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Geographic factors determine development approaches
- 1. Geographic Relevance to Development Approaches: Spatial Dynamics of Social and Economic Organizations, Spatial Implications of Development Measures: Import Substitution Course Code: GES 4105 Course Title: Geography of Development
- 2. Submitted By Team D Session: 2018-19 Dept. of Geography and Environmental Science Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur # # # Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur Submitted To
- 3. Geographic Relevance in Development Geographic factors determine the availability and distribution of natural resources, including minerals, energy sources, fertile land, water, and biodiversity. 1. Natural Resources 2. Climate and Environment Favorable climatic conditions can support agricultural activities and contribute to food security and economic growth. Regions located closer to major markets may have an advantage in terms of reduced transportation costs, quicker response times, and access to larger consumer bases. 4. Market Access and Trade Opportunities 5. Human Settlement Patterns The concentration of population and skilled labor in specific regions can contribute to economic agglomeration, knowledge spillovers, and innovation. 3. Infrastructure and Connectivity Regions with well-developed infrastructure are better positioned to attract investments, facilitate trade, and connect with markets. 6. Environmental Vulnerability Certain areas may be more prone to water scarcity, coastal erosion, deforestation, or soil degradation, which can hinder development efforts and require sustainable management practices.
- 4. Spatial Distribution of Social & Economic Organizations Culture Ethnicity Historical Patterns Access to Resources Market Dynamics Government Policies Socioeconomic Factors Proximity to Market Customer Preferences Infrastructure Regional Specialization Factors of Economic Organizations Factors of Social Organizations
- 5. Case Study: Urbanization and Spatial Dynamics in Shanghai, China
- 6. “Import substitution is a development strategy that aims to reduce a country's reliance on imported goods by promoting domestic production of those goods. The strategy focuses on creating a self-sufficient economy by producing goods locally instead of depending on foreign imports.” Import Substitution
- 7. Land Use Changes 01 Urbanization Spatial Implications of Development Measures 02 Transportation 05 Spatial Inequalities: 03 Environmental Impacts 04
- 8. Importance of Import Substitution 02 Regional Disparities 03 Infrastructure Development 04 Urban-Rural Dynamics 05 Export Potential 01 Concentration of Industries
- 9. Industrial Localization Market Proximity 01 Supply Chain Efficiency 02 Knowledge Spillovers and Collaboration 03 Infrastructure and Support Services 04 Labor Market Pooling 04 External Economies of Scale 04
- 10. Disadvantages, Challenges, and Risks Limited Product Variety and Consumer Choice Trade Disruptions and Protectionism Allocative Inefficiencies and Resource Misallocation Inefficiencies and Reduced Competitiveness Dependence on Local Markets Lack of Access to Advanced Technology and Know-How 02 04 06 01 03 05 Reduced Integration in Global Value Chains 07
- 11. Policy Recommendations Resource Allocation Strategies Targeted Regional Development Policies Human Capital Development Export-Oriented Development Infrastructure Investments 01 02 03 05 06 Research and Development (R&D) Support 04 Institutional Support and Policy Stability 07
- 12. Thank You.
- 13. Any questions?