New Energy Paradigm Analysis

(2017 update) Cold Fusion, Tesla,
Torsion Field, Scalar ”Wave", “Free
Energy”, Harvesting ZPE... = Really All
Pseudoscience?
Analysis of New Energy Paradigm, Including
Controversial & Questionable Claims of Tech
Efficiency, Non-Energy Applications, Lobby
Groups...
BEN RUSUISIAK
NEW NATURE PARADIGM TECH ANALYSIS
VANCOUVER, BC, CANADA, Updated May21, 2017
www.linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm

ABSTRACT: LENR-Cold Fusion is virtually accepted by mainstream(MS). While MS rejects "E-cat" claims on already
selling 1MW electricity LENR generator, now energy can be produced with basically free “fuel”. Thermodynamic
closed system based over-unity or Persistent Current/motion is officially observed in: quantum nano circuit,
beyond Shockley-Queisser limit solar cell, non-linear optic/laser/spintronics, time crystal, & magnetocaloric effects.
Academic taboo of vacuum photon extraction/electron fluctuation, Maxwell's demon, Quantum ratchet, Casimir
force harvesting micro electronic device, & 2nd law violation are now on MS science journals. Low cost magnet
/resonance based major emission reducers with 10%+ extra efficiency, Thermo Electric/Thermo Photo Voltaics
heat-to-energy systems, & high efficiency Waste-To-Fuel/Energy systems with, SuperCritical water, Catalytic, Cold
or Steam Plasma are starting to be deployed. Above might foreshadow first FULL science review of hyper energy
efficiency installation claims: e.g. 1-Extracting nano oscillation/radiant energy as electricity, 2-Counter EMF:
harvesting DC reverse voltage power, 3-Resonance catalyzed HHO/Oxy-hydrogen gas, 4-Cold plasma standing wave
creation of light/water/inert gas in cavity, 5-Compressed air & COP>1 heat exchanger converted to mechanical
power, 6-Catalyzed emulsion fuel with far beyond 50% H2O, 7-Hydrocarbon increased by photo-catalyzed O2
Nanobubble water & fuel emulsion, when infused with CO2 in room temp/ pressure. 8-Combined air-in-water
floating & gravity force, 9-Propellantless drive, 10-Hydro cavitation heater, 11-Betz limit excess hydro/wind
turbine, etc. They often seem to run on mechanics with common side effects official physics cannot explain & are
low cost, convertible to superior new techs that can foster , &
also can replace majority of propulsion, weather, medical, remediation, time dilation, algorithm, key mining-
industrial-farming processes-If officially full peer reviewed by MS science. Recent paradigm shift might allow
investigations on increasing testimonials about such “non-closed system pseudo science” R&Ds by groups across
Gov’t/Aerospace/Military/Intel agencies & private contractors, often hidden under secrecy law, to which above
organizations’ executives often have no access i.e "unacknowledged" projects(eg 1000+ classified inventions in
Enviro-Energy-Propulsion-Medical field exist amongst NATO allies). Yet there are efforts to partially disclose
unlimited energy & related tech as tiny-minority-controlled highly exclusive modality while same final effects can
be created by unexclusive relatively simple tech or mind/emotion based methods if a fraction of budget is spent.
Such new paradigm propagation would likely totally liberate mass from "dead-end public consumption science" &
education restricted by “centrally controlled science law”. From current vantage point, there is some possibility of
world dividing into roughly two different camps at both elites & general population: First group is more focused on
exclusive patent or machine/DNA controlled surveillance or physical effect creation to enable world influence by a
fraction of population. Second group tends to be more focused on low cost simple unexclusive tech or holistic
mind/emotion/biologically driven effect creation. Overall, MS commercialization by wide range of unlimited energy
production methods is inevitable, yet not only its economic impact but also who is going to be in control of
technological dominance & individual life would likely become a(covert) central issue in the coming yrs. 2

Contents: *mark shows most controversial/questionable issues
• p06 Science accepted high efficiency generators & free energy harvesters
• p75 Solar, Wind, & Hydro power efficiency beyond official science limit
p99 Still under-utilized vast Biomass, Waste-to-Energy, & Hydrocarbons
• p148 Ten categories of inventors' seeming “over-unity” claims
• p183 Commercialization attempts
• p194 Law of Thermodynamics interpretations, “Dissident” scientists
• p197 Scalar energy, Standing wave resonance, Torsion field
p242 Bioenergetic Torsion Field?: Remote View, Martial Art, Mentalists, Qigong..
• p286 "Copy & Paste" by Torsion/Scalar, Terahertz, FIR waves, Photo Catalysis,
p304 Highly anomalous ORMUS
• p320 LENR/Cold Fusion update, Losers & Gainers by its success
• p335 Reduced suppressions, energy paradigm smooth transition models
• p345 Radical impact of accepting inventor tech: Medical, Industrial, Gravity..
• p387 *Tech disclosure impact on mainstream credibility on other issues
• p407 *ZPE related outrageous claims & controversial tech lobby accusations
• p488 Free Energy Summary/Recommendations still thought as far-fetched 3
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

Qualification of information
• This presentation primarily focuses on less known but latest science consensus forming
technologies on strict effect basis, while a bulk of highest efficiency low cost techs & a
majority of "outrageous" or controversial claims category contradict predominant view,
especially of Wikipedia & Western media/NGOs. Hence attendants/readers are
recommended to re-assess the data individually.
• Regarding Controversial But Future Critical Technologies Discussed:
■ Term “Free energy” or “Over-unity” in this presentation is defined as seeming as if:
-1 Drawing more energy than existing or continuous motion with no energy input.
-2 “Work is done” by other than Thermodynamic Free Energy: open system symptom.
-3 Using free material generally not considered as fuel.
■ Inventors-scientists-witnesses: their claims might involve higher likelihood of:
-4 Fabrication, reliability exaggeration, or statistical error chance of observed effect.
-5 Significant quality gap between inventions, yet -
-6 At least collective majority seems to consistently produces claimed effects.
• Currently more detailed reference list is being produced & will be published separately:
Most effects quoted have accumulative-consistent
evidence from unrelated era & source, but mechanics & categorization are hypothetical.
Commercialized company/products are shown in Boldface Dark Blue. Due to space
constraints, referenced individuals names are given only last name or part of first name
unless web search identification becomes difficult(often non-Western names are given
in full), & company names are listed in a way that is findable by internet search.
4

5
• This is a Part 1 of 2 Files. You might visit below link for Part 1(p1-285)
& 2(p286-498) in one file. Also note slideshare presentation quickly
becomes outdated as it doesn't allow re-upload unlike below.
• At ISSUU:
• https://issuu.com/newnatureparadigm/docs/energy_2017-
july11
• Or SCRIBD:
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/227644705/2016-UPDATE-Cold-fusion-
Tesla-Scalar-wave-Torsion-field-Free-energy-Over-unity-Really-All-
Pseudo-Science-A-New-Paradigm-Energy-Trigger-b
• Or CALAMEO:
• http://en.calameo.com/read/0048384130fe2dc3ff3dd
• Thank you. Ben Rusuisiak.

Quest for “Free Energy”: 1
CLAIMS STARTED well before 1800S
6
• Main academia/media in mid-late 1800s forecasted commercialized free energy
by early 1900s, 1- Free Ground Earth Battery regularly demonstrated self
charging or inducing electricity capacity in low moisture, also power generation
efficiently of two-points-voltage gap depends on location(Snow, Lockwood,
Wilkins, Dieckmann, Strong, Bain, Edard, Haworth, Bear, Mellon,Hicks, Cerpaux,
Garratt, Lamont +); invention rush for telegraph use, Along with strong claims of
pre-dated telephony & wireless(Meucci, Stubblefield, Tesla+), 2- Low cost
Vaccumized Air/Compressed Air engine/residential-industrial system,
Trompe/Water Pumps also widely used in France etc(Rix, Mekarski, Hardie,
Hoadley, C Hodges+)
• Non earth battery free energy claims mixed: General lack of information to tell
degree of actual physical effects from fabrication, some can be valid, Involved
mainstream scientists till early 1900s, yet no widely known commercialization
• Science legal 1&2 disappeared from schooling/research while other types of free
energy & repeated side effects in combination didn’t fit with “science package”
then & now; gradually became irrelevant/pseudo science along with other more
natural & less exclusive technologies(non-allopathic or electro medicine, hemp,
hydrogen/electric car etc) which matched major business-financial lobby interest
then.

Quest for “Free Energy” 2: Towards Modern Era
• Same mechanics & side effects were repeated by unrelated inventors, but actual linear
progress was often limited to recent Western academia(LENR, Cavitation), Also Russia-
Soviet had development(Cavitation, Torsion, Ion heater, Ultrasonic, EM pulse).
• Boiled down to 10 or so base mechanics(p148-182) with similar tendency:
a➢ Often energy is ”triggered in” by rapid change in pressure-voltage-spin, pulse,
plasma-magnetic field, cavitation, transmutation, anomalous electron movement
causing/caused by standing wave resonance, or antioxidant prone "field effect", link to
quantum coherence, b➢ Manifest as anomalous cooling/heat, water hammer,
vibration coupling, electrical breakdown, spike, surge, implosion, spontaneous corona
discharge, ball lightning, vortex, harmonics, similar to Electron Avalanche, Field
Emission effect etc, treated as short circuit etc., c➢ Seemingly influenced by cosmo-
geophysical factors, but avoided by using extra energy, d➢ "Static Electricity" is more
like high voltage, can flow, & useable for industrial electricity, e➢ Mainstream
insistence on defending clear flaws in Electromagnetic Induction law
• i.e. not closed system?; device efficiency fluctuates, by time-location, orientation,
altitude etc; similar to ground-earth battery, In rare cases emotion seems to
affect(Dan Davidson, O Carr, J Keely, Ra Ring, Th Ludwig, Vogel, Seelhofer, R Schild,
Adam Trombly+)
• Occasional scientific rift:1- Mainstream Western scientist & Western Media/NGOs vs
2- Inventor, sidelined & Non-Western scientist(Russia, China+), Some mainstream
scholars in West as exception(Austria, Italy, France+) 7

Science-Accepted “Free Energy” Microcurrent
Harvesting
• FREE ENERGY TYPES; increasingly actively commercialized (indicated by dark
blue color letters),
MICRO CURRENT ENERGY HARVESTERS(technically dated turbine based
smart water meter water flow harvester[also gas meter], or across the board
full mainstream use wind & solar type micro current generator is not covered
in this presentation(eg indoor use calculator).
• Generally negligible as industrial power. Most of them are commercialized
after yr 2000. Used for switches, sensors, meters(structural integrity monitor,
industrial, logistics, transportation, equipment), IoT(Internet of Things),
remote monitoring segment use etc: Perpetually Powered Systems. Often
auto Wireless Transmission function is built in as one of key benefits.
• This is currently one of most rapid progress energy generation efficiency &
use in commercialization along with industrial use solid state electrical
generator from heat, electronics manufacturing, solar power, & energy saving
waste water/desalination process.
8

