KVM and docker LXC Benchmarking with OpenStack

Passive Benchmarking with
docker LXC, KVM & OpenStack
Hosted @ SoftLayer
Boden Russell (brussell@us.ibm.com)
IBM Global Technology Services
Advanced Cloud Solutions & Innovation
V2.0

FAQ
 How is this version (v2.0) different from the initial benchmarks?
– See the revision history within this document.
 Are there any artifacts associated with the test?
– Yes; see my github repo: https://github.com/bodenr/cloudy-docker-kvm-bench
 Do these results imply an LXC based technology replaces the need for traditional
hypervisors?
– In my opinion, traditional VMs will become the “edge case” moving forward for use cases
which are currently based on Linux flavored VMs. However I believe there will still be cases
for traditional VMs, some of which are detailed in the LXC Realization presentation.
 Are these results scientific?
– No. Disclaimers have been attached to any documentation related to these tests to
indicate such. These tests are meant to be a set of “litmus” tests to gain an initial
understanding of how LXC compares to traditional hypervisors specifically in the Cloud
space.
 Do you welcome comments / feedback on the test?
– Yes; the goal of these tests is to educate the community on LXC based technologies vs
traditional hypervisors. As such they are fully disclosed in complete and hence open to
feedback of any kind.
5/11/2014 2Document v2.0

FAQ Continued
 Should I act on these results?
– I believe the results provide enough information to gain some interest. I expect any
organization, group or individual considering actions as a result will perform their own
validation to assert the technology choice is beneficial for their consumption prior to
adoption.
 Is further / deeper testing and investigation warranted?
– Absolutely. These tests should be conducted in a more active manner to understand the
root causes for any differences. Additional tests and variations are also needed including;
various KVM disk cache modes, skinny VM images (i.e. JeOS), impacts of database settings,
docker storage drivers, etc.
 Is this a direct measurement of the hypervisor (KVM) or LXC engine (docker)?
– No, many factors play into results. For example the compute node has the nova virt driver
running which is obviously different in implementation between nova libvirt-kvm and
nova docker. Thus it’s implementation *may* have an impact on the compute node
metrics and performance.
5/11/2014 Document v2.0 3

Revision History
Revision Overview of changes
V1.0 - Initial document release
V2.0 - All tests were re-run using a single docker image throughout the tests (see my Dockerfile).
- As the result of an astute reader, the 15 VM serial “packing” test reflects VM boot overhead rather than steady-
state; this version clarifies such claims.
- A new Cloudy test was added to better understand steady-state CPU.
- Rather than presenting direct claims of density, raw data and graphs are presented to let the reader draw their
own conclusions.
- Additional “in the guest” tests were performed including blogbench.
5/11/2014 Document v2.0 4

Why Linux Containers (LXC)
 Fast
– Runtime performance near bare metal speeds
– Management operations (run, stop , start, etc.) in seconds / milliseconds
 Agile
– VM-like agility – it’s still “virtualization”
– Seamlessly “migrate” between virtual and bare metal environments
 Flexible
– Containerize a “system”
– Containerize “application(s)”
 Lightweight
– Just enough Operating System (JeOS)
– Minimal per container penalty
 Inexpensive
– Open source – free – lower TCO
– Supported with out-of-the-box modern Linux kernel
 Ecosystem
– Growing in popularity
– Vibrant community & numerous 3rd party apps
5/11/2014 5Document v2.0

Hypervisors vs. Linux Containers
Hardware
Operating System
Hypervisor
Virtual Machine
Operating
System
Bins / libs
App App
Virtual Machine
Operating
System
Bins / libs
App App
Hardware
Hypervisor
Virtual Machine
Operating
System
Bins / libs
App App
Virtual Machine
Operating
System
Bins / libs
App App
Hardware
Operating System
Container
Bins / libs
App App
Container
Bins / libs
App App
Type 1 Hypervisor Type 2 Hypervisor Linux Containers
5/11/2014 6
Containers share the OS kernel of the host and thus are lightweight.
However, each container must have the same OS kernel.
Containers are isolated, but
share OS and, where
appropriate, libs / bins.
Document v2.0

