Institutional Support to Entrepreneurship

UNIT V
Institutional Support to
Entrepreneurship
ARNAV CHOWDHURY

The Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP)
 The Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP) in India is a
government initiative aimed at fostering entrepreneurial skills and
promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises
(SMEs) in the country. The program is typically implemented by
various institutions, including entrepreneurship development
institutes, industry associations, and government agencies.

 The EDP in India focuses on providing aspiring entrepreneurs with the
necessary knowledge, skills, and support to start and manage their
own businesses. The program covers a wide range of topics related to
entrepreneurship, including business planning, market research,
financial management, marketing strategies, and legal and regulatory
requirements.
 Various government agencies in India, such as the Ministry of Micro,
Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) and the National Institute for
Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (NIESBUD), along
with state governments, play an active role in implementing and
supporting the EDPs across the country.

The objectives of the EDP in India include:
 Encouraging and nurturing entrepreneurship among individuals.
 Enhancing the business management skills of entrepreneurs.
 Promoting self-employment and job creation.
 Supporting the development of innovative and sustainable business
ventures.
 Facilitating access to finance, technology, and market linkages for
entrepreneurs.

Institutional Support System
 The institutional support system in India refers to the network of
organizations, agencies, and initiatives that are established to provide
support, guidance, and resources to entrepreneurs, startups, and
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These institutions play a
crucial role in fostering entrepreneurship, promoting business
development, and driving economic growth.

 Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME): The MSME ministry is a
government body responsible for formulating policies, implementing programs, and
providing support to micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in India. It offers
various schemes, financial assistance, and skill development programs to promote
entrepreneurship and SME growth.
 National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC): NSIC is a government-owned
enterprise that provides a range of services to MSMEs, including marketing support,
technology support, finance facilitation, and procurement assistance. It also
promotes the growth of small enterprises through initiatives like Single Point
Registration for government purchases.
 Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI): SIDBI is a specialized financial
institution that focuses on the financing and development of micro, small, and
medium-sized enterprises. It provides financial products, credit facilities, and
venture capital funding to startups and SMEs across various sectors.

 Technology Business Incubators (TBIs): TBIs are organizations that support the
incubation and growth of technology-based startups. They provide infrastructure,
mentoring, networking opportunities, and access to funding for innovative
ventures. Examples of TBIs in India include the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs)
incubators, Atal Incubation Centers (AICs), and private sector incubators.
 Startup India: Startup India is a flagship initiative by the Indian government aimed
at promoting and nurturing startups in the country. It offers various benefits to
startups, including tax exemptions, simplified regulations, access to funding through
the Startup India Fund, and a network of incubators and accelerators.
 Industry Associations: Several industry associations, such as the Confederation of
Indian Industry (CII), Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
(FICCI), and National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM),
provide support and advocacy for businesses in specific sectors. They organize
events, workshops, and networking opportunities to facilitate knowledge sharing
and business collaborations.

 State-level Initiatives: State governments in India often establish their
own initiatives and institutions to support entrepreneurship and
SMEs. These may include state-level MSME departments,
entrepreneurship development cells, business facilitation centers, and
startup promotion programs.

A Center for Entrepreneurship Development
 A Center for Entrepreneurship Development typically aims to provide
a supportive environment, resources, and programs to encourage
entrepreneurship and assist entrepreneurs in starting and growing
their businesses.

 Training and Workshops: They conduct entrepreneurship development programs,
workshops, and skill-building sessions to enhance the entrepreneurial capabilities of
individuals. These programs cover topics such as business planning, market
research, financial management, marketing strategies, and legal and regulatory
aspects of starting and running a business.
 Business Incubation: Some centers offer business incubation services, providing
physical space, infrastructure, and mentoring support to startups during their initial
stages. Incubators typically provide access to shared facilities, networking
opportunities, access to investors, and expert guidance to help entrepreneurs refine
their business models and accelerate their growth.
 Access to Funding: Centers for Entrepreneurship Development may assist
entrepreneurs in accessing funding options, such as venture capital, angel investors,
or government-backed schemes and grants. They may connect entrepreneurs with
potential investors or guide them through the process of securing financial support.