Science-Accepted “Free Energy” 2
Microcurrent Harvesting II
• -->>continued: FREE ENERGY TYPES; increasing actively commercialized
exceptions: Micro Current Energy Harvesters:
• Focus in this application is to have sufficient power generation for the
device and not necessarily high efficiency. Devices only produce very small
power but there are relevancies & relations to other much larger macro
scale "energy harvesting" mechanics covered in presentation. Some
mechanics with relatively easy industrial electrical generation potential in
this segment are marked as #
• Often use of metamaterials(engineered structure to increase wave-
vibration resonance amplifying for harvesting etc), even
MEMS(MicroElectroMechanical System) now works in very low freq. of
under 30hz with S shaped cantilever etc(Huicong Liu +), or increase wide
band reception compared to resonance devices with only small number of
limited frequencies are harvested.
• Often ROI comes at first time replacement of battery or fizzled wire for
sensors especially in remote or difficult to reach locations. -->>cont:
9

Low Temp Micro ThermoElectric
exceptions, Micro Current Energy Harvesters:
• Often ROI comes at equivalent of when first time replacement of battery or fizzled
wire for sensors is required, especially in remote or difficult to reach locations.
Many devices combine multiple mechanics to maintain required electrical supply
level. Free energy harvesting micro devices are generally not frequently reported
in newspapers or energy saving publications due to micro electrical nature, but
products are available for very wide range of sensoring/actuating applications.
Some cases there is no differentiator to long lasting battery system(eg self
charging tire sensor for non-commercial vehicle). Many companies sell "Evaluation
Kit" to test out. Following 1-14 main methods are listed as general representative
energy scavenging methods.
1 # Low temperature dif.(1-20°C) Thermoelectric device(industrial type
generator version at p50-53): easily made as garage project with high
performance Seebeck effect parts(A Makosinski+) & commercialized for consumer
market prior to current industrial use micropower in 1990s and withdrawn(Citizen
Eco-Drive Thermo, Seiko Thermic), more recent consumable types(Fujitsu,
Yamaha had test products, Vodaphone: PowerPocket+), Latest consumer watch
market debut (Matrix Industries+). Can be woven into fabric(KAIST South
Korea+)(Gr Moriarty+), mass produceable by easy printing(AIST Japan+). 10

Thermoelectric, Piezoelectric
exceptions, Micro Current Energy Harvesters: 1 ThermoElectric:
• Relatively significant penetration for mainstream industrial monitoring use
last several yrs(Micropelt, EnOcean, Laired Technologies, Marlow Industries,
Perpetua Power Source+), fair number of bio sensor focus companies(MC10
inc+), thin micro device for wearables(Thermogen Technologies+), but super
high density harvester by combo with solar in wristwatch format is shelved?
(EnergyBionics Carbon: Ebersold+). Low cost printed super thin material that
is capable of micro current to industrial size electricity conversion from
heat(Otego GmbH+). Overall this sector is filled with many players existing in
West.
2 # Piezoelectricity/Acoustoelectric effect(material directly produces
electricity when deformed, most widely commercialized in microcurrent
generator types), Often use Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) or Zinc Oxide (ZnO),
PZT: Lead zirconate titanate. Following elements are often relevant to
majority of microcurrent generation by ambient scavenging(other than piezo
methods). -->>cont:
11

Piezoelectric ii Micro & Macro
• -->>continued: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Micro Current Energy Harvesters: 2
Piezoelectricity:
• ●Usually takes cantilever of bimorph or unimorph(one electricity producing
piezo layer) generator with magnetic tip to interact with fixed two magnets of
above & below. To maximize resonance tuning of wide range or many
frequencies(to amplify energy harvesting), multimorph/multilayer or cantilever
array located side by side row is arranged.
• ●But for non-linear frequency harvesting(non-repetitive vibration) focus,
resonance might be avoided: Stochastic Bi-stable or Multi stable, cantilever
with magnetic tip to interact with one magnet at fixed position that is same
"height" as extension of cantilever. Also might use buckled beam with with
both ends clamped with middle.
• Parametric resonance(not set to narrow frequency resonance emphasis
but incorporating non-linear movements: non periodic one time only
unique arbitrary motion is ok) type non linear inductance-capacitance of
piezo vibration: eg Velocity Damped Resonant Generator(VDRG) by EM
damping, Coulomb Damped Resonant Generators(CDRGs) by electrostatic
damping. Can be combined with other methods such as electromagnetic
induction.
12

Piezoelectric III Commercialized e.g.
• -->>continued: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Micro Current Energy Harvesters: 2
Piezoelectricity:
• ◆ Generally wide range of vibration is harvested as energy (ReVibe Energy,
Mide Volture, Arveni fr+), ◆Battery combo emphasis (Linear Technology+),
◆Switch focus(Algra Group+), ◆ Automobile distance warning (Ceratec
Engineering Corporation+), ◆Automatic parking space broadcaster
(ParkHere GmbH), ◆High power density(MicroGen Systems MSM,
AdaptivEnergy RLP, 8power+), ◆Footsteps use for surveillance device
(Pavegen+), ◆AAA battery self charging battery or 10sec shaking 3mins
lighting LED flashlight was taken out of market quickly( )
• ◆Large industrial power is possible: 200kw+/km production at busy hwy
became possible with multi-stacked structure(Edery-Azulay/Innowattech),
Polyvinylidene Fluoride(PVDF) based flexible Piezoelectric -
FerroElectric(electrically polarized material) polymer woven fabric +
photovoltaic coating(El Siores /FibrLec). ◆Others: Wearables(Flexous BV -
Kinergizer+), Tire sensor for transport or mining trucks (Transense,
SilentSensors+), Spray paint on surface to make it a generator
(www.munekata.jp/eh/), 13

Piezoelectric IV Variations
• -->>continued: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Micro Current Energy Harvesters:
2 Piezoelectricity: Others:
• PVDF based /pyroelectric/thermoelectric & Piezoelectric functioning soft thin
polymer film (Kureha Kagaku), Self charging by human motion Small flashlight(
- +)
Pacemaker sensor from heartbeat(KAIST, smart-MEMPHIS Silex [enhanced
harvesting by MEMS PZT: Lead zirconate titanate]+), People movement surveillance
by step-in mattress tracking( ),
• SOME OF OTHER PIEZO, PIEZO LIKE MECHANICS, or SYNERGIZED COMBO:
i -ElectroStrictive Polymer(change shape or lengthen under electric field or vice
versa, significant degree of actuation occurs by electricity applied & used for
artificial muscle) for much increased efficiency(Mcknight & Mcginnis+) even if
electric field needs to be generated for power harvesting(eg electret perpetually
emits E field), likely already in military use for much higher macro level power
generation.
• Ii -Simiar to above "i" but very soft super stretchable Dielectric Elastomer is low
cost material and useable for wave/hydro energy(Softgen Univ Auckland+): 1w per
human step range. 0.1mm thick elastic rubber paper like "power generating
rubber" with 2 to 10 times higher efficiency than conventional piezo
material(Ricoh), 14

--• >>con&nued: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Micro Current Energy Harvesters:
2 Piezoelectricity: OTHER PIEZO, PIEZO LIKE MECHANICS or combo:
• iii -Radio Frequency harves2ng by piezo system with can2lever
system(Mahmoud Al Ahmad+), iv-In a way the same thing but what is fully
categorized Acous2c Metamaterial can maximize piezo electricity producAon by
impedance matching surface, or coiling up structure of labyrinthine units
(Shuibao Qi+), or membrane types(Junfei Li+), & can range 15-20%+
efficiency(Guancong Ma+), while also can funcAon as effecAve sound
absorber/insulator simultaneously.
• v-Far more minute level vibraAon sensiAve Nanostructure or
NanoWire/NEMS(NanoElectroMechanical Systems) can be much more efficient
than convenAonal piezoelectric (KAIST: Keon Jae Lee+),
vi• -Other mechanical combinaAon are explored and deemed to have advantages:
Shape Memory Alloy(SMA, by temperature change)(p73,74), Magne2c Shape
Memory Alloy(MSMA)(AdaptaMat Oy: MSMA without piezo combo),
vii-Coupling of Helmholz caviAes in addiAon to regular canAlever beams to
amplify resonance(frequency matching)(D Ezhilarasi+), Or with duel
canAlever(Ping Li+), Or paired caviAes to further augment an order of magnitude
larger energy harvest and 4Ames higher voltage(Xiao Peng+) than already
increased power by a cavity itself. 15
Science-Accepted 8 Piezoelectric V EM Induction

3 ElectroMagnetic Induction from vibration or motion: magnet oscillates on
cantilever/spring with coil wrapping it around to generate electricity from
ambient sound or vibration (Perpetuum, Adamant jp, Star Micronics,
MicroStrain +), using oscillating move/EM field of outside of device using
rotating or vertical motion(Joulefusion+), Focus on low end 5hz frequency
recovery for spotting personnel & harvesting energy in office/factory(Mono-
wireless+): eg walking sound on carpet. Random directional motion into
rotational energy to drive generator, similar to gyro mechanics(Witt Energy+):
this company aims for industrial size generator. Human motion based battery
charger for phones(AMPY Live Charged),
4 # Ambient & purpose-broadcasted RF wave frequency Harvester & Rectenna:
Harvests electromagntic wave usually Radio Frequency range & convert to DC
electricity(This section deals up to 10Ghz. As for 10-30,000Ghz range
Rectenna[Terahertz & Far InfraRed], see p68 •j for industrial sized electricity
generation). Some can only Harvest from purpose intended directed
broadcaster-receiver set, as well as inadvertent 10m range 3rd party strong
signal(Cymbet EnerChip, ZF Switches & Sensors, Nowi Energy+).
16
EM Induction

Science-Accepted “Free Energy” 10 RF rectenna
4 # Ambient & purpose-broadcasted RF wave frequency Harvester & Rectenna:
• But actually far away ambient radio wave(from WiFi, wireless phone, power
line, lightning or RF range electric motor noise etc) harvester did exist from
yr2000s(RCA Airpower, withdrawn twice after media debunking, probably
consumer directed marketing exaggerated debunker reaction as happens often
for disruptive energy tech), and now available again(Drayson Freevolt,
PowerCast Corp, Nikola Labs+), Much more robust battery charger for dual
mode low frequency EM field & high frequency WiFi wave(DennisSiegel.de).
• Resonance based amplified industrial level electricity harvesting is approved
by Philippine' gov't(Ismael Aviso) but western media level pseudoscience.
Multiple invention "free energy" engineers often includes this method(Moray,
Tesla+). Note higher freq Thz/FIR level industrial power harvesting is officially
science ratified(p68).
• There are wide range of RF scavenging methods available but technology is
really simple especially for non micro sized system(eg see next page Crystal
radio): Generally lab recovery efficiency to electricity as of 2016 is at least 70%+
and some are reaching unity level: "Full absorption" idea or 90+% recovery
already at single Ghz range frequency and continues up to Thz/FIR(Almoneef &
Ramahi, Emr Karakaya, Fur Dincer+),(but media level pseudoscientization of this
claim occurs). -->>cont:
17

• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY; Micro Energy Harvesters: 4 RF Wave Harvester:
• Crystal radio set up(one popular type is antenna coil and inductive tuning
coil[no antenna is also possible], speaker is usable without outside power)
has wide band harvesting capability & many home made large device can
have much higher than micro device harvesting capability.
• Some focus on increasing power by Ultra-broadband EM induction or Piezo-
Electromagnetic or multiple vibration mode EM induction, etc(EnerBee+)
• HIGH VOLTAGE POWER LINE scavenging: Near field high power line's EM
field flux directly or, Additionally generating vibration with interaction of
device magnet with EM field to harvest extra energy from piezoelectric
effect(Hosseinimehr & Tabesh+) etc, for self powered electric current
transmission monitoring purpose: mostly Wireless Powerline
Sensor(Sentient Energy IBOLT, USi Power Donut+), low power amp
working(Aclara Tollgrade LightHouse), or advanced monitoring(INCON
GridSense Line IQ, Lindsey Transmission Line Monitor+): This application is
full mainstream use in some regions/industry power monitoring segments
while almost none in others -->cont:
18
Science-Accepted “Free Energy” 11 RF rectenna

High Voltage Line, Earth Magnetic Field
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Micro Current Energy Harvesters: 4 RF
Wave Harvester: HIGH VOLTAGE POWER LINE scavenging:
• Underwater submerged power line harvesting(Dyden Corporation+): this
company also makes usually minute current limited ElectroStatic Induction
harvester boosting with resonance(frequency matching) use for 6-12V max
6W workable constant harvesting(from 500kv, 6.5m away AC line). House
level voltage line monitoring(Panoramic Power+). Harvesting from high
power line is also easiest method as capacitive coupling as well as RF crystal
radio reception method, some seem to do illegally "steal or burrow power"
from semi far field(10-50m) away with home made device. Same induction
can be made from near radio station transmitter,
• Also this induction of fluxing/changing magnetic field enables Power Factor
Correction device that can reduce not only Apparent Power billed industrial
electricity, but even Actual Power billed residential electricity cost(p150),
but latter effect is still pseudoscience in Western mainstream. YET, basically
same mechanics based super high efficiency induction power harvester from
Florescent light inverter, to operate surveillance camera & video transmission
both is quietly commercialized in Japan for last 10yrs(Nippon Denki - NEC),
-->>cont: 19

Earth Mag Field, Large power
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Micro Current Energy Harvesters:
4 RF Wave Harvester: Geo Magnetic Field:
• EARTH MAGNETIC FIELD(Geo Magnetic field:GMF) or RELATED AMBIENT
LOW FREQUENCY RESONANCE(7-50hz) use as base mechanics: can be very
large dimension(1-1000m long) Electrodynamic Tether can generate
significant industrial electricity by fast moving conductive long wire against
earth magnetic field(Tether Unlimited+), But this mainstream explanation
might not be main reason for its workability: less to do with GMF but
generally more to do with voltage gradient in troposphere, & solar wind-
cosmic ray is fluctuating GMF & existence of highly charged air particles
with extreme temperatures at thermosphere(where tether is mostly used)?
• Tire equipped coil generates micropower as car is driven & tire
rotates(Infineon Technologies AG). One manufacturer commercialized self
charging LED flashlight claiming by GMF interaction but seemingly over
promising fast chargeability to cause low ratio customer satisfaction(ADGEX
ELFE): harvesting method is not explained clearly, and static GMF
advertising might be more of a gimmick, and bulk might come from tapping
RF waves or even ambient vibration. -->>cont:
20

Earth Mag Field, Micro Power
4 RF Wave Rectenna: Geo Magnetic Field:(GMF):
GMF energy harvester type of products are well within easy commercialization by
using mainstream science accepted or tacitly non-debunked GMF energy
harvesting mechanics in multiplication. Some such examples are given in following
a-f:
• a-Medical sensor energy harvester(Ferro Solutions Inc: Jiankang Huang, O'Handley
et al), b-Amplification of general ambient electric field time variance harvesting:
Alternating conductive and dielectric layer film coupled by capacitor of
resonance RLC circuit (Resistor-Inductor-Capacitor)(Tao & Owhadi): similar
mechanics as "Orgone energy accumulator" layering(p372)
• c-Even conservative mainstream science group admits solely GMF based static
electrical generation is possible by use of electro-conducting cylindrical shell of
manganese zinc ferite(Chyba & Hand+), d- Schumann freq level resonance focus
amplifying, using Casimir oscillation amplification type capability: Quantum
Oscillator(see next page "f"), e-Actually most of self charging Flashlight type device
energy scavenging can come from non earth resonance: high power line(50-60hz
etc), or radio wave(0.5-30mhz)/wifi(2-4ghz) induction etc, or completely different
harvesting methods can be combined. -->>cont:
21

Casimir Force & Nano Oscilla>on
4 RF Wave Rectenna: Earth Magnetic Field/Geo Magnetic Field:(GMF):
• f-1 This might be deemed as side information but minute oscillations like
even Casimir force(vacuum fluctuation, Zeropoint energy relation) is
measurerable by microcantilever(Mohideen+), Successful Casimir force
driven device since 2001 is completely ignored even by scientific
media(Fed Capasso: Lucent Technologies/Bell Lab+): basically Casimir
force is consistently harvestable as energy by MEMS/NEMS
(NanoElectroMechanical Systems)(Dum Caruntu+), While Casimir and
van der Waals forces are agreed to be main reason for stiction failure of
MEMS cantilever(Mic Serry+),
• Needs proper consideration for its major role in nano-generator
design(Raf Ardito+): e.g. when membranes work in vacuum without
capillary forces (Jian-Ning Ding+). But Casimir force itself is reversible by
using NEMS(D Lopez[ANL]+) etc(neg refractive index material), & even
can cause nano levitation(Ulf Leonhardt, Fed Capasso+), actual electrical
generation by causing amplified vibration based on non linear pairing of
casimiar force oscillation(Mead & Nachamkin+) -->>cont: 22

Casimir Force & Power Harvesting
4 RF Wave Harvester: Earth Magnetic Field/Geo Magnetic Field:(GMF):
• f-2 Progressive end of mainstream academics get patent on MEMS or nano
polymer used Casimir force extraction KWh level electrical generator with some
mainstream funding(Jovion Corp: Moddel & Haisch). Similarly, Casimir cavity's
energy gap between inside & outside should be able to be used for energy
extraction as well as gravity control?(Calloni & Di Fiore et al+)
• f-3 "Nano" Oscillation based Brownian Ratchet or Ambient Thermal noise
harvesting are all workable: Minority conservative end of mainstream academic
stance or media level science asserts still such nano level oscillation is
impossible to harvest as ratchet rotation even if oscillation exists(R Feynman+),
but it is actually extracted as energy by rectification(Astumian+). Now
experimental results on various quantum fluctuation is finally accepted in
academic papers as “true"(p347)
23

Magnetostric9ve/Electrosta9c
5 # MagnetoStrictive Material(MsM) creates magnetic field when changes its
shape, hence causes time varied magnetic field with vibration, & this is picked up as
electricity by coil around it(Ferro Solutions Inc, Moritex Corporation, Shonan-
metaltec+), Dielectric epoxy covered high impact useable generator(Tohoku Steel+),
Batteryless wireless mouse by thermoelectric harvesting combo(Seiko Instruments+)
• Galfenol based(alloy of iron and gallium) or Terfenol's latest version is order of
magnitude more efficient vibration energy harvester(20-30% range as a result) than
conventional piezoelectric material & material lasts much longer due to no
degradation or becoming brittle due to piezo vibration(Tos Ueno+).
• Similar Ferrofluid based energy harvester is also deemed highly effective: while
effectively absorbing vibration,
6 Electrostatic Induction from vibration: Generally power is produced by
conversion of oscillation to changed positioning or distance between electrodes:
varying capacitance. Some involve electret(dielectric material with semi permanent
electron polarization state). Can be very low cost with no magnets or piezo
material(Omron - THHINK Wireless Technologies - Konishiyasu+), Walking motion
sensor by unique rotating generator by use of electret(Hokuriku Electric Industry)
-->>cont:
24

Triboelectric TENG - Intro
7 # TriboElectric NanoGenerator(TENG): TriboElectricity/Contact
Electrification is utilized as newly announced tech in 2011(Zhong Lin Wang).
Harvest energy effectively in wide bandwidth from both minute contact
electrification & electrostatic induction, Invention increased usable efficiencies
from less than 1% to max 50-60+% in few yrs from both regular & irregular
motions, with near future industrial power application unless blocked by other
groups or research goes classified:
• Unique mechanics: for example, leading devices often have multiple power
generation modes:
• i-two different material based electrodes surface-touching & detaching, ii-
sliding, iii-direct skin contact, rain drop or air flow etc on device
surface(single electrode mode), iv- "Free standing layer": Pair of
symmetric electrodes is located below a dielectric layer, and the size of the
electrodes and the gap distance between them are of same order as size of
the moving layer, & when this layer approaches or distances electricity
flows between electrodes. -->>cont:
25

Tribo TENG II Commercializa@on
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY; Micro Current Energy Harvesters: 7 TriboElectric (TENG):
Initially there was a major technical challenge: power could not be used as is for micro
device since power is generated as AC(alternative current) and intermittent, hence
required a battery/capacitor. But due to TENG's high voltage with low amp(i.e. high
impedance), there was problem to connect effectively with capacitor(low impedance,
hence lose most of power without storing).
• This impedance mismatch problem was solved by two capacitor system to run micro
device from non linear motions like intermittent human tapping, also deployed with
other tribo mechanics: Hybridizing with EM induction or piezo polymer etc(
+), 30x30cm walk-on people traffic pad that costs $20, generates up to 10W
by each step(Touchlight Innovations: Swa Pujari), Shifting business focus into tribo
from piezo type product line( +),
• Wide range of tribo mechanics & functions has been successful at least experimentally:
Water inside pencil size TENG for human motion type non-linear stimulation(Dong Sung
Kim et al), Enclosed vibration harvester functionable under water or in snow, Cylindrical
rotating types, Transparent version to generate power from rain drops to complement
solar cell to maintain electricity generation during rain day & night(Li Zheng et al).
Some organizations focus on trying out new applications in commercialized
environment including low maintenance air filter(Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy &
Nanosystems: Zhong Lin Wang - ). -->>cont:
26

