Regional organisation in international relations

1. Regional and International
Organizations​
Topic : ​Shanghai
Cooperation Organization

2. What is SCO?​
Member states of SCO​
Historical background of SCO​
Aims and goals of ​SCO
Structure and working of SCO
Achievements of SCO
Failure of SCO​
Future prospects
Conclusion​
Table of contents

3. What is Shanghai Cooperation Organization?
 The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is an intergovernmental
organization established on June 15,2001 in Shanghai (China).
 It is a multilateral Eurasian political ,economic ,security and defense
organization.
 It enhances trade and counteract emerging challenges .
 The SCO is one of the world's biggest regional organizations in terms
of population represented( 40%of the world's total population) and
covering 60% of the area of Eurasia.

4. 2.Russia
1.China
4.Kyrgyzstan
3.Kazakhstan
9.Iran
5.Tajikistan
6.Uzbekistan
8.India
7.Pakistan
Members States:
The SCO
currently
comprises of
nine member
states.

5. Observer States:
Three Observer
states interested in
acceding to
membership are:
Afghanistan
Belarus
Mongolia
1).
2).
3).

6. 1.Armenia
2.Azerbaijan
3.Cambodia
4.Nepal
5. Sri Lanka
6. UAE
7. Qatar
8. Bahrain
9. Kuwait
10. Egypt
11. Turkey
Dialogue Partners:

7. Guest Attendees
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian
Nations)
1).
CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States)
3).
2).
UNO (United Nations Organization)

9.  The Shanghai Five group was created on 26 April 1996 .
 Heads of states of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and
Tajikistan signed the Treaty on Deepening Military Trust in border
Regions in Shanghai.
 On 24 April 1997 the same countries signed the Treaty on Reduction of
Military Forces in Border Regions in a meeting in Moscow, Russia.
 On 20 May 1997 Russian President Boris Yeltsin and Chinese
President Jiang Zemin signed a declaration on a "multipolar world".
Historical evolution of SCO

10. The SCO is the successor to the Shanghai Five, formed in 1996 between
the People's Republic of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia,
and Tajikistan.​
In June 2001, the leaders of these nations and Uzbekistan met in Shanghai to
announce a new organization with deeper political and economic cooperation.​
 In the meeting of the Heads of State Council of the SCO held in June 2017 in
Astana, the status of a full member of the Organization was granted to India
and Pakistan.​
Iran has been admitted as a permanent member of the SCO at the Samarkand
summit hosted by India in 2023.

11. Aims and Goals of SCO
The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi had articulated the
foundational dimension of Eurasia as being SECURE:​
S for Security of our citizens,​
E for Economic development for all,​
C for Connecting the region,​
U for Unite our people,​
R for Respect for Sovereignty and Integrity
E for Environmental protection.​

12. The main goals of the SCO are
strengthening mutual confidence
and good- neighborly relations .
1).
4).
3).
2).
5).
Promoting effective cooperation
in politics, trade and economy, science
and technology, culture, education and
tourism.
To combat the three evils
of terrorism, extremism, and
separatism and maintain peace.
Making joint efforts to maintain
and ensure peace and security
The establishment of a new, just
and rational political
and economic international order.​

13. Shanghai Spirit
The core of the Shanghai Spirit is “mutual trust, mutual benefit,
equality, consultation, respect for the diversity of civilizations and
pursuit of common development”.
The Shanghai Spirit” is the spiritual home of the SCO, “a unique
source of the development of SCO
The HSC meets once a year and adopts guidelines and decisions on
all important matters of the SCO.

14. Structure and working Of SCO
• The supreme decision-making body in the SCO is the Heads of State
Council (HSC).
• The HSC meets once a year and adopts guidelines and decisions on all
important matters of the SCO.
• The SCO Heads of Government Council (HGC) meets once a year to
discuss the organization’s multilateral cooperation strategy and priority
areas, to resolve current important economic , cooperation and
security issues.