 Mentoring and Networking: These centers often have a network of
experienced entrepreneurs, industry professionals, and mentors who
provide guidance and mentorship to aspiring entrepreneurs. They organize
networking events, mentoring sessions, and industry interactions to
facilitate knowledge sharing, collaboration, and partnerships.
 Business Support Services: Centers for Entrepreneurship Development may
offer various business support services, including market research, feasibility
studies, business plan development, legal and regulatory guidance,
intellectual property rights protection, and access to business advisory
services.
 Policy Advocacy and Research: Some centers also engage in research, policy
advocacy, and analysis related to entrepreneurship and economic
development. They contribute to shaping policies, providing
recommendations, and conducting studies to understand the challenges and
opportunities for entrepreneurship in the region.

NIESBUD - National Institute for Entrepreneurship and
Small Business Development
 NIESBUD stands for the National Institute for Entrepreneurship and
Small Business Development. It is an apex institution under the
Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Government of
India. NIESBUD is responsible for promoting entrepreneurship and
small business development in India through various training
programs, research initiatives, and policy advocacy.

 Entrepreneurship Training: NIESBUD offers a wide range of entrepreneurship
development programs and training courses for aspiring entrepreneurs, existing
entrepreneurs, and trainers in the field of entrepreneurship. These programs cover
various aspects of starting and managing a business, including business planning,
marketing, financial management, and skills development.
 Incubation Support: NIESBUD supports the establishment and functioning of
business incubators to nurture and mentor innovative startups and early-stage
ventures. It provides assistance in setting up incubators, developing incubation
policies, and organizing capacity-building programs for incubator managers.
 Research and Policy Advocacy: NIESBUD conducts research studies, surveys, and
analysis to identify emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities in the
entrepreneurship and small business sector. It contributes to policy formulation and
advocacy initiatives to create a favorable ecosystem for entrepreneurship in the
country.

 Training of Trainers: NIESBUD focuses on building the capacity of trainers and
faculty members involved in entrepreneurship development. It conducts programs
to enhance the skills and knowledge of trainers, enabling them to deliver effective
entrepreneurship training and support services.
 International Cooperation: NIESBUD engages in collaborations and partnerships
with international organizations, institutions, and agencies to promote
entrepreneurship and small business development. It participates in knowledge
exchange programs, joint research initiatives, and capacity-building projects at the
global level.
 Certification and Accreditation: NIESBUD provides certification and accreditation
for entrepreneurship training programs and institutes. It sets quality standards,
conducts assessments, and awards certifications to ensure the effectiveness and
credibility of entrepreneurship training initiatives.

Institutes of Entrepreneurship Development
There are several institutes in India that focus on entrepreneurship development and
offer programs and initiatives to support aspiring entrepreneurs. Here are some
prominent institutions for entrepreneurship development in India:
 Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII): EDII is a premier institute
dedicated to entrepreneurship education, research, and training. It offers various
programs, including a Post Graduate Diploma in Management - Business
Entrepreneurship (PGDM-BE), executive programs, and skill development courses.
EDII also provides incubation support, consultancy services, and conducts research
in the field of entrepreneurship.
 Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship (IIE): IIE, based in Guwahati, Assam, is an
autonomous organization under the Ministry of Skill Development and
Entrepreneurship. It offers entrepreneurship development programs, skill
development courses, and support services to entrepreneurs in the northeastern
region of India.

National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development
(NIESBUD): NIESBUD, as mentioned earlier, is an apex institute under the
Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. It focuses on
entrepreneurship training, research, policy advocacy, and support services.
NIESBUD conducts various training programs and offers certifications in
entrepreneurship.
Atal Incubation Centers (AIC): AICs are established under the Atal Innovation
Mission (AIM) of the Indian government. These incubation centers provide
mentoring, networking, and infrastructure support to startups across different
sectors. They are located in various educational institutions, research
organizations, and industry hubs across the country.