Tribo Teng III Varied Mechanics
7 TriboElectric (TENG):
• Triboelectric-Pyroelectric-Piezoelectric hybrid cell nano generator(Yunlong Zi+),
TENG is low cost & also suitable to harvests air-water flow/wave(Yuanjie Su+),
Wind recovery Flutter-Driven Triboelectric Generator(Jihyun Bae[SAIT:Samsung
Advanced Institute of Technology]+). Preventing metal corrosion while
generate energy at water-metal contact area(Xiaoyi Li+)(see p29 on how ionic
movement within still water inside of device generates power instead of
kinetic motion) or as human clothing (Sang-Woo Kim+) etc
• LIGHTNING POWER HARVESTING(though this is macro scale and TENG
unrelated): Not only thunderstorm but snow/sand storm should be also linked
to triboelectricity effect(RJ Latham, EY Tkachenko+): Triple layered structure to
increase recovery of lightning power to 20+% and with battery to work as a
energy system from lab test(Jeong Min Baik: UNIST), Inventor's small lab test
results(Steve Leroy+), Field tested small scale device(Mohd Farriz
Basar[UTeM]+) etc, this is western media debunked. Also there seems to be
some similar element to Orgone effect: p372. -->>cont:
27

Tribo Teng IV Future Poten<al
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY; Micro Current Energy: 7 TriboElectric (TENG):
• TriboElectric electricity generation is done in more flexible way in higher efficiency
than most other methods with easy scalability to mega size - even to the extent to
become significant enough world wide electrical source along with conventional
ElectroMagnetic Induction Generator(EMIG), also will be suitable for Self
powered desalination, Self hydrogen production etc(Zhong Lin Wang, Guang
Zhu+)
• 1m2 of Electrical Double Layer(EDL: two parallel layers of electrons formulate
between water and solid matter) mechanics can sustainably produce 0.46kw/ of
power(Jinsung Chun et al), Modulation of EDL to generate power(Jong Kyun Moon,
YoungJun Yang+) or 1m2 of best single layer material can produce up to 1.2kw.
• Unique Western mainstream treatment on TENG is that this tech hasn't been
debunked from day 1 by media despite other similar degree of economically
paradigm shifting performances are usually discredited or ignored(most disruptive
element of TENG industrial power generation is deemphasized) hence poses more
growth potential than other equally high efficiency mechanics such as
Magnetothermal, ElectroMagnetic wave heat harvesting(FIR/THZ), or
ReverseElectroWetting generator in this micro generator segment. Significant
backing of Chinese State and a university in US(Georgia Tech) -->>cont: 28

Thermal Ionic Movement
8 # Small water flow or even Thermal Ionic fluctuation ONLY in still water
can be harvested as electricity by Graphene/CarbonNanotube etc(or
TriboElectricity-II, cross over with Triboelectric TENG but with mechanics
more focused on Ionic movement(also see p33 ■10 Ambient thermionic
movement). Not commercialized and less cohesive development. This
effect has been discussed amongst academics since 2001. Various
experimental devices with Ionic Liquid or deionized water used generators
both with basically same results. Most common type are 8a and 8b:
• 8a-Pure water movement on graphene etc generates power by charge
separation: when water droplet moves on flat surface/micro channels
droplet is positively charged and matter surface is negatively charged causes
electron to flow(Siowling Soh, Soon-Hyung Kwon, VI Petrik+), Single wall
graphene has much higher power than double/triple etc(Sha Ghosh+),
Water-ethanol mix in graphene form(Wenbin Huang et al+). -->cont:
29

Thermal Ionic Move, Ionic Liquid
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Micro Current Harvesters: 8 Thermal
Ionic fluctuation ONLY in STILL ROOM TEMP WATER:
• Slightly different but Water evaporation driven ElectroScavenging
effect generator by charge separation & power harvesting(Rub
Borno+): this also relates to advanced non cloud seeding weather
modification(for more details go to this link [four levels of..]and search
"ElectroScavenging"),
• 8b-Salt/Ionic liquid(conductive, includes water) on graphene etc
mechanics is only slightly different from deionized water; friction is
generated between water flow and ions(Nik Koratkar+), ionic liquid is
conductive but graphene conducts electricity faster than
electrolyte(ionic liquid) so electricity still flows through prepared circuit
with asymmetric electrodes etc.(Sta Skafidas, Weijie Kong+), Can also
work as varying capacitance based electrostatic generator, -->cont:
30

Thermal Ionic II, Reverse-ElectroWetting
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY; Micro Harvesters: 8 Thermal Ionic harvest:
• Thermal Ionic movement only(in water etc), no kinetic or vibration power used:
50-80°C "hair electrodes" cause proton hopping(Bri Tulachan+), or Electricity at
room temperature by thermal motion of ions in STILL LIQUID instead of by FLOW
of the solutions by Monolayer Graphene(Graphene Battery):
• Electron is emitted by interaction of graphene & cation, then it flows along
graphene to electrode(Zihan Xu, Guoan Tai+). This particular theme,
participated by state backed Chinese TENG research groups is practically free
energy tech, & was not debunked in West but quietly discontinued on official
level. This room temperature Thermal Ionic movement energy
harvesting/generation is not taken up by inventor type groups.
• *Also Note TriboElectric related effects has mainstream disputes amongst what
causes/how electron transfer occurs.
9 # Reverse Electrwetting power harvester: Reverse ElectroWetting On
Dielectric(REWOD), Related to ElectroWetting process which can transport liquid
with electricity by modifying the surface tension of liquid especially on
hydrophobic surface(film, dielectric etc), This differs from similar looking effect
causeable by ElectroMigration which gives force to move water.
31

Science-Accepted 25: Reverse Electrowe7ng II
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY; Micro Harvesters: 9 Reverse ElectroWetting(REWOD):
REWOD is listed in micro power segment here like TriboElectricity process, but its
research is more focused for high density power production with large input(e.g.
human kinetic power) for more of flashlight or higher power use level(e.g. 10w
produced with battery set per shoe for human walking). Far more efficient than
conventional piezoelectricity, Most efficient energy harvesting method at this time
for human steps or car traffic type power generation(along with tribo effect TENG
device).
• New mechanics are invented with recent mainstream backing: Use of Atomic Layer
Deposition(ALD), Capillary Microfluidic device achieves 65% electric generation
efficiency(Jak Kedzierski et al), Bubbler type(Instep Nanopower: Krupenkin & Taylor et
al), Coating surface film with Al2O3 to increase capacitance etc.
• PERPETUAL MICROSEISM/MICROBAROM HARVESTING: in very high density(Tsung-
Hsing Hsu+) by this mechanics. This harvests sub 1hz level super slow oscillation as
energy(takes more than 1 second per cycle: earth hum, weather or ocean wave
triggered "perpetual tremor"). Tribo TENG has similar capability. Much lower
density(efficiency) harvesting is possible with piezo etc. Naturally not officially
pursued given high economical disruptiveness along with industrial electricity
harvester from 1-Casimir force, 2-Room temp thermal ionic movement only, 3-Earth
Magnetic Field - Schumann resonance, or 4-Tall antenna based voltage gradient
tether. But now 5-FIR/THZ frequency thermal radiation is in process of
commercialization by mainstream embracement! (p68) 32

• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Micro Harvesters:
10 # Ambient temperature & magnetic field driven Thermionic device:(GN
Hatsopolous, Xinyong Fu & Zi Tao Fu[“magnetic demon”]+): use of 90° cross
wise laid magnetic field to cause Hull Cut Off type threshold to control
electron movement from one electrode to the other in one direction to
generate cooling effect in a vacuum tube to cause thermionic emission,
hence indirect use of ambient temperature with originally magnet triggered
energy supply to generate minute electricity.
• Despite still majority's mainstream academic denial, this maxwell's
demon type effect should be valid based on various science valid combo
effects(Cyril Smith+): (Nottingham cooling effect related), Also this is
possible in known system like Aquaporin(Liangsuo Shu, Yingjie Li+),
Linked to ■8 Thermal Ionic movement electricity harvesting:
.
33
Ambient Thermionic

--• >>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Micro Harvesters
11 # Carrying electrical current by Spin Current related methods, or by
frac8onally charged quasi-par8cle in quantum hall effect regime(as opposed
to conven8onal charge current), seem to strongly imply overunity(Cyril
Smith+): 1-Spin rec8fica8on at Larmor precession freq to control spin to
produce DC current(YS Gui+), and Larmor precession is caused by electron
mo8on in sta'c magne'c field, 2-Spin BaGery: EMF (Electromo8ve force) of
spin origin generated by sta'c magne'c field in magne8c tunnel junc8on(S
Maekawa+), 3-Spin current related Reverse Seebeck effect is much higher
thermoelectric harves8ng from heat than conven8onal solid state generators.
Also see "Orgone"/"Orgonite" p372. 4-Spin wave tech rela8on to Torsion field
applica8on(GJ Bugh+), & gravity tech(Frolov+)
• 12 # Properly grounded electricity conduc8ve kite or rod extracts
atmospheric electricity(Beccaria, G Richmann, Dalibard, De Romas+), Use of
"sta'c electricity": actual flowing of unbalanced electric charge. Effect itself
is easily replicated by amateurs, can easily lead to macro power generator,
currently almost en8rely ignored by recent mainstream for commercializa8on
or research(IonPowerGroup.com+), 34
Spin Current, Conductive Kite - voltage gradient

Kinetic, Ground - Tree power harvester
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Micro Harvesters:
13 # Kinetic Power Harvester: Mostly by human or car/train traffic.
Human motion(nPower PEG+), Military focus(Bionic Power+): to charge
battery etc., 1hr walking range to charge phone by hydraulics(Walking
Charger - Energy Harvesters LLC+),1minute hand crank generates 11-
23mins of useable LED light(Envirofit Empower Duo+). Automobile slow
down zone power harvested by magnetic induction(Underground Power
SRL+), or by scalable Hydraulic liquid, piston, & pressure accumulator
units fed to electric generator for power production to beyond 100kw+
range(KinergyPower+), Also piezo effects are used but as of 2016 cost is
higher than conventional methods for industrial power.
14 Ground/Tree/plant Electricity harvester(Barbosa, Bryan, Karavas:
Voltree, Helder: Plant-e+), WiFi/Wireless system to transmit plant info to
computer is workable only for short distance currently(Seiko Instruments,
Ritsumeikan Univ Electronic & Computer Engineering dpt+).
Photosynthesis based pot plant smartphone charger & WiFi system(Bioo -
Arkyne Technologies+), Bioo claims to be competitive against solar panels
with house use level power with 1/3> its costing.
35

Non-Harves;ng Self Micro Electricity Generators
36
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES;
SELF GENERATING(non harvesting) MICROCURRENT DEVICES
Tourmaline electrode self-driven permanent electrolysis(Kubo
effect), or
Self micro electricity generating minerals: Acos Terahertz Face
Roller(Kun Sasaki+).
Persistent Current(perpetual current, usually low temp) in Nano
Ring: Mesoscopic quantum phenomena, Quietly mainstream
established but energy generator development research avoided.
Observed in nano ring structure metals in still state is up to 1-2 orders
of magnitude larger(over-unity, in addition to perpetual current
itself!)(KB Efetov+) than any wishful mainstream theory allows to be(Pri
Mohanty+) & it demonstrates unknown time dependent fluctuations,
deemed phase coupling/phase coherence to be critical factor(Mar
Büttiker+). Instantly commercializable Macroscopic Persistent Current
is almost entirely ignored but virtually science approved(C van der Wal,
Hir Koizumi+), Violation of 2nd law?(Čápek, Dan Sheehan+) -->>cont:

• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES; SELF GENERATING MICROCURRENT
DEVICES:
• also Zamboni Pile/Duluc Dry Pile(Battery) of certain set up(eg Oxford
Electric Bell) or what is called Orgone also self-generates ElectroMotive
Force or "self-flows" unlimited microcurrent when layers of different
electric potential matters are pressed together wedged by dielectric
material(electrically neutral/blocks electron flow, but allows
electrostatic/polarize to develop dipole moment) in addition to chemical
type reaction(limited), but perpetual current effect of "iv" is often
pseudoscientized even above i - iii effects are mainstream recognized as
"science legal", also similar "erroneous" over-unity claims were made by
top physicists back when battery was invented(Volta+),
Solar Chimney: Initial high cost, mainstream selectively quoting high
LCOE(Levelized Cost Of Electricity), less electricity produced at night,
many side benefits: Hyperion Energy, Enviromission+, Claims of more
efficient, far less land use versions from pilot tests, Salinity Gradient
Solar Pond: Ormat+, suitable only with low cost land near salt water, tech
& maintenance unstandardized, 37
Non-Harvesting Self Micro Electricity Generators

Emulsion Fuel
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES;
WATER MIXTURE TYPES: Water-Oil emulsion fuel: Massive gap in fuel
saving ability, also depends on type of boiler/engine used for: 1-25%(beyond this
% is "science illegal": see p174-176), Cuts emission(PM 10-80%, NOx/SOx 10-
50%), There is significance as one of few official mainstream instantly large scale
useable "partial free energy tech" & commercialization exist world wide but
remains low key in most nations: rarely referred even by cleantech media,
minimum public funding for research in West.
Groups of Western Mainstream (WM) business establishment promoted
Emulsion Fuel under "excuse" of emission decrease(with no reference to fuel
saving) in 2001-2003. Some are still offered(Lubrizol PuriNOx, Pirelli Gecam,
Total Aquazole +), while others withdrew(Shell, BP, Chevron). At mainstream
exposure discussion, hygroscopic fuel's(diesel, biofuel) water mix problem
solution is offered by water dispersant/water emulsifying additives(Rolling Big
Power RBP-80001, Hot Shot’s Secret, FPPF, Central Illinois Manufacturing -
HydroBurn, XDP Diesel Power Plus+) that include increased fuel efficiency of 3-
10% range, but they are lobbied against by united mainstream groups(car &
engine manufacturers) as bad for engine etc, while existence of larger
magnitude of full emulsion fuel cost saving remains entirely avoided topic. --
>>continues as fuel saving purpose emulsion next page: 38

Science-Accepted: 32: Emulsion Fuel II
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Water mixture: Water-Oil emulsion fuel:
• A few companies serving world wide mainly for diesel but some also gasoline
market: (Eco Energy Holding AS, IncBio, E•Fuel SA, Toeps
innovation+), (Nonox, Fierce Fuel Systems, Next Alternative
Inc+), (AIT Emulsion, NanoFuel co+),
Operations in openly serve mainstream(Теплоэнергоремонт-
Москва, Vodmazut Раптех, «Энергосберегающие технологии» «ЭСТ» -
est-m.ru, МЕССКА - messka.ru+), (4C Technologies+),
(Creatnet Technology Pvt +), is unique amongst Western
allies to openly focus at government level(CoxOil kr, Green Hitech kr, Sampower
kr+), (Solar Emulsi PT Pertamina, Singapore Emulsion Fuel+),
is mainly served by own state company inhouse & Taiwanese
companies(Comaxima Eco-Green Technology, Shine Bond
+),
• Sector Base: Finally mainstream maritime industry open debut by European back
up: Quadrise MSAR, in Asia: Monohakobi. Tech Variations: Biofuel
Emulsion(Gruppo Forini+), Works down to -30°C storage(SulNOx Fuel Fusions),
->>cont:
39

Coal-Water Slurry, History
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Water mixture types: Water-Oil
emulsion fuel:
• Equipment can be expensive & actual cost saving is often from "on par"
to "much less" compared to best performing magnetic flowing fuel
treatment device, or high Far InfraRed or Torsion Wave emitting device
wrapped around fuel line with 5-15% saving range(this is intensely
pseudoscientized at media level & superficial science level),(p154,155)
Coal-Water Slurry(CWS): 30-50% H2O(also note regular coal itself may
contain high water content), Historically competed against oil seriously
then "lost" along with plant alcohol fuels(US Prohibition), electric
cars/hydrogen cars(all 1880s-1930s),
. At boiler/gasification, thermal
efficiency is coal+20% while fuel vol itself increases, storage &
transferability made easier as liquid fuel, Lower emission(CO2, NOx, SOx)
than Diesel fuel boiler, Can utilize unrecovered fine coal, or coal
sludge/tailing, to turn environmental hazard into revenue fuel product.
40

Coal-Water Slurry, History
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Water mixture types: Coal-Water
Slurry(CWS):
. Potential to replace entire
diesel/heavy oil supply exists if modified special engine type(no nozzle wearing
etc) is introduced(eg Micronised Refined Carbons(MRC) consuming DICE: Direct
Injection Carbon Engine: US gov't backed program(also GE, GM etc
participation) between 1970s-2000s, recently Australia [CSIRO & many
Australian coal companies])
: Unsuccessful gov't participated movement to promote CWS to replace
majority of higher priced imported oil in 1980s. Also clean coal burning
IGCC(Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) power plants in US are using coal
water slurry for boiler feeding (wet feed gasification to produce extra H2)(CB&I
E-Gas, Texaco-GE) though almost never publicly reported. Regular fuel use US
CWS system installer:(ecoTECH Energy, AuraSource Inc+)
41

Coal-Water Slurry II, China
• -->>cont: FREE ENERGY TYPES; Water mixture types: Coal-Water Slurry(CWS):
: is tech leader & CWS is high profile tech nationwide led by state companies:
( - China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp,
Shangdong Energy Group, Yuankuang Group -
Slurry Gasification and Coal Chemical Engineering
Research, - Zjxianchuang,
GCPMC, jf NAIC+), Low grade coal focus: High moisture content lignite
slurry( - : Yulin
Western Coal Technology Research Centre+), Low grade fine ground coal mix for
emission reduction focus( cctegce+), Taiwan
(Neofuel tw). Also China leads to Hydrothermal combustion of coal(SuperCritical
water).
: Relatively active use(Амальтеа-Сервис vodougol, КОТЭС
Cotes-Group+): Rather surprising US controlled Ukraine gov't has declared CWS as
national energy priority with Chinese financial back up(Ukrheat+).
42

Coal-Water Slurry III, Bacteria, Atmos Clock etc
• -->>cont: Coal Water Slurry:
: CWS is overall even lower profile commercialization than
emulsion fuel with very small # of players considering its science legal
status(EET CWS, JGC, Kawasaki Heavy, Cynergi Holding SA+), Often small one-
man show type operation or main business is other engineering(Advanced Coal
Water Slurry Technologies, LeMar LLC, KEM-jp.com+).
Its very disruptive nature of abundant energy, scientifically admitted status can
be one of the reasons why CWS and Emulsion fuel are both not highlighted by
major Western environmental NGOs & mainstream entities.
Atmos clock+(C Drebbel+), use of self oscillating Torsion pendulum - Electro-
mechanical transducer, ambience change, can combine with Foucalt pendulum
element, Bacteria generator; Self-Charge Electrochemical Bio-capacitor
(Pankratov+), Microbial Fuel Cell(MFC)(Cambrian Innovation, Emefcy EBR +) or
its “overunity” electrolysis (Microbial Electrolysis Cell - MEC), 1-2$ range
material based DIY self producing no running water "moist soil based" MFC for
3rd world villages(Aiden Lab), Magnetotactic Bacteria based types etc.,
”Levitron”type, or ”Drinking Bird” generator,
43

Hydrodynamic Cavita;on, Blue Energy, Nano device
Hydrodynamic heater(TEKMASH, CT Systems+), (also see p167: G Ivanenko,
Bespalko+), inconsistent “Self running” ability but happens often, valid mainstream
science until it becomes overunity, Temperature based volume changing ultra
sensitive Phase Change Material (PCM) driven Hydraulic Motor: SOLO-TREC(J Jones &
Y Chao),
Atomic/Nanogenerators, 24hr Infrared Solar(Hong Liu, Dale Cotter+): (SSR: sprit ring
resonator like structure), Particulates(Da Yurth+), Atomic Hydrogen
Welding(Langmuir), Negative electrical resistance carbon fibre(De Chung+),
Blue Energy Some “free energy tech” usually costs more than existing system such
as Blue Energy: Reversed electrodialysis, Pressure Retarded Osmosis(PRO)/Osmotic
power, Hydrocratic ocean energy. Exception eg: Combined low pressure high flow
desalination with additionally electricity generated by removing ions from seawater
with Molybdenum Disulfide(MoS2) nanofilter(Nar Aluru+):30-50+% electricity cost
saving.
• But further efficient if osmotic pressure is used(Moh Heiranian+) : can become
efficient free energy generator while making drinking water from ocean(not officially
demonstrated). Also pure power generation-wise, Capacitive (mix) energy extraction
by Double Layer Expansion(CDLE)(Br Logan+), or by Donnan Potential(CDP), and Two
stage PRO(Wei He+) might become super low cost in future
44

Science-Accepted Past Grid Parity Tech 1: Engine
• SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER COST TYPES: i.e. beyond grid parity if commercialized as
electricity generation, often same treatment as inventors' ”free energy”(p148-
182); many stopped researches, stay microscale, suddenly retracted without
explanation, some suspected internal only corporate use,
, etc, But
again now emerging commercialized exceptions,
Non UV H2 Photolysis from water by Sn3O4(H Abe+), many other “artificial
photosynthesis”s,
50-200%+ increased efficiency engines(Myers, Ogle, Covey, Pogue, Castellini,
Brandt, La Force, Hatton, Caggiano, Belland, Purushottam Pipaliya, Holland, Ch
Brown, Fish+) by cam timing, spark plug, carburetor, vaporized gas etc: all
reported repeatedly on local papers till 1990s). Specific angled screen in
carburetor “accidentally” improved 50% mileage in 1960s(Ford), but model was
soon “recalled to correct it back” to factory spec(Pantone+). -->>cont:
45

