The University of Cambridge takes its academic integrity seriously. As a student you will be expected to properly reference your sources using the Harvard style. In this session, we will cover the University’s policy on plagiarism and provide you with an introduction to the Harvard Referencing Style. This will be followed by a demonstration of Zotero, an open source referencing management tool.

1. Cambridge Judge Business School
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY &
REFERENCING
Ange Fitzpatrick @angefitzpatrick
Andrew Alexander @MrAndrew_A
Katie Hughes @KatherineAnneH
Information & Library Services

2. Cambridge Judge Business School
today’s session
• define plagiarism and the Cambridge specific rules
• real plagiarism examples from CJBS
• Harvard Referencing Style
• reference management tools
• how you’ll be caught and what might happen
• questions
Information & Library Services

3. photo credit: Castane via photopin CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
Ed Sheeran
$20m
plagiarism
lawsuit for the
song
Photograph

4. photo credit: marcn via flickr CC BY 2.0
Melania Trump
speech bore
startling
similarity to
Michelle Obama’s

5. definition of plagiarism
Plagiarism: using someone else’s ideas, words,
data, or other material produced by them
without acknowledgement
Irrespective of intent to deceive

6. seven deadly sins of plagiarism

7. #1 quoting verbatim another person’s work without
acknowledging the source

8. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Cinderella_Castle.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuschwanstein_Castl
paraphrasing another person’s work by changing some
of the words, or the order of the words, without
acknowledging the source
#2

9. #3 using ideas without reference to the person
who had the ideas in the first place

10. contract cheating - submitting work created
by someone else without acknowledgment
#4

11. self-plagiarism - submitting material that
you have already used before#5

12. colluding with a classmate on a piece of work, when
that work is not a permitted joint or team project#6

13. law & ethics –including fabrication, impersonation and
bringing the university into disrepute#7

14. intentional and unintentional
plagiarism @ Judge
photo credit: Mark! Ch. via flickr CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

15. photo credit: Mark! Ch. via flickr CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
This is a real-life example of plagiarism at the Judge by a former student. The text that is highlighted in
red is a market research report from one of our databases that was copied & pasted. This is an obvious
example of deliberate plagiarism. It was easily detected as the essay is written like a market research
report and not like a student essay with references in the text.

16. photo credit: Mark! Ch. via flickr CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
This is another essay submitted by a student. Again, the sentences highlighted in red have been
plagiarised. Click to the next slide for a breakdown of what happened:

17. photo credit: Mark! Ch. via flickr CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
In the first paragraph, the sentences highlighted in red are paraphrased sections from a Heifetz
article. There was an attempt at referencing as the author’s name is mentioned at the beginning of
the sentence. However, it is an incomplete reference as the date of publication is missing. Without
the date there is no way to trace which Heifetz article the student was reading. Because this is an
incomplete reference, this would be considered plagiarism.

18. photo credit: Mark! Ch. via flickr CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
In the second paragraph, the sentences highlighted in red are direct quotes from an article. No
attempt has been made to reference the resource that the quotes have come from. The writer has
also failed to include quotation marks indicating a direct quote. This is another example of
plagiarism.

19. photo credit: Mark! Ch. via flickr CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
As for the final paragraph, there are two ideas that are highlighted in red and surrounded by single quotes. Part
of referencing is giving people credit for the work and ideas they have created. General knowledge such as the
earth is round doesn’t need to be referenced; however, if the ideas that you refer to in your papers are subject
specific, there is a good chance that a reader outside of the discipline will not know them, so these need to be
referenced. Again, no attempt has been made to reference the resource or author that created the ideas. For
more information on General Knowledge, visit Cite Them Right: https://www-citethemrightonline-
com.proxy.jbs.cam.ac.uk/Basics/what-is-common-knowledge
Unlike the first essay, these are examples of unintentional plagiarism. Perhaps this was due to poor note taking
or the student ran out of time and failed to go back and insert their citations. Whatever the reason, the
university views intentional and unintentional plagiarism as a violation of academic integrity.

20. Harvard Referencing Style
has anyone used it before?
photo credit: Kirsty Andrewes via flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
To avoid plagiarising another person’s work, you must reference the resources that you are using in
your research. At CJBS you will be required to use the Harvard Referencing style. If there is another
style that you prefer, please be sure to speak to your supervisor or course team before submitting
your essay as you may be marked down for using another style without prior approval.

21. Harvard Referencing Style
Harvard Style is the preferred referencing style at CJBS.
Example for a book:
Direct quote in your text:
“When in doubt, go to the library” (Rowling, 1998, p. 189).
Reference in bibliography:
Rowling, J.K. (1998) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.
London: Bloomsbury.

22. Harvard Referencing Style
In-text citation for a direct quote:
(Rowling, 1998, p. 189).
Author Date Page
Number
The full stop
comes after the
in-text citation.

23. Harvard Referencing Style
Reference in bibliography:
Rowling, J.K. (1998) Harry Potter and the Chamber of
Secrets. London: Bloomsbury.
Author Date Title
Place of
publication
Publisher
Only the first
word and
proper nouns
should be
capitalized.

24. Harvard Referencing Style
Reference in bibliography:
Rowling, J.K. (1998) Harry Potter and the Chamber of
Secrets. London: Bloomsbury.
Comma
& Period
Parentheses Italics
Period Colon Period
Punctuation is
important in
references so
you need to
pay attention
to all the
commas, full
stops, and
italics.