Indian School of Business (ISB): ISB is a leading business school in India with
campuses in Hyderabad and Mohali. It offers specialized programs and
initiatives for entrepreneurs, such as the Management Program for
Entrepreneurs and Family Businesses (MPEFB) and the Goldman Sachs 10,000
Women Entrepreneurs Program.
Xavier School of Management (XLRI): XLRI, located in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand,
offers programs like the Post Graduate Program for Certificate in
Entrepreneurship Management (PGP-CEM) and the Entrepreneurship
Development Program (EDP). These programs provide comprehensive training
and support for aspiring entrepreneurs.
Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS): NMIMS, based in
Mumbai, offers courses like the Diploma in Social Entrepreneurship, which
focus on social entrepreneurship and sustainable business models.

STEPs stands for Science and Technology
Entrepreneurs Park
 STEPs stands for Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park. STEPs
are specialized business incubators or parks that focus on fostering
innovation, entrepreneurship, and the commercialization of
technology-based ventures. They provide a supportive ecosystem for
startups and entrepreneurs working in science and technology
domains.

Entrepreneurs Park
 Infrastructure and Facilities: STEPs offer physical infrastructure and
facilities tailored to the specific needs of technology-based startups.
This includes office spaces, laboratories, research facilities,
equipment, and shared amenities.
 Incubation Support: STEPs provide incubation support to startups by
offering mentoring, guidance, and advisory services from experienced
professionals. They help entrepreneurs refine their business models,
develop prototypes, validate technologies, and navigate the
challenges of scaling up their ventures.

Entrepreneurs Park
 Access to Funding: STEPs assist startups in accessing funding through
various channels. They connect entrepreneurs with angel investors, venture
capitalists, and government schemes that provide financial support for
technology-driven ventures. STEPs may also offer seed funding or facilitate
partnerships with industry players.
 Networking and Collaboration: STEPs create opportunities for startups to
network, collaborate, and engage with industry experts, researchers, and
potential customers. They organize networking events, workshops,
seminars, and industry interactions to facilitate knowledge sharing,
partnerships, and business development.

Entrepreneurs Park
 Technology Transfer and Licensing: STEPs facilitate the transfer of technology from
research institutions to startups. They assist in securing intellectual property rights,
licensing technologies, and establishing collaborations between startups and
research institutions or academia.
 Training and Skill Development: STEPs offer training programs and workshops to
enhance the entrepreneurial and technical skills of startup founders and their
teams. These programs cover various aspects of business management, technology
commercialization, market research, and product development.
 Policy Advocacy and Research: STEPs contribute to policy advocacy and research
related to science and technology entrepreneurship. They work closely with
government bodies, industry associations, and academic institutions to shape
policies, provide recommendations, and promote the growth of technology-driven
startups.

National Alliance for Young Entrepreneurs (NAYE)
 It is a national level apex organization of young entrepreneurs. It assists in
promoting new enterprises through first generation entrepreneurs. NAYE
sponsored an Entrepreneur Development Scheme with Bank of India in
August 1972 on pilot basis. The scheme is known as BINEDS.
 It is operative in the states of Punjab, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and
Union Territories of Chandigarh and Delhi. NAYE has entered into similar
arrangement with Dena Bank, Central Bank Of India and Union Bank of
India.
 NAYE strives hard for upliftment of young entrepreneurs especially women.
It holds workshops, conferences, training programmes etc. to create
awareness in entrepreneurs.

Technical Consultancy Organizations (TCOs):
 A network of Technical Consultancy Organizations (TCOs) was
established by All Indian financial institutions in the seventies and the
eighties in collaboration with state-level financial/development
institutions and commercial banks to cater to the consultancy needs
of small industries and new entrepreneurs.
 At present, 17 TCOs are operating in various states, some of them
covering more than one state. These 17 TCOs are:

 1. Andhra Pradesh Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organization
Ltd. (APITCO).
 2. Bihar Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organization Ltd. (BITCO).
 3. Gujarat Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organization Ltd. (GITCO).
 4. Haryana-Delhi Industrial Consultants Ltd. (HARDISON).
 5. Himachal Consultancy Organization Ltd. (HIMCO).
 6. Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organization of Tamil Nadu Ltd. (SCOTT).
 7. Jammu and Kashmir Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organization Ltd. (J&KITCO).

