

About —a multiphase journey
Project Ubin is a collaborative project between Singapore Exchange, the
Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and the industry to explore the use
of blockchain for clearing and settlement of payments and securities.
Source: http://www.mas.gov.sg/Singapore-Financial-Centre/Smart-Financial-Centre/Project-Ubin.aspx
Domestic Delivery
vs Payment for
Securities Settlement
Use of digital currency in
Real-Time Gross
Settlement (RTGS)
Achieved gridlock
resolution and liquidity
savings mechanism
(LSM) on a distributed
system without
compromising on
privacy
Phase 1 Phase 2 Current phase
Delivery vs Payment vs
Payment (DvPvP) for
Cross-border settlement
of payments and
securities
Payment vs Payment
(PvP) for
Cross-border settlement
Current Phase Future Phase
Trading Post Trade Clearing Settlement DepositoryCapital Raising

Singapore Exchange: Project Ubin’s blockchain use
case
Amazon
Managed
Blockchain
Challenges with existing financial systems:
• Lack of trust
• Inefficient processes for sending data across
borders
• API divergence is expensive and
cumbersome to maintain
Benefits of implementing a blockchain
• Distributed application provides trust
• Provides reliability and resiliency
• Easy to add new participating members
• Efficient transfer of data and transactions
without intermediaries

Our conclusions
“Higher investor confidence”
Design for arbitrator role
• Designing for arbitrator’s role
provide avenue for recourse for
disputed transactions
• Maintains a central role to monitor and
facilitate market functionalities
Potential for round-the-
clock operations
Underlying DvP Design can be further
explored for cross-border
transactions where time-zone
differences could mean a delay in
settlement time, exposing participants
to unnecessary FX fluctuations and
principal risks
• Smart contracts can be used to apply
obligations and rights consistently
and coherently
• Compliance enforcement through smart
contracts reduces costs
“Flexibility to reduce Settlement time”
Tokenized currency coupled with smart
contracts allows for significant reduction in
settlement time on trade by trade basis
1
2
3
4
5
6
• Distributed control prevents
account compromise
• Layered security with blockchain-
independent transfer of secret
Enhances investors’ security
Multi-Sig, off-chain, out-of-band secure
secrets
Project DvP’s underlying design,
architecture & benefits can be scaled
for other asset classes beyond central
bank-issued digital currencies including
securities, corporate bonds,
commodities etc. and other investor
types such as retail etc.
Potential broadening of asset
classes & investor types
“Consistently” applied rights and obligations

S U M M I T
CORUS
Junseok Park
Doheon Lee*
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Bio-Synergy Research
Center
3 0 1 0 6 4
*Advisor
Collaborative research for us

S U M M I T
Introduction
www.flaticon.com

S U M M I T
Introduction
Source: http://egloos.zum.com/venator/v/4163654 Source : http://app.jjalbang.today/view/%ED%95%9C%EB%8B%A4/6845
Reject!!

S U M M I T
Introduction
Source: Ross M Horowitz / Getty Images
[Sources]
https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2013/01/ginkgo-may-not-be-a-brain-saver/index.htm
https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-identifying-alzheimers-in-its-earliest-stages/
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/185120

S U M M I T
Introduction
[Sources]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20182054 , https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323594.php ,http://seniorhomecareservices.com/definitive-guide-
dementia/

S U M M I T
Introduction

S U M M I T
Objective
www.flaticon.com

S U M M I T
Problem Statement
www.flaticon.com
Simple usage for trials
Reliable data management
process for participatory
trial
Retainable environment
and Participatory Results
Steps Problem
Research
Creation
Research
Conduct
Research
Analysis

S U M M I T
Method Overview (Cont’d)
www.flaticon.com
Automated Protocol
Blockchain
Blockchain Rewards
Steps Methods
Research
Creation
Research
Conduct
Research
Analysis

S U M M I T
Method Overview

S U M M I T
Conclusion !?
[Sources]
이누야샤 5기 24화(128화) - 건어물 요괴와 격투 축제 中
2013년 4월 복지TV '명품 가요쇼’, '백세 인생’, 이애란