Hypervisor VM vs. LXC vs. Docker LXC
5/11/2014 7Document v2.0

Docker in OpenStack
 Havana
– Nova virt driver which integrates with docker REST API on backend
– Glance translator to integrate docker images with Glance
 Icehouse
– Heat plugin for docker
 Both options are still under development
5/11/2014 8
nova-docker virt driver docker heat plugin
DockerInc::Docke
r::Container
(plugin)
Document v2.0

About This Benchmark
 Use case perspective
– As an OpenStack Cloud user I want a Ubuntu based VM with MySQL… Why would I choose
docker LXC vs a traditional hypervisor?
 OpenStack “Cloudy” perspective
– LXC vs. traditional VM from a Cloudy (OpenStack) perspective
– VM operational times (boot, start, stop, snapshot)
– Compute node resource usage (per VM penalty); density factor
 Guest runtime perspective
– CPU, memory, file I/O, MySQL OLTP, etc.
 Why KVM?
– Exceptional performance
DISCLAIMERS
The tests herein are semi-active litmus tests – no in depth tuning,
analysis, etc. More active testing is warranted. These results do not
necessary reflect your workload or exact performance nor are they
guaranteed to be statistically sound.
5/11/2014 9Document v2.0

Benchmark Environment Topology @ SoftLayer
glance api / reg
nova api / cond / etc
keystone
…
rally
cinder api / sch / vol
docker lxc
dstat
controller compute node
glance api / reg
keystone
…
rally
cinder api / sch / vol
KVM
dstat
controller compute node
5/11/2014 10
+
Awesome!
+
Awesome!
Document v2.0

Benchmark Specs
5/11/2014 11
Spec Controller Node (4CPU x 8G RAM) Compute Node (16CPU x 96G RAM)
Environment Bare Metal @ SoftLayer Bare Metal @ SoftLayer
Mother Board SuperMicro X8SIE-F Intel Xeon QuadCore SingleProc SATA
[1Proc]
SuperMicro X8DTU-F_R2 Intel Xeon HexCore DualProc [2Proc]
CPU Intel Xeon-Lynnfield 3470-Quadcore [2.93GHz] (Intel Xeon-Westmere 5620-Quadcore [2.4GHz]) x 2
Memory (Kingston 4GB DDR3 2Rx8 4GB DDR3 2Rx8 [4GB]) x2 (Kingston 16GB DDR3 2Rx4 16GB DDR3 2Rx4 [16GB]) x 6
HDD (LOCAL) Digital WD Caviar RE3 WD5002ABYS [500GB]; SATAII Western Digital WD Caviar RE4 WD5003ABYX [500GB]; SATAII
NIC eth0/eth1 @ 100 Mbps eth0/eth1 @100 Mbps
Operating System Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64bit Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64bit
Kernel 3.5.0-48-generic 3.8.0-38-generic
IO Scheduler deadline deadline
Hypervisor tested NA - KVM 1.0 + virtio + KSM (memory deduplication)
- docker 0.10.0 + go1.2.1 + commit dc9c28f + AUFS
OpenStack Trunk master via devstack Trunk master via devstack. Libvirt KVM nova driver / nova-docker
virt driver
OpenStack Benchmark
Client
OpenStack project rally NA
Metrics Collection NA dstat
Guest Benchmark Driver NA - Sysbench 0.4.12
- mbw 1.1.1.-2
- iibench (py)
- netperf 2.5.0-1
- Blogbench 1.1
- cpu_bench.py
VM Image NA - Scenario 1 (KVM): official ubuntu 12.04 image + mysql
snapshotted and exported to qcow2 – 1080 MB
- Scenario 2 (docker): guillermo/mysql -- 381.5 MB
Hosted @Document v2.0