 8. Karnataka Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organization Ltd. (KITCO).
 9. Madhya Pradesh Consultancy Organization Ltd. (MPCON).
 10. Maharashtra Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organization. Ltd. (MILTON).
 11. North-Eastern Industrial Consultants Ltd. (NECON).
 12. North-Eastern Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organization Ltd. (NESTICO).
 13. North-India Technical Consultancy Organization Ltd. (NEOCON).
 14. Orissa Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organization Ltd. (ORICON).
 15. Rajasthan Consultancy Organization Ltd. (RAJCON).
 16. U.P. Industrial Consultants Ltd. (UPICO).
 17. West Bengal Consultancy Organization Ltd. (WEB CON).

Functions:
 To prepare project profiles and feasibility profiles.
 To undertake industrial potential surveys.
 To identify potential entrepreneurs and provide them with technical and
management assistance.
 To undertake market research and surveys for specific products.
 To supervise the project and where necessary, render technical and
assistance.
 To undertake export consultancy for export-oriented projects based on modern
technology.
 To conduct entrepreneurship development programs.
 To offer merchant banking services.
 A summary view of the progress/performance of TCOs.

National Small Industries Corporation
 The National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) is a Public Sector
Undertaking (PSU) that comes under the purview of the Ministry of
Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises of India. It was set up by the
Government of India in 1955 to foster, promote, and aid the growth of
the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) in India.
 NSIC enhances the competitiveness of the MSMEs by facilitating
specially customized schemes while also offering integrated support
services in technology, marketing, support, and finance.

Schemes Offered by NSIC
Name of the Scheme Objective
Bank Credit Facilitation
To facilitate MSMEs in accessing credit
assistance from nationalised and private
sector banks
Raw Material Assistance
To offer financial support to the MSMEs for
the purchase of raw materials (imported and
exported) so that it can be used for
producing quality products
Single Point Registration Scheme
To provide a single point registration for
MSMEs to participate in various government
purchases

Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI):
 Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) established under Industrial
Development Bank of India Act, 1964, is the principal financial institution for
providing credit and other facilities for developing industries and assisting
development institutions.
The main functions of IDBI are discussed below:
 (i) To provide financial assistance to industrial enterprises.
 (ii) To promote institutions engaged in industrial development.
 (iii) To provide technical and administrative assistance for promotion
management or expansion of industry.
 (iv) To undertake market and investment research and surveys in connection
with development of industry.

IFCI (Industrial Finance Corporation of India)
IFCI (Industrial Finance Corporation of India) is a financial institution in
India that specializes in providing long-term financial assistance and
services to industrial projects in the country. It was established in 1948
under the Industrial Finance Corporation Act, 1948.

 Industrial Financing: IFCI focuses on providing financial assistance to
industrial projects in various sectors, including manufacturing,
infrastructure, services, and technology. It offers term loans, working capital
assistance, debt restructuring, and other financial products and services
tailored to the specific needs of industrial borrowers.
 Promoting Industrial Development: IFCI plays a role in promoting industrial
development in India by supporting the establishment and growth of
industries across different sectors. It provides financing for setting up new
projects, expanding existing operations, and modernizing industrial facilities.
 Project Appraisal and Financing: IFCI conducts project appraisal and
evaluation to assess the viability and feasibility of industrial projects seeking
financial assistance. It evaluates various aspects such as project viability,
technical feasibility, financial viability, market potential, and risk analysis
before deciding on financing terms.

 Term Lending and Syndication: IFCI extends term loans and also acts as a
lead arranger for syndicated loans to meet the financing requirements of
industrial projects. It collaborates with other financial institutions and banks
to arrange consortium financing for large-scale projects.
 Developmental Activities: IFCI engages in developmental activities to
support industrial growth and entrepreneurship. It provides advisory
services, technical assistance, and consultancy for project implementation,
financial restructuring, and rehabilitation of sick industries.
 Equity Investments: IFCI also participates in equity investments in select
industrial projects and companies, aligning its interests with the growth and
success of the invested entities. These equity investments provide IFCI with
an opportunity to contribute to the growth of promising businesses.