• —>> cont: SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER COST TYPES(& Grid Parity): 50-200%+
increased efficiency engines:
Pneuma'c engine(“science illegal” version, p166• -170): Peugeot 208 Hybrid
Air(40km/litre, 94mpg), Tata & MDI-lu(Negre), both being shelved, Some non
electric Japanese cars mostly sold only in Japan(35km+/l), Volkswagen
XL1(100km/l, 250 test units only) & discon'nued Lupo(35km/l). In1920s
mainstream predicted 80mpg norm with test cars performing 100mpg+(Byron
Wine, Al Wallace, Bru McBurney+).
(eg: use of super low cost solar etc) &
at military level large electric transport trucks are only slightly lower mileage
cost but much faster accelera'on and low noise. Now available 95% efficient
Shinsei ElectrostaIc Motor,
Regenera've Shock Absorber normally brings negligible 5% range car
mileage efficiency(eg ClearMo'on, hydraulic motor runs to generate power)
but in certain specific electrical energy needs applica'on it could bring
substan'al saving.
46
Science-Accepted Past Grid Parity Tech 2: Engine

• —>> cont: SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER COST TYPES(& Grid Parity):
ElectroDynamic Tether/Asymmetrical Electrostatic: It is free energy, but
mainstream sanctioned idea as only limited use in space environment as lowest
cost tech(long conducting wire[mainly 500m plus for large power but works
from 1m] moves along earth magnetic field etc to generate electricity), Can be
used to replace fuel with free electricity for low orbit satellites and even ultra
high elevation flight if air craft propulsion re-configuration is made(plasma, ion
thrust etc) with high elevation cruising(BE Gilchrist, Jam McCanney+)/(Boeing -
Tether Unlimited). But actually generates full time "free energy" on earth
surface: by likely triggering imbalanced static electricity to flow, Works at on-
ground still-earth vertical environment with graphene/nanocarbon
use(IonPowerGroup.com+), or Use of Electret's Asymmetrical Electrostatic Force
to generate perpetual small electricity(Katsuo Sakai+)
Super efficient Phase Change Material(PCM) for housing: to release or absorb
heat at preset temperature: BioPCM, DuPont Energain, PCM injected wood:
Enertia Home, Combine PCM with Vacuum Insulation Panels(VIP) to provide
certain packages/boxes perpetual free cooling or heating depends on outside
temperature transition: va-Q-tec AG+, Also see PCM water electrical
generator(p64: e),
47
Science-Accepted Past Grid Parity Tech 3: ED Tether, PCM

• —>> cont: SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER COST TYPES :
In a way "Increase light" of LED by NanoCavity structure(Lamda LUX -
Metamaterial Technologies Inc+), this is applicable to solar also,
Micro-Nano Porous an.bacterial, an@corrosion high adhesion Paint with signiﬁcant
heat insula@ng water based paint can induce game changing overall cost saving
(Nansulate - Industrial Nanotech - INI World Wide+): but some of this company type
is apparently holding back from adding further disrup@ve thermoelectric paint
capability?
Portable ammonia maker from H2O+air by compression cycle etc for engines(J
Fleming), Super high concentra.on (H2O2)Hydrogen Peroxide: low cost
sustainable clean fuel for commercial planes, can be made/separated/accumulated
by water electrolysis/plasma discharge/photocatalysis etc from natural water and air
(General Kine@cs+), but had met massive selec@ve distorted danger info & storage
impossibility exaggera@on from mainstream groups
(N2H4)Hydrazine Fuel Cell: small, no precious metal, easy high power fuel(Daihatsu
co), Aluminium Air BaHery:1700km+ run range 100kg weight for electric
cars(Phinergy), Graphene BaHery: 600km range baVery charged in 10mins(Fisker -
Nanotech Energy Inc), Flow BaHery: 1000km range(NanoFlowcell AG: La Vecchia):
but is there a possibility their use of is a euphemism for
? 48
Science-Accepted Past Grid Parity Tech 4: NanoCavity
LED, Ammonia from air & water, H2O2 etc

Galvanic Reaction Salt Water Cell: (Hydra Light+)Very slow reaction design,
Currently for small phone charge type power level, about 1/30-50th cost of
regular 2A battery, with consistent voltage and current,
Thorium Reactor:US in 70s, Uranium took over, nuclear plant use, far less
radiation, re-starting (India, Russia, China, US, Norway, Israel+),
portable(Dratch+),
Biofuel(Ethanol) from cellulose only(inedible plant, grass straw, tree
branches, broken trees etc), Some produce with <1/2 cost of retail petrol of
high fuel price nation(Kawasaki Heavy - within 2weeks of intending
commercialization, key board members + CEO fired, and project shelved),
others also announced tech success without commercialization intention since
2006(Taisei Kensetsu & Sapporo Beer, Honda+), as often happens in Japan,
small sector limited domestic only or 3rd world use intention seems
allowed?(Kita-Akita city forestry coop, Sumitomo Forestry, Mitsui Zosen+): But
stagnant commercialization situation started to change world wide since
around 2014(see Biomass: p106-108)
49
Past Grid Parity Tech 5: Galvanic Water Cell, Thorium +

Coal based Gas/Oil/Direct power: Natural gas like CENfuel(Lloyd &
Turner ) & Low Temp Coal Carboniza=on: LTC, Rexco(Karrick), Improved
Bergius method, Micro acBve at Sasol+, Similar Lurgi process acBve in
China(70+ plants), EM wave/Ultrasonic use(M Kawabata+), Low fume DCFC
(Direct Carbon Fuel Cell, DEHPL+) mechanics avail since 1890s(W Jacques+),
A few of IGCC (Integrated coal GasificaBon Combined Cycle, usually said to
be more expensive than regular coal combusBon, but high efficiency low
cost data can be hidden by high startup cost etc): more on gasificaBon,
Super high density Enzyma=c fuel cell(YH Percival Zhang)
Certain customized Geothermal hea=ng: Heat Pump, Gradient Energy
Harves=ng etc: e.g. Discarded oil well-mine EGS(Sologen), Downhole heat
exchanger use, 300m deep closed loop in high heat area useable even
without heat pump cost etc, Also much lower cost Hydrothermal SpallaBon
drilling, but quickly "went out of business"(Pober Drilling):
50
Science-Accepted Past Grid Parity Tech 6: Coal to fuel,
DCFC, Geothermal etc

Cooling use OTEC(Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) near some water
areas(Sea Water Air Conditioning)(Makai, Bluerise nl+), In some super high
cost power small island OTEC becomes lowest energy cost by improved Kalina
Cycle(Xenesys), PCM used OTEC engine,
Betavoltaics types: Tritium Light or Battery(P Brown+), Zinc sulfide or
Radium Paint + Solar Cell, Optoelectric Nuclear Battery(Kurcharov Inst+),
Radioisotope Generator(NASA+): mininuclear heat converted to electricity by
thermoelectric device. Hydrothermal vent power extraction: large scale
indicated by test success, Orimulsion: Water(30%) emulsified bitumen by
Venezuelan state corp: broke "taboo" of not making bitumen emulsion for
road pavement/sealant use
Exotic configurations: Limited to pilot success;
Advanced Compressed air energy storage by additional full recovery of
both Heat compressed & Cold air released, Pneumatic engine(Negre+,
“illegal” version: p166-170), Magnetic Energy Recovery Switch (Shimada+):
“legal back EMF(electromotive force)”, Water-carbon rod low powered
electric arc gas: AquaFuel(H Eldridge, W Richardson, Rug Santilli),
51
Past Grid Parity Tech 7: OTEC, Hydrothermal Vent +

Aluminium based Hydrogen Produc4on methods :Aluminium based metal alloy
& water “Hydrogen fuel cell” lab results as all similar mechanics but mostly
uncommercialized. Physics wise undeniable natural effects- eg:
Slow oxidizing low cost focused alloy pellets(B Froats),
Rapid shock cooling-heaJng as catalyst to “crack” oxidized film of nano aluminium
parJcles to reacJvate(Dynamix-Muroran univ: Mas Watanabe+)+,
Use of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) as catalyst(not consumed) to prevent/delay
aluminium oxidaJon (Hy-Energy: Erl Andersen)+, Undisclosed catalyst accelerates
piVng of aluminum powder surface to prevent/delay passivaJon(AlumiFuel: Jas
Anand+), Chloride ion use piVng to dissolve oxidized film(Hydergy India: AVK
Reddy+),
Aluminium alloy with gallium/lithium etc which prevents/slows oxidized layer
from fully covering aluminum(HydroAlumina: Ge Woodall, Chemalloy: Freedman+),
CatalyJcCarbon and aluminum in 80°C hot water + DC pulse(not electrolysis) to
prevent almost all aluminium oxidaJon, this on-board generator makes
110L/minute of H2, low quality-dirty-sea water ok(Phillips Company 4T: Haw
Phillips)
52
Science-Accepted Past Grid Parity Tech 8:
Perpetual Hydrogen

Perpetual Hydrogen II, Heat Recovery
• —>> cont: SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER COST TYPES : Hydrogen Production:
Non aluminium based Hydrogen: Cavitation(Cavitation Energy Systems),
Electrohydraulic effect(H2 Energy Renaissance):
electrohydraulics/shockwave/cavitation methods are rarely looked by academic
level but effect is undeniable(Sop Burjanadze, Tak Sato & Mas Oizumi+),
Nanoparticle coated H2O electrolysis (Dopp+), Ultrasonic H2 generation from
water with non-oxidizing nanocrystal: ZnO fibers + BaTiO3 dendrites (Xiaochun Li),
Various metal catalyst: eg Molecular Molybdenum Persulfide catalyst H2
dissociation from water(JR long+), PhotoCatalytic(Dav Milstein+), 84%
efficiency pure water Electrolysis by Cathode 35Mpa high pressure Solid Polymer
Electrolyte use, fluctuating power input workable like wind power(Honda R&D),
HEAT RECOVERY: unless otherwise stated generally 100-1000°C temp difference
is used - often which power generation is proportional to. Also leads to emission
reduction: part of mainstream focus in many - particularly Western nations, while
almost ignored in some others:
• ▀▀1. Kinetic Power Generators based Industrial HEAT RECOVERY as Electricity:
Often as industrial CHP(Combined Heat & Power), or Combined Cycle at power
generator: common installation in at least as new system in Chemical, Pulp &
Paper, Wood, Petroleum Refining, Metal, Gas turbine/Nuclear power generation
industries, use of Regular •a-d : 53