Test Descriptions: Cloudy Benchmarks
5/11/2014 12
Benchmark Benchmark Driver Description
OpenStack Cloudy Benchmarks
Serial VM boot
(15 VMs)
OpenStack Rally - Boot VM from image
- Wait for ACTIVE state
- Repeat the above a total of 15 times
- Delete VMs
Compute node
steady-state VM
packing
cpu_bench.py - Boot 15 VMs in async fashion
- Sleep for 5 minutes (wait for steady-state)
- Delete all 15 VMs in async fashion
VM reboot
(5 VMs rebooted 5
times each)
- Soft reboot VM 5 times
- Delete VM
- Repeat the above a total of 5 times
VM snapshot
(1 VM, 1 snapshot)
- Snapshot VM to glance image
- Delete VM
Document v2.0

Test Descriptions: Guest Benchmarks
5/11/2014 13
Benchmark Benchmark Driver Description
Guest Runtime Benchmarks
CPU performance Sysbench from within the guest - Clear memory cache
- Run sysbench cpu test
- Repeat a total of 5 times
- Average results over the 5 times
OLTP (MySQL)
performance
Sysbench from within the guest - Clear memory cache
- Run sysbench OLTP test
MySQL Indexed insertion benchmark - Clear memory cache
- Run iibench for a total of 1M inserts printing stats at 100K
intervals
- Collect data over 5 runs & average
File I/O performance Sysbench from within the guest
- Synchronous IO
- Clear memory cache
- Run sysbench OLTP test
Memory performance Mbw from within the guest - Clear memory cache
- Run mbw with array size of 1000 MiB and each test 10 times
- Collect average over 10 runs per test
Network performance Netperf - Run netperf server on controller
- From guest run netperf client in IPv4 mode
- Repeat text 5x
- Average results
Application type
performance
Blogbench - Clear memory cache
- Run blogbench for 5 minutes
- Repeat 5 times
- Average read / write scores
Document v2.0

STEADY STATE VM PACKING
OpenStack Cloudy Benchmark
5/11/2014 14Document v2.0

Cloudy Performance: Steady State Packing
 Benchmark scenario overview
– Pre-cache VM image on compute node prior to test
– Boot 15 VM asynchronously in succession
– Wait for 5 minutes (to achieve steady-state on the
compute node)
– Delete all 15 VMs asynchronously in succession
 Benchmark driver
– cpu_bench.py
 High level goals
– Understand compute node characteristics under
steady-state conditions with 15 packed / active VMs
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47
ActiveVMs
Time
Benchmark Visualization
VMs
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10
20
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9
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65
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105
113
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137
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273
281
289
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305
313
321
CPUUsageInPercent
Time
Docker: Compute Node CPU (full test duration)
usr
sys
Averages
– 0.54
– 0.17
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1
9
17
25
33
41
49
57
65
73
81
89
97
105
113
121
129
137
145
153
161
169
177
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217
225
233
241
249
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273
281
289
297
305
313
321
329
337
345
CPUUsageInPercent
Time
KVM: Compute Node CPU (full test duration)
usr
sys
Averages
– 7.64
– 1.4
Document v2.0

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156
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186
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CPUUsageInPercent
Time (31s – 243s)
Docker: Compute Node Steady-State CPU (segment: 31s – 243s)
usr
sys
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1
6
11
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186
191
196
201
206
211
CPUUsageInPercent
Time (95s - 307s)
KVM: Compute Node Steady-State CPU (segment: 95s – 307s)
usr
sys
Averages
– 0.2
– 0.03
Averages
– 1.91
– 0.36
31 seconds
243 seconds
95 seconds
307 seconds
Document v2.0

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109
115
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133
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157
163
169
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181
187
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199
205
211
CPUUsageInPercent
Time: KVM(95s - 307s) Docker(31s – 243s)
Docker / KVM: Compute Node Steady-State CPU (Segment Overlay)
docker-usr
docker-sys
kvm-usr
kvm-sys
docker: 31s
KVM: 95s
docker: 243s
KVM: 307s
Docker Averages
– 0.2
– 0.03
KVM Averages
– 1.91
– 0.36
Document v2.0

