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A comparison of single and multi-stream recycling systems in 
Ontario, Canada
http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/4/2/384
By: Dr. Calvin Lakhan
http://wastewiki.info.yorku.ca/
lakhanc@yorku.ca
Overview
• Study examined differences in cost and recycling
performance between single and multi stream recycling
systems in Ontario
• 223 Municipalities over a 10 year period
• Study focused on:
• Are material management costs for single stream less
than multi stream?
• Are recycling rates for single stream higher than multi
stream?
• Do multi stream systems report higher revenue from
sale of recyclables?
Methods
• Data obtained from the Waste Diversion Ontario Data Call (223
municipalities over a 10 year period)
• Regression model developed to gauge the effect of single vs multi
stream recycling systems on recycling rates and program costs
• Variables in the regression include:
RR = Municipal Recycling Rates (%)
SS = 1 if municipality has single stream system (0 otherwise)
PC = Municipal Program Costs ($)
TP = Municipal transfer payments ($)
PE = Municipal promotion and education expenditures (per household) ($)
PAYT = 1 if municipality implements pay as you throw scheme (0 otherwise)
CURB = 1 if municipality implements a curbside recycling system (0 otherwise)
INC = Median income Per Capita ($)
AGE = Median Age
EDUC = % of Population with College education or higher
DEN = Population Density per square kilometer
Results
• Single stream systems more expensive than multi stream systems
• Single stream systems recovery slightly more material
Conclusions
• Study findings contravene previous investigations which
normally show that single stream recycling is cheaper
• Municipalities must consider site and situation specific
factors when deciding between a single or multi stream
recycling system
Conclusions
• Study findings contravene previous investigations which
normally show that single stream recycling is cheaper
• Municipalities must consider site and situation specific
factors when deciding between a single or multi stream
recycling system

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A comparison of single and multi stream recycling systems in Ontario

  • 2. Overview • Study examined differences in cost and recycling performance between single and multi stream recycling systems in Ontario • 223 Municipalities over a 10 year period • Study focused on: • Are material management costs for single stream less than multi stream? • Are recycling rates for single stream higher than multi stream? • Do multi stream systems report higher revenue from sale of recyclables?
  • 3. Methods • Data obtained from the Waste Diversion Ontario Data Call (223 municipalities over a 10 year period) • Regression model developed to gauge the effect of single vs multi stream recycling systems on recycling rates and program costs • Variables in the regression include: RR = Municipal Recycling Rates (%) SS = 1 if municipality has single stream system (0 otherwise) PC = Municipal Program Costs ($) TP = Municipal transfer payments ($) PE = Municipal promotion and education expenditures (per household) ($) PAYT = 1 if municipality implements pay as you throw scheme (0 otherwise) CURB = 1 if municipality implements a curbside recycling system (0 otherwise) INC = Median income Per Capita ($) AGE = Median Age EDUC = % of Population with College education or higher DEN = Population Density per square kilometer
  • 4. Results • Single stream systems more expensive than multi stream systems • Single stream systems recovery slightly more material
  • 5. Conclusions • Study findings contravene previous investigations which normally show that single stream recycling is cheaper • Municipalities must consider site and situation specific factors when deciding between a single or multi stream recycling system
  • 6. Conclusions • Study findings contravene previous investigations which normally show that single stream recycling is cheaper • Municipalities must consider site and situation specific factors when deciding between a single or multi stream recycling system