S U M M I T
Solution Strategies
Research
Development
and Service
Cloud System
Architecture
Productive
Blockchain - Scalable
Reward - Secure

S U M M I T
1
The data is encrypted
and represented as
transaction in a block
A subject inputs data to
the participated research
3
4
5
6
7
8
The block is
broadcasted, then
validated in private
network
The block and data is
added to private
blockchain
The blocks are
broadcasted then
validated
The data in the block is
synchronized to database
through Smart Contract
Encrypted blocks are
decrypted
The blocks are added
to public blockchain
Solution – Blockchain (Cont’d)
www.flaticon.com
2

S U M M I T
Figure is created from https://cloudcraft.co/
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.1
4
4
3
2
5
1

S U M M I T
1.2 1.2
1.3
1.2 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.1
1
1 2
2
3
1.3
1.1
1.4
1.3
1 2
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
6
6
6
7

S U M M I T
Solution – Blockchain

S U M M I T
Solution – Reward (Cont’d)

S U M M I T
Solution - Reward

S U M M I T
Solution - CORUS

S U M M I T
Solution Strategies (To-Be)
Research
Development
and Service
Cloud System
Architecture
Productive
Blockchain - Scalable
Reward - Secure
Source:
https://brunch.co.kr/magazine/taepyeong

S U M M I T
Solution – Amazon Managed Blockchain (Cont’d)

S U M M I T
Solution – CORUS (To-Be)

S U M M I T
Result - Automated Protocol (Cont’d)
www.flaticon.com

S U M M I T
Result - Automated Protocol
www.flaticon.com

S U M M I T
Result - Blockchain

S U M M I T
Result - CORUS

S U M M I T
Conclusion
Co R us

S U M M I T
Conclusion
Co R us
www.flaticon.com

S U M M I T
Conclusion
www.flaticon.com
Co R us

S U M M I T
Credit Cookie
www.flaticon.com
junseokpark@kaist.ac.kr
progpsk@kaist.ac.kr
kmkim2@kaist.ac.kr,
jeson@biosoft.kaist.ac.kr

S U M M I T
Acknowledgement
www.flaticon.com
• Thanks to
Bio-Synergy Research Center
Doheon Lee
Amazon Webservice
Jemin Chun, Leo An, Joo Yoeon Lee

S U M M I T
Contact Information
www.flaticon.com
• Prof. Doheon Lee
• Professor, Department of Bio and
Brain Engineering, KAIST
• Director, Bio-information System
National Research Lab (BISL)
• Director, Bio-Synergy Research
Center
• Director, IBM-KAIST Bio-Computing
Research Center
Tel : +82-42-350-8681
Email : dhlee@kaist.ac.kr

S U M M I T
Summary

S U M M I T
Identifying the right AWS blockchain service
Owned by a single, trusted authority
Addresses core need of a immutable and
verifiable transactional log
It’s a database, so its fast, as it doesn’t
require consent from members
Amazon QLDB Amazon Managed Blockchain
No single owner of the ledger. Joint
ownership by multiple parties
Addresses core need of enabling multiple parties to transact
transparently and with trust with each other
Removes intermediaries when a group of members needs to
transact. So it makes business processes more efficient
Ownership
Addresses Need
Key Benefit

S U M M I T
AWS blockchain customers

S U M M I T
Next steps
Learn more about our services and sign up for our preview today!
Amazon Managed Blockchain
• Amazon Managed Blockchain webpage: https://aws.amazon.com/managed-blockchain
• Deploying a sample application: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/database/build-and-deploy-an-application-for-hyperledger-
fabric-on-amazon-managed-blockchain/
• Documentation: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/managed-blockchain/latest/managementguide/what-is-managed-
blockchain.html
Amazon QLDB
• Amazon QLDB webpage: https://aws.amazon.com/qldb
• Preview sign-up: https://pages.awscloud.com/QuantumLedgerDatabase-preview.html

Thank you!
S U M M I T
Felipe Millon
millonf@amazon.com
Junseok Park
junseokpark@kaist.ac.kr

S U M M I T

Blockchain for Science and Research

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