5/11/2014 19
0.00E+00
1.00E+09
2.00E+09
3.00E+09
4.00E+09
5.00E+09
6.00E+09
7.00E+09
1
9
17
25
33
41
49
57
65
73
81
89
97
105
113
121
129
137
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161
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177
185
193
201
209
217
225
233
241
249
257
265
273
281
289
297
305
313
321
MemoryUsed
Time
Docker: Compute Node Used Memory (full test duration)
Memory
Delta
734 MB
Per VM
49 MB
0.00E+00
1.00E+09
2.00E+09
3.00E+09
4.00E+09
5.00E+09
6.00E+09
7.00E+09
1
10
19
28
37
46
55
64
73
82
91
100
109
118
127
136
145
154
163
172
181
190
199
208
217
226
235
244
253
262
271
280
289
298
307
316
325
334
MemoryUsed
Time
KVM: Compute Node Used Memory (full test duration)
Memory
Delta
4387 MB
Per VM
292 MB
Document v2.0

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0.00E+00
1.00E+09
2.00E+09
3.00E+09
4.00E+09
5.00E+09
6.00E+09
7.00E+09 1
10
19
28
37
46
55
64
73
82
91
100
109
118
127
136
145
154
163
172
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217
226
235
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262
271
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289
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307
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325
334
MemoryUsed
Axis Title
Docker / KVM: Compute Node Used Memory (Overlay)
kvm
docker
Document v2.0

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297
305
313
321
1MinuteLoadAverage
Time
Docker: Compute Node 1m Load Average (full test duration)
1m
Average
0.15 %
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1
9
17
25
33
41
49
57
65
73
81
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97
105
113
121
129
137
145
153
161
169
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209
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241
249
257
265
273
281
289
297
305
313
321
329
337
1MinuteLoadAverage
Time
KVM: Compute Node 1m Load Average (full test duration)
1m
Average
35.9 %
Document v2.0

SERIALLY BOOT 15 VMS
5/11/2014 22Document v2.0

Cloudy Performance: Serial VM Boot
– Boot VM
– Wait for VM to become ACTIVE
– Repeat the above steps for a total of 15 VMs
– Delete all VMs
– OpenStack Rally
– Understand compute node characteristics under
sustained VM boots
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8
10
12
14
16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
ActiveVMs
Time
VMs
Document v2.0

5/11/2014 24
3.529113102
5.781662448
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
docker KVM
TimeInSeconds
Average Server Boot Time
docker
KVM
Document v2.0

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30
35
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CPUUsageInPercent
Time
Docker: Compute Node CPU
usr
sys
Averages
– 1.39
– 0.57
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1
4
7
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CPUUsageInPercent
Time
KVM: Compute Node CPU Usage
usr
sys
Averages
– 13.45
– 2.23
Document v2.0

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1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101105109113117121125
CPUUsageInPercent
Time
Docker / KVM: Compute Node CPU (Unnormalized Overlay)
kvm-usr
kvm-sys
docker-usr
docker-sys
Document v2.0

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y = 0.0095x + 1.008
y = 0.3582x + 1.0633
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51
UsrCPUInPercent
Time (8s - 58s)
Docker / KVM: Serial VM Boot Usr CPU (segment: 8s - 58s)
docker(8-58)
kvm(8-58)
Linear (docker(8-58))
Linear (kvm(8-58))
8 seconds 58 seconds
Document v2.0

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0.00E+00
5.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.50E+09
2.00E+09
2.50E+09
3.00E+09
3.50E+09
4.00E+09
4.50E+09
5.00E+09
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79
MemoryUsed
Time
Docker: Compute Node Memory Used
Memory
Delta
677 MB
Per VM
45 MB
0.00E+00
1.00E+09
2.00E+09
3.00E+09
4.00E+09
5.00E+09
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101105109113117121125
MemoryUsed
Time
KVM: Compute Node Memory Used
Memory
Delta
2737 MB
Per VM
182 MB
Document v2.0

