1. SUPERVISION OF TEACHING AND
LEARNING
Instructional Leaderhip
( EDM 703 )
Faculty of Education
Lecturer : Prof. Dr. Gurnam Kaur Sidhu
Prepared By : Noor Azreen Jalaludin
Matric No : (UB 2013557299)

2. CONTENTCONTENT
 WHAT IS SUPERVISION
 PURPOSE OF SUPERVISION
 PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION
 ROLES OF SUPERVISOR
RESPONSIBILITIES
 TYPES OF SUPERVISION
 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF
SUPERVISION

3. CONTENT
Cont....

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
SUPERVISION

MAIN FOCUS IN SUPERVISION

6 MAJOR CONCEPTION OF
SUPERVISION IN THE MODERN
LITERATURE

ISSUES

4. TEACHING &
LEARNING
Teaching is a skill that can be improved
and teachers are at different
developmental levels.
Learning is commonly defined as a process
that brings together cognitive, emotional, and
environmental influences and experiences for
acquiring, enhancing, or making changes in one's
knowledge, skills, values, and world views
(Illeris, 2000; Ormorod, 1995).
Learning as a process focuses on what
happens when the learning takes place.

5. The success of a school depends on
supervision "is the function in schools that
draws together the discrete elements of
instructional effectiveness into whole-
school action"
According to Glickman Et Al (1998 )
SUPERVISIO
N

6. WHAT IS SUPERVISION
Supervision is a process
of facilitating the
professional growth of a
teacher primarily by giving
the teacher feedback
about classroom
interactions and helping
the teacher make use of
that feedback in order to
make teaching more
effective

7. cont...
“Supervision is assistance for
the improvement of instruction.
This definition allows supervision
to be viewed as a function and
process rather than a role or
position.”
Agree / Not agree
Why ?

8. Purpose of Supervision
Classroom teachers
 providing feedback
 identfying needs for staff
development
 identfying potential for
promotion
 conducting quality assurance
checks
 ensuring teacher motivation and
morale
 providing professional
support&guidance to the teacher
Management
(teacher is operating)
 attending to the welfare
of teachers
 checking on the
availability of teaching
learning materials.
 assessing staff levels
 promoting curriculum
change&innovation
 timetabling

9. Principles of Supervision
• 1. People must always understand clearly what is
expected of them.
• 2. People must have guidance in their work
(information, techniques enabling better work,
coaching, and personality improvement suggestions).
• 3. Good work always should be recognized.
• 4. Poor work deserves constructive criticism.

10. cont...
• 5. People should have opportunities to
show that they can accept greater
responsibility.
• 6. People should be encouraged to
improve themselves.
• 7. People should work in a safe and
healthful environment.

11. Supervisor's
 90% -guidance
10% - performance
appraisal
 Identfying the
potentials of
subordinates.

12. Role & Responsibilities of
Supervisor
• Supervisor is a
interlink between
management &
teachers/workers
"is a KEY person in any
organization"
"a person who
instructs,directs and control the
teachers in the performance
of their duties.

13. Roles & Responsibilities
Supervisor
Guidance
Motivator
Link
Listener
Coach/Communicator
Observe
Evaluator
Record
Plan
Analyze
Set an example

14. TYPES OF SUPERVISION
Clinical Supervision
Peer Review Supervision
Informal Supervision
Self Reflection Supervision
Administrative Supervision

15. • Harris and Bessent define supervision from
administrative perspective as :
• “what a school personnel do with
adults for the purpose of maintaining and
changing the operation of the school in
oerder to directly influence the attainment
of major instructional goals of the school.”

16. Who is Responsible to Supervisor ?
• Typical supervisors are school principals,
assistant principals, instructional lead
teachers, department heads, master
teachers, teachers, program directors,
central office consultants and coordinators,
and associate or assistant
superintendents.

17. Ethical Of Supervision
Respect for the
Dignity of Person
Responsible
Caring
Integrity in
Relationships
Responsibility to
Society

18. Main focus in Supervision
• Techical
• Clinical
• Personal
• Critical

19. Technical Competency
• Understanding of teaching approaches
• Specific skills
• Selection of content from curriculum
• class management /
• enhance your organization’s ability to
deliver quality supervision

20. Clinical Competency
• " face to face contact with teachers with
the intent of improving instruction and
increasing professional growth"
• develop new skill and strategies
• management/enhance your organization’s
ability to deliver quality supervision

21. Personal Competency
Self Awareness
Team dynamic
Professional Style
Interpretative Skills

22. Critical Competency
• Emphasizing quality
• make decisions in a critical
• make an ethical stance

23. At least six major conceptions of
supervision are found in the
modern literature:
1. Supervision as an act of administration
2. Supervision as an act of curriculum
3. Supervision as an instructional function
4. Supervision as an act of human relations
5. Supervision as management
6. Supervision as a generic leadership role.

24. ISSUES
- Most teachers
react defensively
and hostilely
towards
supervision.
- Most teachers view
supervision as a
threat.

25. cont...(Issues)
• Not focusing on the improvement ofNot focusing on the improvement of
instructioninstruction
• Not having a strong human relationshipNot having a strong human relationship
• Not preparing yet to help them in the studyNot preparing yet to help them in the study
of teachingof teaching

26. cont..
 Control
 Boring
 Paperwork
 Bureaucrat
 Authority
 Irrelevant
 Intimidating
 Stress
 Unrealistic

27. Summary
• Supervision is important in
teaching and learning
• Effective supervision is an important way
of improving staff performance and reducing
the time spent on school problems.

28. Good Suprvisor is a
powerful motivator

30. References:
• Teaching Supervision Chapter 37 by;Bernard J. Badiali
• Supervision of instruction by; Glickman,Carl D,Gordon
StephennP,and Ross Gardon (1998)
• Article by SM Kilminster & BC Folly U.K(2000)-Effective
Supervision in clinical practice
• Part 2, Chapter 1, Clinical Supervision and Professional
• http://www.faculty.londondeanery.ac.uk/e-
learning/supervision