ICICI (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of
India)
 ICICI Bank, one of the largest private sector banks in India, has played a
significant role in supporting entrepreneurship and fostering the growth of
startups and small businesses in the country.
 Startup and MSME Banking: ICICI Bank offers specialized banking services
tailored to the needs of startups and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
(MSMEs). It provides customized banking solutions, including business
accounts, working capital finance, trade services, digital banking facilities,
and specialized loan products for startups and MSMEs.
 Startup Assistance Program: ICICI Bank has introduced a dedicated program
called "iStartup 2.0" to support startups at different stages of their lifecycle.
This program provides a range of banking and non-banking services, such as
access to mentors, industry experts, investors, co-working spaces, legal and
regulatory assistance, and digital solutions.

ICICI (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of
India)
 Collaboration with Incubators and Accelerators: ICICI Bank collaborates with various
incubators, accelerators, and entrepreneurship support organizations in India. It provides
financial products, mentorship, networking opportunities, and other resources to startups
associated with these organizations. This collaboration helps startups access a broader
ecosystem and avail themselves of relevant support services.
 Startup Loans and Credit Facilities: ICICI Bank offers loans and credit facilities specifically
designed for startups and entrepreneurs. These may include business loans, equipment
financing, working capital lines of credit, overdraft facilities, and credit cards. The bank
provides flexible repayment options and customized loan structures based on the needs of
startups.
 Digital Banking Solutions: ICICI Bank offers a range of digital banking solutions that benefit
entrepreneurs and small businesses. These solutions include online banking platforms, mobile
banking apps, payment gateways, and other digital tools that enable seamless financial
transactions, account management, and cash flow management.
 Collaborative Ecosystem: ICICI Bank actively engages with various stakeholders in the startup
ecosystem, such as venture capital firms, angel networks, industry associations, and
government agencies. It participates in events, initiatives, and networking platforms that
facilitate knowledge sharing, collaboration, and access to funding for startups.

RUDSETI (Rural Development and Self Employment
Training Institute)
 RUDSETI stands for Rural Development and Self Employment Training
Institute. It is an initiative established in India to promote rural
development and facilitate self-employment opportunities through
training and skill development programs. RUDSETIs are collaboration
efforts between public sector banks, state governments, and NGOs.

Training Institute)
 Objectives: RUDSETIs aim to provide training and support to rural youth,
women, and other underprivileged sections of society to enhance their
skills, entrepreneurship capabilities, and employability. The ultimate goal is
to create self-employment opportunities and promote rural development.
 Training Programs: RUDSETIs offer a wide range of training programs and
courses to impart entrepreneurial skills, vocational training, and technical
education. These programs cover various sectors such as agriculture, rural
industries, handicrafts, small-scale enterprises, and service sectors.
 Skill Development: RUDSETIs focus on building practical skills that are
relevant to rural areas. The training programs encompass topics like
agriculture and allied activities, animal husbandry, rural marketing, business
management, financial literacy, and communication skills.

Training Institute)
 Collaboration: RUDSETIs are typically established through collaborative
efforts between public sector banks, state governments, and NGOs. Banks
provide financial support, while state governments provide infrastructure
and other necessary resources. NGOs often play a key role in program
implementation and mobilizing beneficiaries.
 Support Services: RUDSETIs provide additional support services to aspiring
entrepreneurs. These may include guidance on project identification and
formulation, access to credit and financial services, business counseling,
marketing assistance, and post-training support to ensure successful
implementation of entrepreneurial ventures.

Training Institute)
 Rural Outreach: RUDSETIs are primarily focused on rural areas, aiming
to uplift the rural economy and create employment opportunities
locally. They actively reach out to remote and underserved regions to
ensure maximum impact and inclusivity.
 Certification and Recognition: Upon completion of the training
programs, RUDSETIs generally provide certification to participants.
These certifications validate the acquired skills and knowledge,
enhancing the participants' employability and credibility.