Heat Recovery(H.R.) HRSG
• —>> cont: SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER TYPES: HEAT RECOVERY: ▀▀1. Kine5c Power
Generators based Industrial HEAT RECOVERY as Electricity:
• •a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)(Nooter/Eriksen, Alstom, GE +) most
large mainstream industrial conglomerate types offer as first round of heat recovery
as Combined Cycle with 10-20% range addi=onal electrical recovery(of original
electrical conversion % ra=o).
Once Through Steam Generator(OTSG): obviates drum to increase efficiency &•
control(Innova5ve Steam Technologies+). Also low grade heat primary or secondary
recovery process of HRSG "leJ over" heat by conven=onal Organic Rankine
Cycle(ORC- use of low boiling temp stronger turbine power organic compound
medium instead of water) generally used from 80°C+ (INTEK GMK GmbH, Turboden,
Triogen BV+).
But there are significant differen=a=on in suitability and performance gap for this•
mature tech. With (further) 2-10%+ electrical gain, or 70-95C previously discarded
water or hot spring water can produce power by 20-70kw poten=al
module(Ishikawajima Harima, Electratherm+): op=miza=on focus(Granite Power
Granex+), on board ocean freight power generator from diesel engine heat(Opcon
Energy System+), -->>cont:
54

H.R. II More Than Organic Rankine Cycle %
• —>> cont: SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER TYPES: ▀▀1. Kinetic Power Generators based
Industrial HEAT RECOVERY as Electricity: •a Heat Recovery Steam Generator
(HRSG):
• But some specialists(2G Energy AG+) might improve/replace ORC/steam RC process
with less often used Radial Flow Organic Rankine(Exergy SpA, Cryostar SAS +),
Axial & radial mix turbine(Aqylon+).
• Often, not always, substantial yield improvement is made by following: Kalina
Cycle(ammonia & water mix medium)(Kalina Power - Enhanced Systems
Technologies - Global Geothermal), or more specialized use customizable its 2nd
generation(Kalex Systems), or similar OTEC purpose Uehara Cycle(Xenesys -
),
• Others: ORC with Rotary Heat Engine works from 25 vs 40°C temp difference
(Davinci-mode jp), Trilateral Flash Cycle(TFC)(Ian Smith+), CO2 SuperCritical
Brayton(no phase change)(Net Power LLC, Sandia NL+) or CO2 SuperCritical
Rankine Cycle(phase change at 31°C)(Echogen Power Systems+) etc. Possible to
generate DC electricity when closed CO2 flow is placed near certain dielectric(?)
material from triboelectric effect(Infinity Turbine): similar to already known but not
commercialized ORC + Liquid Metal MHD effect. -->>cont:
55

Science-Accepted Past Grid Parity Tech 12: Heat
Recovery III Stirling etc
• —>> cont: SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER TYPES: ▀▀1. Kine5c Power
Generators based HEAT RECOVERY as Electricity:
•b• S$rling Engine(Qnergy - Ricor Cryogenic, Microgen Engine+) heat
recovery efficiency significantly differs depends on company from 10-
30%(Free Piston type is higher), remote equipment operaDon(S5rling
Technology Inc RemoteGen+), also efficient cooling(Twinbird jp,
Sunpower Inc+). Can be offered as residenDal fuel cell type set up by
feeding gas/oil: Micro CHP, •c Deluge Engine(Hageman) runs from
30°C diff, •d Others: thermo-responsive material and OsmoDc power
use Osmoblue(E Dahan+)works from 30°C temp difference,
• ▀▀2. Mainly Solid State Harves$ng device: & similar Industrial HEAT
RECOVERY as Electricity, lower cost than gas turbine/combusDon
engines or steam generators(J Fairbanks+) in certain situaDons, device
efficiency indicated in following "•a-l" is deemed highest possible
figure unless otherwise stated. In some cases general operaDng rate
can be much lower: -->>cont:
56

H.R. IV Thermo-Electric
• —>> cont: ▀▀2. Mainly Solid State Harvesting device :based industrial HEAT
RECOVERY as Industrial HEAT RECOVERY as Electricity:
• •a Thermoelectric/Seebeck-Pelletier effect: Thermoelectric heat pump using n & p
type semi conductors, it uses temperature gap between one end to the other to
generate power. Used in Soviets since 1940s, in West for military/space after '60s,
western mainstream use of conventional models. Actually 5kw range generator
was claimed with operating efficiency of 10% for commercialization before yr2000
but retracted(Jade Mountain), Often on lower temperature range 50-600°C, some
are max 300°C level use.
• But much higher performance seems to exist by use of carbon nanotube or nano
structure etc though unclear if those super efficient models are openly marketed:
Evident Thermo, [acquired GMZ tech which claimed max 43% efficiency],
Komatsu/KELK’s 40% rating, Japanese peers Likely slightly lower(Yamaha,
Toshiba+), max 20% possible at 300°C range(AEInnova+), suspected similar level(O-
flexx+). Alkali-Metal Thermal-to-Electric Converter (AMTEC)by C-TEC Nano
Conversion at least 20% range, 15% range(Je Snyder+), Reverse Spin Hall - Spin
Seebeck Effect use: wrappable plastic like spin current generator at least 10times
conventional efficiency with much lower production cost(Nippon Denki+), -->>cont:
57

Past Grid Parity Tech 14: H.R. V Thermo-Electric 2
• —>> cont: ▀▀2. Mainly Solid State Harves1ng device based industrial HEAT
RECOVERY as Industrial HEAT RECOVERY as Electricity: •a Thermoelectric
(TE):
Though other solid state devices are generally 20%+ as• std model, including
sterling engine, TE's ease of use and super compactness is o=en advantage.
And even supposedly conven@onal 2-8+% opera@ng efficiency device can
generate at least up to 1KW range in many cases and space saving energy
recovery with success track record.
O=en specific efficiency is not disclosed, some might have much higher rate.•
Large # of companies offer TE devices(Romny Scien1fic, Melcor, TECTEG,
Gentherm, Экоген Ecogen, RGS Development Thermagy+), Some are High
temperature(600°C+) capability focus for generally higher efficiency aim, Run
high power requirement meters & switches(НПП Квант+),
Steam heat use(• Kryotherm+), 1KWh range genera@on from large truck diesel
engine exhaust is possible(Hi-Z Technology+), Flue exhaust or flare heat from
chimney(Alphabet Energy+), Electricity from heated @re(Goodyear BH03).
Yet there are same 2%+ efficiency range thermoelectric paint available for a
long @me that has been ignored by mainstream @ll quite recently(UNIST
Korea, Ashutosh Tiwari+) -->>cont: 58

• —>> cont: ▀▀2. Mainly Solid State Harvesting device based industrial HEAT
RECOVERY as Industrial HEAT RECOVERY as Electricity: •a Thermoelectric (TE):
• 50-150°C workable wrap-around style sheet of carbon nanotube + plastic(Sekisui
Chemical+), Low temp 60-100°C hot spring water flow placed next to 5-15°C cold
spring water wedging thermoelectric sheet to generate power for >0.5kwh use per 3-
4 pairs of water pipe with cold-hot reverse flow(water pipe is 5-10cm diameter, with
latest commercially avail technology): a few dozen of projects exists in Japan. 5 x 20
x15cm size heatpipe used forked device emit 15w with 70-80C difference if device
recovers with 3-5% efficiency(Yos Takefuji: Ai-Cynap).
• Cost effective cooling(Aisin - Toyota, Z-max jp+), 2-3 times more efficient than
conventional Thermoelectric cooler(Phononic), or 10times(NanoFreeze Technologies
Lund AB): Some have potential to replace majority of existing type refrigerators by
much lower cost.
• Note Pelletier cooling has also precise temp control, no maintenance & far longer
lasting, soundless operation compared to conventional compression refrigeration.
Engine heat recovery to save air conditioning etc of 5% fuel mileage saving
overall(VolksWagen+) Also space commercialization etc of Radio Isotope
Thermoelectric generation exists but generally has beyond harmful level radioactivity
emitted in near field,
59
H.R. VI Thermo-Electric 3

• —>> cont: ▀▀2. Mainly Solid State Harvesting device based industrial HEAT
RECOVERY as Industrial HEAT RECOVERY as Electricity: •a Thermoelectric (TE):
• Self generating electricity from heat to fan the woodstove chamber to save 30-
50% of regular wood cooking fuel and eliminate most of smoke in 3rd world
use(Philips Domestic Appliances and Personal Care BV: van der Sluis), or
additionally it charges battery for portable small cooker(BioLite Energy+).
• Free standing type woodstove fan is widely available: If 2 or more combined
use of high power low temp activation types in certain room shape or air flow
configuration it can save 15-30% heating cost but most come with low Curie
temperature(loses effect of thermoelectric) at 300°C range(SmartFan ie,
Valiant Accessories+).
• Generally more powerful sterling engine type fan(some also directionally
rotates) saves more though starting temperature is high(Valcan Stove Fan,
Warpfive Stove Fan), Campfire cook stove phone charging(JikoPower+)
60
H.R. VII Thermo-Electric 4

H.R. VIII Thermo-Galvanic etc.
• —>> cont: ▀▀2. Mainly Solid State Harvesting device based industrial
HEAT RECOVERY
• •b ThermoGalvanic Cell/ThermoElectric Cell/ThermoCell(DIFFERENT
FROM Solid State ThermoElectric device): This is not semiconductor but
made of electrodes and liquid electrolyte(redox ion) to function as enclosed
thermoelectric device by temperature dif between electrodes within cell,
also there is time lag in effects to use as battery without no heat input for
short time.
• Basically works permanently as long as there is temp difference. Low key
image & mostly forgotten since 1980s but now some seem to show similar
significant effectiveness as best performing Solid Thermoelectric cell at
50-200°C low temp range(ATC - Australian Research Council[Ted Abraham],
Tsukuba Univ[Kobayashi & Moritomo et al]), New much thinner flat Carbon
Nanotube CNT use(Renchong Hu+), CNT & Aerogel-Based
ThermoElectrochemical Cell(Yong Hyup Kim +) -->>cont:
61

H.R. IX Thermo-Magnetic etc.
• —>> cont: ▀▀2. Mainly Solid Harvester based Industrial HEAT RECOVERY
as Electricity:
•c• "MagnetoThermoElectric", Thermo Magne4c Motor, Curie Engine etc:
At least two of following three combined energy genera6on mechanics are
used:
@1• (become magnet when gets close to it and
retain magnet state somewhat even a<er removed[hysteresis]) " " is
placed between heated magne6c and cold heat sink, and it oscillates back
and forth by thermal demagne6za6on at Curie temperature on heated
magne6c side and re-magne6za6on inducing cold sink side: this vibra6on
between hea6ng and cooling states are recovered as electricity via piezo
eﬀect or/and electromagne6c induc6on for micro devices.
@2 Losing and gaining magne6c ﬁeld in 6me-variant oscilla6ng manner is
used to generate electricity.
Also for rota6ng motor type:• @3 Kine6c rota6on mo6on is converted to
power.
62