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0.00E+00
5.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.50E+09
2.00E+09
2.50E+09
3.00E+09
3.50E+09
4.00E+09
4.50E+09
5.00E+09
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101105109113117121125
MemoryUsed
Time
Docker / KVM: Compute Node Memory Used (Unnormalized Overlay)
kvm
docker
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y = 1E+07x + 1E+09
y = 3E+07x + 1E+09
0.00E+00
5.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.50E+09
2.00E+09
2.50E+09
3.00E+09
3.50E+09
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65
MemoryUsage
Time (1s - 67s)
Docker / KVM: Serial VM Boot Memory Usage (segment: 1s - 67s)
docker
kvm
Linear (docker)
Linear (kvm)
1 second 67 seconds
Document v2.0

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1MinuteLoadAverage
Time
Docker: Compute Node 1m Load Average
1m
Average
0.25 %
0
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35
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1MinuteLoadAverage
Time
KVM: Compute Node 1m Load Average
1m
Average
11.18 %
Document v2.0

SERIAL VM SOFT REBOOT
5/11/2014 32Document v2.0

Cloudy Performance: Serial VM Reboot
– Boot a VM & wait for it to become ACTIVE
– Soft reboot the VM and wait for it to become ACTIVE
• Repeat reboot a total of 5 times
– Delete VM
– Repeat the above for a total of 5 VMs
– OpenStack Rally
– Understand compute node characteristics under sustained VM reboots
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ActiveVMs
Time
Active VMs
Document v2.0

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2.577879581
124.433239
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
docker KVM
TimeInSeconds
Average Server Reboot Time
docker
KVM
Document v2.0

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3.567586041
3.479760051
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
docker KVM
TimeInSeconds
Average Server Delete Time
docker
KVM
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CPUUsageInPercent
Time
usr
sys
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
72
143
214
285
356
427
498
569
640
711
782
853
924
995
1066
1137
1208
1279
1350
1421
1492
1563
1634
1705
1776
1847
1918
1989
2060
2131
2202
2273
2344
2415
2486
2557
2628
2699
2770
2841
2912
2983
3054
3125
CPUUsageInPercent
Time
KVM: Compute Node CPU
usr
sys
Averages
– 0.69
– 0.26
Averages
– 0.84
– 0.18
Document v2.0

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0.00E+00
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1.00E+09
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MemoryUsed
Time
Docker: Compute Node Used Memory
Memory
Delta
48 MB
0.00E+00
5.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.50E+09
2.00E+09
2.50E+09
1
81
161
241
321
401
481
561
641
721
801
881
961
1041
1121
1201
1281
1361
1441
1521
1601
1681
1761
1841
1921
2001
2081
2161
2241
2321
2401
2481
2561
2641
2721
2801
2881
2961
3041
3121
MemoryUsed
Time
KVM: Compute Node Used Memory
Memory
Delta
486 MB
Document v2.0

5/11/2014 38
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1MinuteLoadAverage
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71
141
211
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351
421
491
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631
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1051
1121
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1261
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1471
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1611
1681
1751
1821
1891
1961
2031
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2171
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2381
2451
2521
2591
2661
2731
2801
2871
2941
3011
3081
3151
1MinuteLoadAverage
Time
KVM: Compute Node 1m Load Average
1m
Average
0.33 %
Document v2.0

SNAPSHOT VM TO IMAGE
5/11/2014 39Document v2.0

Cloudy Performance: Snapshot VM To Image
– Boot a VM
– Wait for it to become ACTIVE
– Snapshot the VM
– Wait for image to become ACTIVE
– Delete VM
– OpenStack Rally
– Understand cloudy ops times from a user perspective
5/11/2014 40Document v2.0

5/11/2014 41
36.88756394
48.02313805
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
docker KVM
TimeInSeconds
Average Snapshot Server Time
docker
KVM
Document v2.0