Rural Development and Human Development Training
Programs
 These training programs are typically organized by various
institutions, including government agencies, NGOs, academic
institutions, rural development organizations, and entrepreneurship
development institutes. They collaborate with local communities,
industry associations, financial institutions, and other stakeholders to
deliver comprehensive training and support for rural entrepreneurs.

Programs
 Entrepreneurship Education: These programs provide education and training on various aspects of
entrepreneurship, including business planning, market research, financial management, marketing
strategies, operations, and legal and regulatory requirements. The curriculum is designed to meet
the specific needs and challenges of rural entrepreneurs.
 Skill Development: Rural entrepreneurship training programs focus on building practical skills
relevant to the local context. This may include technical skills related to agriculture, rural industries,
handicrafts, or service sectors, as well as soft skills such as communication, leadership, problem-
solving, and networking.
 Business Incubation and Support: Some training programs may offer business incubation services
or ongoing support to participants. This includes providing access to mentoring, advisory services,
networking opportunities, and assistance in accessing finance or market linkages.
 Market Research and Identification of Opportunities: Participants are guided on how to conduct
market research to identify viable business opportunities in their local contexts. They learn how to
assess market demand, understand customer needs, analyze competition, and adapt their business
ideas accordingly.

Programs
 Access to Financial Resources: Training programs may educate participants about various financing
options available for rural entrepreneurs, such as government schemes, microfinance institutions,
banks, and community-based funds. Participants learn how to prepare business plans, financial
projections, and access capital for their ventures.
 Networking and Collaboration: Training programs facilitate networking opportunities among
participants, entrepreneurs, industry experts, and local stakeholders. This enables knowledge
sharing, collaboration, and access to potential partners, suppliers, customers, and mentors.
 Sustainable Development and Social Impact: Rural entrepreneurship training programs often
emphasize the importance of sustainable development and social impact. Participants are
encouraged to explore business models that address social or environmental challenges, create
employment opportunities, and contribute to the overall development of their communities.
 Post-Training Support: Some programs offer post-training support to participants, providing
ongoing guidance and monitoring to ensure the success and sustainability of their ventures. This
may include follow-up sessions, business clinics, and access to business development services.

Technology Transfer Programs
 Technology transfer programs in India are initiatives designed to
facilitate the transfer and commercialization of technology from
research institutions, universities, and other organizations to the
industry and market. These programs aim to bridge the gap between
research and practical applications, enabling the utilization of
innovative technologies for socio-economic development.

 Technology Development and Transfer Centers (TDTCs): TDTCs are established under the
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) in India. They facilitate the transfer of
technologies developed by national laboratories and research institutions to industries. TDTCs
provide services such as technology assessment, intellectual property protection, licensing, and
technology commercialization support.
 Technology Business Incubators (TBIs): TBIs are incubation centers that support technology-
driven startups and promote the commercialization of innovative technologies. They provide
infrastructure, mentoring, networking, and funding support to startups and entrepreneurs.
TBIs are often associated with academic institutions and research organizations.
 Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs): Many universities and research institutions in India have
established Technology Transfer Offices to manage the transfer of technologies and intellectual
property developed within their institutions. TTOs facilitate licensing agreements, patent filing,
industry collaborations, and commercialization of inventions.

 Atal Incubation Centers (AICs): AICs are established under the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), a
flagship initiative of the Indian government. AICs focus on fostering innovation and technology
transfer. They provide incubation support, mentoring, funding, and networking opportunities
to startups working on innovative technologies.
 Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Several public-private partnerships are formed to facilitate
technology transfer in India. These partnerships involve collaboration between government
agencies, industry associations, and private companies to leverage resources, expertise, and
networks for the successful commercialization of technologies.
 Technology Transfer Consortia: Technology Transfer Consortia are collaborative platforms
involving multiple research institutions and industry partners. These consortia aim to
streamline technology transfer processes, share resources, expertise, and facilitate
collaborative research and development projects.
 Government Initiatives: The Indian government has launched various initiatives to promote
technology transfer, such as the Technology Acquisition and Development Fund (TADF). TADF
provides financial support to Indian industries for acquiring and adopting foreign technologies.

Institutional Support to Entrepreneurship

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