• —>> cont: ▀▀2. Mainly Solid Harvester based Industrial HEAT RECOVERY as
Electricity: •c "MagnetoThermoElectric", Thermo Magnetic Motor:
• Despite some mainstream media and "science blog" debunking, recent
academic documents and other witnesses indicate this is also one of highest
efficiency amongst mainstream confirmed heat recovery tech, also can be
good combo with solar energy for heat recovery(Prime Photonics+). Water
based 20°C temp difference workable system(Swiss Blue Energy AG),
• Opportunity to synergize further for even higher efficiency with Pyroelectric
effect(produce electricity from rapid temperature change oscillation), and
Shape Memory Alloy/Polymer(heat or magnetic): applicable to micro and
industrial size power generation both.
• •d Thermionic device(electron discharged from one electrode to other as
collector across vacuum when there is temp difference between them), super
high temp use, NASA used 12% efficient device in 1976, 25% range at 1500°C
in 1960s in Soviet block(Orlinov & Stafanov et al), then disappeared from
civilian market. -->>cont:
63
H.R. X Thermo Magnetic, Thermionic,

Science-Accepted Past Grid Parity Tech 20: H.R. XI
Thermionic, ThermoDielectric
• —>> cont: ▀▀2. Mainly Solid Harvester based Industrial HEAT RECOVERY
as Electricity: •d Thermionic device:
But now Carnot limit(max heat energy engine conversion limit: about 37%)•
far exceeding(lately this is not necessarily auto pseudo-scienAzaAon
treatment) MicroPower Global device exists: ex-ENECO inc, Sevastyanenko,
Kucherov,& Hagelstein: LENR researchers) 40% range? at 250-600°C:
Beyond Carnot Limit should be explainable by current science(Joh
Roßnagel+), Single Layer Graphene use would boost 40%+ at below
700°C(Shi-Jun Liang+),
•e• ThermoDielelectric(Workman-Reynolds) Eﬀect(da Costa Rebeiro, GW
Gross+) usually mild salt dissolved water or liquid ma^er's phase change
generates charge separaAon/capacitor funcAon/electricity generaAon): Not
even close for commercializaAon.
64

Science-Accepted Past Grid Parity Tech 21: H.R. XII
ThermoDielectric, PyroElectric
Electricity: •e ThermoDielelectric(Workman-Reynolds) Effect:
• One of most ignored mainstream accepted electricity harvesting potential
tech(since 1980s) with more society disruptive potentials like: major power
harvesting from freezing and melting of water & other liquids, or further
backing up charge based weather effect(rather than heat convention or CO2)
combined with electroscavenging + triboelectric effects, & debunked but
commercialized air/vapour ionization based stronger low cost weather control.
For details see water tech presentation[Four Levels of Water Techno...] & look
up "Rain Related Weather Modification”.
• •f Pyro-electric(oscillating temperature to generate electricity), also
nanogenerator for micro device exists(PENG): PyroElectric generator often
requires temperature alternating device to cause rapid temperature
oscillation to activate effect. New mechanics are improving effectiveness: Self
heat-cool alternating polymeric PyroElectric Nanogenerator by water vapor,
without any energy using heat alternating device(Fengxian Gao et al),
65

H.R. XIII Thermo-Acoustic, Unconventional Heat Pump
Electricity: f Pyro-electric:
30% efficient by MEMS use(• Sc Hunter/ORNL+), Nanowire use(Wenxi Guo et. al+)
can be hybridized with piezoelectric generator(Ju-Hyuck Lee+), Heatpipe use for
rapid temperature change transfer to increase efficiency(Dan Zebek+),
•g• ThermoAcous-c(heat is recovered to cause air molecule massive excitaRon
type standing wave effect in confined space, then create temperature difference
& electricity generaRon), 300°C max. 20%+ efficiency electricity
conversion(Etalim, Aster ThermoacousBc+), Gas combusRon use instead of
exisRng heat recovery but sRll comes far ahead of convenRonal system
cost(Nirvana-es.com), High performance cooling from heat(SoundEnergy BV,
Cool Sound Industries+).
•h• High performance unconven-onal heat pump: 30% extra energy saver for
various heat movement generally not achievable by other systems: Fisonic
CavitaBon(Fisenko). CO2 Heat Pump "EcoCute" for hot water generaRon: part of
industry or residen-al standard in some na-ons/regions(eg Japan) somewhat
less to much less installa-on in other na-ons for its 10-20+% more saving in
some situa-ons compared to regular heat pump(Denso, Sanden+), -->>cont:
66

H.R. XIV Unconv. Heat Pump, Thermo PhotoVoltaic
• —>> cont: ▀▀2. Mainly Solid Harvester based Industrial HEAT
RECOVERY as Electricity: •h High performance unconventional heat
pump:
• Claims of COP >8(Mayekawa+): defacto 800+% efficiency. This is one of
several state backed energy related tech promoted in Japan: Some tech
prospered like this while others suddenly disappeared till recently(eg
SuperCritical water). Non toxic CO2(R744) can be also used in similar
way for refrigeration with less restrictions by environmental laws. Pure
cooling without heating combo has been deemed no cost saving over
conventional medium system, but some industrial sized systems are
actually emerging as energy saving TransCritical CO2 Refrigeration Cycle
by unique combination of elements(Carnot Refrigeration+),
• •i Micron-gap ThermoPhotoVoltaics: MTPV corp(DiMatteo+); generally
ignored Near Field TPVs efficiency is upto a magnitude ahead of
mainstream Far Field TPVs, Jx Crystals TPV: Jx Crystals (Fraas) already
measured 35% efficiency in 1989, 67

H.R. XV Thz-FIR Rectenna etc
Electricity:
•j• Ambient EHF(Extreme High Frequency), Thz(Terahertz), FIR(Far InfraRed)
Rectenna (0.1-30Thz) by nano material use: Likely most disrup>ve science
accepted under-explored heat recovery as EHF-FIR-Thz range EM radia>on of
heat harves>ng by Frequency Selec>ve Surface(FSS) nanostructures & resonance
amplifying(Redwave Energy, Univ Manchester+): usually focused on industrial
heat <300°C, for industrial size electricity generaBon with much higher
efficiency than other solid state devices. Also EM overall density is much higher
in this range than lower RF waves, in addi>on to easier high % harves>ng quality.
Metamaterial(manmade specific geometric paVern) or SRR(Split Ring Resonator•
enabled broader band recep>on should significantly improve efficiency especially
at Extremely High Frequency range harves>ng up from 0.001-1Thz range(Parc
Xerox+), But generally 70-80+% conversion range should be possible & without
heat-cooling maintenance concern like thermoelectric
since everything emits FIR wave at above 0K(-273C).
-->>cont:
68

H.R. XVI Fuel Cell, Paintable Heat Recovery
Electricity:
• •k Some high heat generating Fuel Cells can build in CHP to boost efficiency
past 90%+(heat included) level: ■PAFC(Phosphoric acid): Fuji Electric+,
■MCFC(Molten Carbonate): FuelCell Energy+, ■SOFC(Solid Oxide)Bloom
Energy, Ene Farm/Kyocera - Osaka Gas - Toyota, Sunfire GmbH+, Ene Farm is
for house based unit, its SOFC is at 52% electrical efficiency & produces lower
cost power than retail price and can be sold to grid(Japan only),
■PEMFC(Proton Exchange Membrane): Ene Farm/Panasonic+,
• •l Paintable heat recovery system can significantly benefit: Thermo Diode
Coating(Ne Chernoff) or Spin Seebeck - Reverse Spin Hall Effect Paint: Surface
plasmon effect use dielectric material's spin current generator, & use of
magnon + phonon resonance would further improve efficiency(Ei Saito),
Ultrasonic spray coating hetrojunction Perovskite solar cell of 11% efficiency(AT
Barrows+), Also ferroelectric Perovskite's multi-energy response ability hasn't
been explored(Solar-PyroElectric-PiezoElectric): eg KBNNO. ->>cont:
69

Electricity:
• •m MHD & Faraday effect application: Electrical generation increases if high
temp electro-conductive waste heat exhaust or hot molten salt like flow is
passed by MHD device prior to existing system extraction. Self powered
Magnetic Flow Meter by opposing magnets separate charges in conductive
water & picked up by opposed electrodes to cause electron flow(OMEGA
Engineering+), but this industrial level potential energy harvesting tech is
mostly ignored by mainstream.
• ▀▀3. Heat Recovery as , can save indicated % of entire related heating
system: •a Condensing Scrubber: Direct contact heat of exhaust fume to
water with possible 5-15% range extra saving(while cleaning air) compared
to conventional heat recovery from the same source. Savings can exceed
30%+ compared to no action at all(Babcock & Wilcox, Bionomic Industries
QSense, Valmet+). Use of heat pump amplifies saving(Condens Heat
Recovery Oy, Caligo Industries+), most significant consistent mainstream use
in some Nordic nations. ->>cont:
70
Science-Accepted Past Grid Parity Tech 26: H.R.
XVII MHD, Condensing Scrubber

• —>> cont: ▀▀3. Heat Recovery as , can save indicated % of entire
related heating system:
• •b Turbine Inlet Air Cooling(TIAC) by very fine Air Fogging etc: Increasing
density of air: torque to drive turbine(Gas generator, HVAC fan etc) by
cooling the inlet air temperature by water and evaporation
chilling(Johnson Controls, Araner Cooling+). In some high temp situation
makes 10%+ energy difference even for large generators. Still this basic
system is not installed in many situations.
• •c Venturi-Orifice steam trap: Loss in steam system is often taken for
granted at boiler or industrial systems. But they can save 5-25% of energy,
while additionally eliminating costs for related maintenance or mechanical
systems with fast payback of 0.5-3yrs(Enetrap jp, Thermal Energy
International, Delta Steam Systems, Ingrid Wernicke Industrieservice+).
Similar less degree of saving is possible with commonly available steam
eductor/ejector or venturi auto feeder/mixer.
71
Science-Accepted Past Grid Parity Tech 27: H.R.
XVIII Turbine Inlet Air Cooling, Steam Trap

H.R. XIX CHP, Heat Pipe
• ▀▀3. Heat Recovery as , can save indicated % of en3re related hea3ng system:
•d• CHP: Combined Heat & Power/Cogenera4on can more than double efficiency
even with conven4onal heat recovery tech use, well established in some
na4ons(Denmark, Finland, Russia, Netherlands+), many ex-soviet & its allies+, while
surprisingly low use in others(Japan, France, Sweden+). OHen as centralized District
Hea4ng System, this set up allows all types of new heat recovery like Solar thermal,
biomass to incorporate later on): Also further efficient Combined Cooling, Heat &
Power (CCHP, Trigenera;on, use of absorp;on chiller) when there is also cooling
need,
•e• Heat Pipe applica;on: Low or no maintenance heat pipe(capillary driven liquid-
vapor phase change circula4on system with inner side and outer side within a sealed
vessel) is oHen s4ll underu;lized super efficient heat conductor for various
industrial/residen;al heat energy saving applica;ons (5-10004mes of copper)(Aavid
Thermacore, , +) that
enables transfer of heat in recoverable shapes(eg Vapor Chamber to make it possible
to use conven4onal flat thermoelectric device otherwise unrecoverable, or Heat Pipe
to rapidly transfer heat & coolness to maximize thermoelectric power genera4on.
They are hard to quan4fy as % recovery improvement)
72

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