5/11/2014 42
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65
CPUUsageInPercent
Time
usr
sys
Averages
– 0.42
– 0.15
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
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7
10
13
16
19
22
25
28
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67
70
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76
79
82
85
88
91
94
97
100
103
106
109
112
115
CPUUsageInPercent
Time
KVM: Compute Node CPU
usr
sys
Averages
– 1.46
– 1.0
Document v2.0

5/11/2014 43
1.48E+09
1.5E+09
1.52E+09
1.54E+09
1.56E+09
1.58E+09
1.6E+09
1.62E+09
1.64E+09
1.66E+09
1.68E+09
1
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112
115
MemoryUsed
Time
KVM: Compute Node Used Memory
Memory
Delta
114 MB
1.6E+09
1.61E+09
1.62E+09
1.63E+09
1.64E+09
1.65E+09
1.66E+09
1.67E+09
1.68E+09
1.69E+09
1.7E+09
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65
MemoryUsed
Time
Docker: Compute Node Memory Used
Memory
Delta
57 MB
Document v2.0

5/11/2014 44
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65
1MinuteLoadAverage
Time
1m
Average
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Time
KVM: Compute node 1m Load Average
1m
Average
0.47 %
Document v2.0

GUEST PERFORMANCE
BENCHMARKS
Guest VM Benchmark
5/11/2014 45Document v2.0

Configuring Docker Container for 2CPU x 4G RAM
 Configuring docker LXC for 2CPU x 4G RAM
– Pin container to 2 CPUs / Mems
• Create cpuset cgroup
• Pin group to cpuset.mems to 0,1
• Pin group to cpuset.cpus to 0,1
• Add container root proc to tasks
– Limit container memory to 4G
• Create memory cgroup
• Set memory.limit_in_bytes to 4G
• Add container root proc to tasks
– Limit blkio
• Create blkio cgroup
• Add container root process of LXC to tasks
• Default blkio.weight of 500
5/11/2014 46Document v2.0

Guest Performance: CPU
 Linux sysbench 0.4.12 cpu test
 Calculate prime numbers up to 20000
 2 threads
 Instance size
– 4G RAM
– 2 CPU cores
– 20G disk
5/11/2014 47Document v2.0

Guest Performance: CPU
5/11/2014 48
15.26 15.22 15.13
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Bare Metal docker KVM
Seconds
Calculate Primes Up To 20000
Bare Metal
docker
KVM
Document v2.0

Guest Performance: Memory
 Linux mbw 1.1.1-2
 Instance size
– 2 CPU
– 4G memory
 Execution options
– 10 runs; average
– 1000 MiB
5/11/2014 49Document v2.0

Guest Performance: Memory
5/11/2014 50
3823.3
4393.3
12881.61
3813.38
4395.92
12905.68
3428.95 3461.59
7223.23
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
MEMCPY DUMB MCBLOCK
MiB/s
Memory Test
Memory Benchmark Performance
Bare Metal (MiB/s)
docker (MiB/s)
KVM (MiB/s)
Document v2.0

Guest Performance: Network
 Netperf 2.5.0-1
– Netserver running on controller
– Netperf on guest
– Run netperf 5 times & average results
 Instance size
– 2 CPU
– 4G memory
 Execution options
– IPv4 / TCP
5/11/2014 51Document v2.0

Guest Performance: Network
5/11/2014 52
940.26 940.56
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
docker KVM
ThroughputIn10^6bits/second
Network Throughput
docker
KVM
Document v2.0

Guest Performance: File I/O Random Read
 Linux sysbench 0.4.12 fileio test
– Synchronous IO
– Random read
– Total file size of 150G
– 16K block size
– Test duration of 100s
 Thread variations: 1, 8, 16, 32, 64
 Instance size
– 4G RAM
– 2 CPU cores
– 200G disk
 KVM specs
– Disk cache mode set to none
– Virtio
– Deadline scheduler (host & guest)
 Docker specs
– AUFS storage driver
– Deadline scheduler
5/11/2014 53Document v2.0

Guest Performance: File I/O Random Read
5/11/2014 54
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1 2 4 8 16 32 64
TotalTransferredInKb/sec
Threads
Sysbench Synchronous File I/O Random Read
docker
KVM
Document v2.0