25. Harvard Referencing Style
Example for a journal article:
Paraphrased in your text:
Crews (2013) highlights the impact of Professor Umbridge
immediately meeting with active resistance from Hogwarts
students in relation to…
Reference in bibliography:
Crews, J. D. (2013) ‘Harry Potter and the intentional change - a strategic
analysis of intentional culture at Hogwarts’, Organization Development
Journal, 31(3), pp. 17-22. Available at
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1467437336?accountid=9851
(Accessed: 5 June 2018).
If you decide
to use the
author’s name
in a sentence,
this will
change the
format of the
in-text
citation.

26. Harvard Referencing Style
Crews, J. D. (2013) ‘Harry Potter and the intentional change - a strategic analysis of
intentional culture at Hogwarts’, Organization Development Journal, 31(3), pp. 17-22.
Available at https://search.proquest.com/docview/1467437336?accountid=9851
(Accessed: 5 June 2018).
Journal title
Date accessed
URL
Volume, issue number
and page range
Reference list:
There is more
information
required to
reference a
journal article.

27. one thing to
remember...

28. there are no
footnotes
with Harvard
Style

29. there are no
footnotes
with Harvard
Style
That also means there is no ibid either. Footnotes can be used to elaborate on a topic (this will be
included in your word count), but they are not to be used for citations.

30. referencing tools
photo credit: florianric via flickr CC BY 2.0
There are a lot of different referencing tools out there. We will show you two resources that the
Library supports. The first is Cite Them Right which is a referencing database. The second is a
reference management software tool called Zotero.

31. Cite Them Right is a referencing database used to answer any troubling referencing questions. This
is the best place to go to find out how to reference a resource in the Harvard style. There is a link to
Cite Them Right on the CJBS database page.

32. There are a number of software management tools out there such as EndNote, Papers, and
Mendeley. The CJBS Library offers support for Zotero. Choose the one that works best for you.
Zotero is a free open source referencing management tool available to download online at
Zotero.org. It can help you manage your resources and your in-text citations and reference list.
Zotero works on both PCs and macs using FireFox and Chrome. It does not work with the Safari
browser. Contact the Library team if you want any help using Zotero at infolib@jbs.cam.ac.uk.

33. note taking
…or the old fashioned way
photo credit: H. Michael arrighi via flickr CC BY 2.0
It doesn’t matter if you use a management tool or not. Find the way that works best for you.
Referencing is something that you need to think about when you are beginning your research, not
when you are writing up. You want to ensure that you take careful notes, so that when you come to
writing up you don’t need to worry about your references.

34. how will I be found out?
A lot of students wonder how people get caught plagiarising. There are a number of ways that
plagiarism can be detected.

35. different writing style
photo credit: jjpacres via flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
The people marking your paper do this a lot and they can pick up on a person’s writing style. When
that style changes suddenly, that can be a red-flag to a marker. They may stop and copy and paste
those sentences into Google to see what comes up.

36. lack of references
It is difficult to imagine that if you have written a carefully researched 5,000 word essay that your
reference list will look like this. The markers may wonder where you got all that information from.

37. text familiarity
photo credit: [phil h] via flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Your lecturers have probably read a fair amount of the articles that you will be citing. They also
know other researchers in the field and have read their papers and attended conferences with
them. So, it’s not surprising that as they read through papers they may begin to recognize someone
else’s work. I would also mention that if you are going to use your lecturer’s work as part of your
research then be sure to cite it because you can bet they will recognize that!

38. The university does use the Turnitin software to check student’s essays. This compares your essay
with loads of resources including previous student essays, online reports, and current student work.
Last year, Turnitin discovered five identical essays from five different universities across the UK
submitted by students. All the essays had come from an essay mill.
The central university has decided that students cannot access Turnitin to test their papers.

39. what are the consequences?
So, what kind of horrible punishments await a student if they are guilty of plagiarism…

40. investigation
photo credit: Shankyslens via flickr CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
If a marker suspects plagiarism, they will report
it to the school administrators who will launch
an investigation to determine the severity of
the plagiarism.
They will decide if the plagiarised work is
considered a minor or major breach.

41. minor breach
If it is determined that it has been a minor breach…

42. marks deducted
photo credit: ralphunden via flickr
Your paper may get re-marked with the
plagiarised parts removed, so your grade will
be reduced.

43. re-submit for capped mark
You could be asked to re-write the essay and re-submit it for a capped mark (this is on top of all the
other coursework you will be doing).

44. major breach
However, if it is determined that the plagiarism has been a major breach, then it is no longer an internal
school issue and it will be reported to the central university.

45. discipline committee
photo credit: Joe Gratz via flickr CCO
A discipline committee will be held and the university administrator (i.e. the university’s lawyer) will
question you regarding your work. We have it on good authority that this is an extremely unpleasant
experience.

46. removal from degree programme
The most serious punishment would be removal from your degree program without your tuition being
refunded.

47. financial penalty
There also might be a financial penalty where you will need to pay for the work that you plagiarised.
There are different levels of punishment when it comes to a major breach, for example, one student was
asked to write public apologies to all the people that they plagiarised.

48. add to the Cambridge story
why bother?
add marks to your score
add weight to your argument

49. help available
blog
refresher sessions
guidance, tips and 1-1 support
While we can’t review your
references for you (as it is
evaluated), we can provide
support. If you have a
question about how to
reference a resource or need
help with Zotero, please do
get in touch.

50. questions?
infolib@jbs.cam.ac.uk