15. The three main working bodies of SCO are:
SCO RATS
SCO Interbank Consortium
SCO Business Council
1).
3).
2).

16.  Official languages of SCO are Chinese and Russian.
 The SCO headquarter is in Beijing, China.
 Secretary General of SCO is Zhang Ming.
The Director of the Executive Committee of the SCO RATS and
SCO Secretary-General are appointed by the Council of Heads
of State for a term of 3 years.
The Secretariat of the SCO, headquartered in Beijing, China, is
the primary executive body of the organization

17. SCO RATS
 The Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure
(RATS) of the (SCO) .
 It is the permanent body of the SCO RATS based in Tashkent,
Uzbekistan.
 It operates in accordance with the SCO Charter, the Shanghai Convention
on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism.
 The Agreement among the SCO member states
on RATS well as documents and decisions adopted in the SCO
framework.

18. Annual Session is the highest body of the Business Council that sets
priorities and formulates the primary targets for its activity .
 It decides on important issues concerning links with business
associations and investment interactions .
 The SCO Business Council is an independent institution capable
of taking advisory decisions.
 It also giving expert assessments regarding the involvement
of members of the business communities of the SCO member states.
SCO Business Council

19. The SCO Interbank Consortium (SCO IBC) was established by the
Council of Heads of Government on 26 October 2005.
 It provide funding and bank services for investment projects
(infrastructure, high-tech industries,, and social projects)sponsored
by the governments of the SCO member states.
 The SCO IBC Council meets upon the consensus of all of the parties
at least once per year. The Presidency of the Council is carried out on a
rotational basis.
SCO Interbank Consortium

20. The members of the SCO IBC are:
the Development Bank of Kazakhstan​
the State Development Bank of China​
the Settlement & Savings Company of the Kyrgyz Republic "RSK Bank"​
the Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs of the Russian
Federation "Vnesheconombank"​
the State Savings Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan "Amonatbonk",​
and the National Bank for Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic
of Uzbekistan.
4).
3).
2).
1).
5).
6).

21. Structure

22. Achievements of SCO
The Central Asia–China Gas Pipeline consists of multiple lines, both
completed and still under construction, running more than 1,100 miles
through Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan to China.
Beijing also pledged a $16.3 billion fund to integrate the region,
reviving old trade routes as part of China’s Silk Road Economic Belt.
In 2014, China hosted the bloc’s Peace Mission, its largest military
exercise in terms of the number troops involved, more than seven
thousand, and advanced weaponry deploying.

23. The SCO has a important role in Asia due to its
geographical significance this enables it to control Central Asia
and limit the American influence in the region.
CPEC: China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is
significant in supplementing the vision of the Shanghai
Cooperation Organization (SCO).
It aimed at ensuring shared prosperity through regional
connectivity and integration, said Foreign
Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari

24. Failure of SCO
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is alive and well , but fails on
areas :
1)The India Pakistan conflict.
• Example :unable to resolve the Kashmir issue.
2) lack of political will and internal cohesion.
• Example: the 2006 Russian initiative of creating a 'unified energy
market' or Energy Club is a case in point .

25. 4). Rivalry and diverging views between Russia and China
• Example :Russia has been eager to strengthen SCO-CSTO
military cooperation, while China has advocated the creation of
an SCO free trade zone.
5). SCO's limited effectiveness as a security body,
• Example : the 2010 unrest in Osh, Kyrgyzstan. Given its
principle of non-interference and the absence of a
collective reaction mechanism.

26. Future Prospects of SCO
SCO also strive to
expand its member
states in future.
The One Belt One Road
Initiative, is a manifestation
mega project.
Eurasian project and
Eurasian Economic Union.
Initiative for the stabilization
of Afghanistan.
The extension of
cooperation areas and
improvements of
cooperation mechanism

27. Conclusion
The SCO is an important well scope one of the largest working successful
organizations in the world.
 It also creates the strong regional cooperation in International Relations.
 SCO was considered as a counterbalance to NATO or as a substitute to the
former Warsaw Pact.
 In analyzing the development of SCO and its role within the regional
security landscape in Central Asia, generate the assumptions about
the nature of security

28. Control of the Eurasian landmass is
the key to global domination and
control of Central Asia is the key to
control of the Eurasian landmass.
(Halford Mackinder)
Quote

29. Any Questions?

30. Thank you
so much!