Guest Performance: File I/O Random Read / Write
 Linux sysbench 0.4.12 fileio test
– Synchronous IO
– Random read
– Total file size of 150G
– 16K block size
– Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
– Test duration of 100s
 Thread variations: 1, 8, 16, 32, 64
 Instance size
– 4G RAM
– 2 CPU cores
– 200G disk
 KVM specs
– Virtio
 Docker specs
5/11/2014 55Document v2.0

Guest Performance: File I/O Random Read / Write
5/11/2014 56
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1 2 4 8 16 32 64
TotalTransferredInKb/sec
Threads
Sysbench Synchronous File I/O Random Read/Write @ R/W Ratio of 1.50
docker
KVM
Document v2.0

Guest Performance: MySQL OLTP
 Linux sysbench 0.4.12 oltp test
– Table size of 2,000,000
– MySQL 5.5 (installed on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS with apt-get)
– 60 second iterations
– Default MySQL cnf settings
 Variations
– Number of threads
– Transactional random read & transactional random read / write
 Instance size
– 4G RAM
– 2 CPU cores
– 20G disk
5/11/2014 57Document v2.0

5/11/2014 58
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
1 2 4 8 16 32 64
TotalTransactions
Threads
MySQL OLTP Random Transactional Reads (60s)
docker
KVM
Document v2.0

5/11/2014 59
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1 2 4 8 16 32 64
TotalTransactions
Threads
MySQL OLTP Random Transactional R/W (60s)
docker
KVM
Document v2.0

Guest Performance: MySQL Indexed Insertion
 Indexed insertion benchmark (iibench python script)
– A total of 1,000,000 insertions
– Print stats at 100K intervals
 Instance size
– 4G RAM
– 2 CPU cores
– 20G disk
5/11/2014 60Document v2.0

Guest Performance: MySQL Indexed Insertion
5/11/2014 61
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 900000 1000000
SecondsPer100KInsertionBatch
Table Size In Rows
MySQL Indexed Insertion @ 100K Intervals
docker
kvm
Document v2.0

Guest Performance: BlogBench
 Blogbench 1.1
– Test duration of 5m
– Average results over 5 iterations of test
 Instance size
– 4G RAM
– 2 CPU cores
– 200G disk
 KVM specs
– Virtio
 Docker specs
5/11/2014 62Document v2.0

Guest Performance: BlogBench
5/11/2014 63
398772.6 384769
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
docker KVM
Score
Blogbench Read Scores
docker
KVM
1526.6
1285
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
docker KVM
Score
Blogbench Write Scores
docker
KVM
Document v2.0

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
5/11/2014 64Document v2.0

Cloud Management Impacts on LXC
5/11/2014 65
0.17
3.529113102
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
docker cli nova-docker
Seconds
Docker: Boot Container - CLI vs Nova Virt
docker cli
nova-docker
Cloud management often caps true ops performance of LXC
Document v2.0

Ubuntu MySQL Image Size
5/11/2014 Document v2.0 66
381.5
1080
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
docker kvm
SizeInMB
Docker / KVM: Ubuntu MySQL
docker
kvm
Out of the box JeOS images for docker are lightweight

Other Observations
 Micro “synthetic” benchmarks do not reflect macro “application” performance
– Always benchmark your “real” workload
 Nova-docker virt driver still under development
– Great start, but additional features needed for parity (python anyone?)
– Additions to the nova-docker driver could change Cloudy performance
 Docker LXC is still under development
– Docker has not yet released v1.0 for production readiness
 KVM images can be made skinnier, but requires additional effort
 Increased density / oversubscription imposes additional complexity
– Techniques to handle resource consumption surges which exceed capacity
5/11/2014 Document v2.0 67

REFERENCE
5/11/2014 68Document v2.0

References & Related Links
 http://www.slideshare.net/BodenRussell/realizing-linux-containerslxc
 http://www.slideshare.net/BodenRussell/kvm-and-docker-lxc-benchmarking-with-
openstack
 https://github.com/bodenr/cloudy-docker-kvm-bench
 https://www.docker.io/
 http://sysbench.sourceforge.net/
 http://dag.wiee.rs/home-made/dstat/
 http://www.openstack.org/
 https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Rally
 https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Docker
 http://devstack.org/
 http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page
 https://github.com/stackforge/nova-docker
 https://github.com/dotcloud/docker-registry
 http://www.netperf.org/netperf/
 http://www.tokutek.com/products/iibench/
 http://www.brendangregg.com/activebenchmarking.html
5/11/2014 69Document v2.0

Cloudy Benchmark: Serially Boot 15 VMs
 KVM
+------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| action | count | max (sec) | avg (sec) | min (sec) | 90 percentile | 95 percentile |
+------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| nova.boot_server | 15 | 7.37148094177 | 5.78166244825 | 4.77369403839 | 6.67956886292 | 7.07061390877 |
+------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
| max (sec) | avg (sec) | min (sec) | 90 pecentile | 95 percentile | success/total | total times |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
| 7.58968496323 | 6.00853565534 | 4.99443006516 | 6.91288709641 | 7.28662061691 | 1.0 | 15 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
 Docker
+------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| nova.boot_server | 15 | 5.18499684334 | 3.52911310196 | 2.93864893913 | 4.74490590096 | 4.95752367973 |
+------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
| 5.43275094032 | 3.77053097089 | 3.12985610962 | 4.95886874199 | 5.18047580719 | 1.0 | 15 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
5/11/2014 70Document v2.0

 KVM
+--------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+--------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| nova.reboot_server | 10 | 124.900292158 | 124.433238959 | 123.947879076 | 124.881286669 | 124.890789413 |
| nova.boot_server | 2 | 7.05096197128 | 6.82815694809 | 6.6053519249 | 7.00640096664 | 7.02868146896 |
| nova.delete_server | 2 | 4.46658396721 | 3.47976005077 | 2.49293613434 | 4.26921918392 | 4.36790157557 |
+--------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
| 633.087348938 | 632.493344903 | 631.899340868 | 632.968548131 | 633.027948534 | 0.4 | 5 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
 Docker
+--------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+--------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| nova.reboot_server | 25 | 4.48567795753 | 2.57787958145 | 2.35410904884 | 3.0847319603 | 3.48342533112 |
| nova.boot_server | 5 | 4.16244912148 | 3.5675860405 | 3.05103397369 | 4.03664107323 | 4.09954509735 |
+--------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
| 21.5702910423 | 19.9976443768 | 18.7037060261 | 20.997631073 | 21.2839610577 | 1.0 | 5 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
5/11/2014 71Document v2.0

Cloud Performance: Snapshot VM To Image
 KVM
+--------------------+-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
+--------------------+-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| nova.delete_image | 1 | 0.726859092712 | 0.726859092712 | 0.726859092712 | 0.726859092712 | 0.726859092712 |
| nova.create_image | 1 | 48.0231380463 | 48.0231380463 | 48.0231380463 | 48.0231380463 | 48.0231380463 |
| nova.boot_server | 2 | 32.7824101448 | 19.4164011478 | 6.05039215088 | 30.1092083454 | 31.4458092451 |
+--------------------+-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
| 104.401446104 | 104.401446104 | 104.401446104 | 104.401446104 | 104.401446104 | 1.0 | 1 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
 Docker (defect deleting image)
+--------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+--------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| nova.create_image | 1 | 36.8875639439 | 36.8875639439 | 36.8875639439 | 36.8875639439 | 36.8875639439 |
| nova.boot_server | 2 | 3.96964478493 | 3.84809792042 | 3.72655105591 | 3.94533541203 | 3.95749009848 |
+--------------------+-------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
| n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0 | 1 |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------------+---------------+---------------+-------------+
5/11/2014 72Document v2.0

KVM and docker LXC Benchmarking with OpenStack

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