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核醫MP SPET影像處理與品管
Image Processing Parameters and Quality Control
for The Nuclear Myocardial Perfusion SPET
中華民國醫事放射師公會全國聯合會繼續教育講師:吳志毅
服務單位:長庚醫院北院區核子醫學科暨分子影像中心
MP SPET的掃瞄-成像流程
核醫的成像遵循我們所熟知的「影像處理」流程,
一般可以細分為以下幾部分:
i.擷取影像(訊號):藉由核醫設備進行訊號收集。
ii.影像重組:將收集得來的訊號,轉為有意義的實質影像。
iii.就實質影像進行分析處理,以得到實用的價值。
Acquisition
擷取影像 Processing
影像處理
臨床目前常用重組方式為:
Filter Back Projection:
影像品質取決於選用的發散或是集中趨勢的濾波器
(filter)及其在頻率空間(frequency domain)上高低頻截止頻
率(cut off frequency)的設定。
Iterative:
影像品質決定於設定的採樣次數(Iteration)、採樣組
數(subset)以及選用的發散或集中趨勢的方式。
Ramp filter
0
50
100
0 100Frequency
Amplitude
優點:
‧處理速度快,電腦負擔小.
‧應用普遍,大部分的醫師
較能接受.
缺點:
‧各個角度訊號重組時雜訊
亦混入造成星狀假影.
‧影像重組時無法修正設備
如準直儀等造成之影響.
‧Filter多為RAMP與某一函
數轉換得來,雜訊易隨訊
號放大.
FBP 的 優 缺 點
▼ cut-off frequency 的影響
▼ noise & artifacts
Iterative的 優 缺 點
優點:
‧無雜訊混入之問題.
‧h = P‧λ可藉由P的乘積,帶
入系統、幾何等效應修正.
‧OSEM使用子層(subset)的概
念可加快收斂時間.
缺點:
‧收斂時計算量大,電腦負擔大
、速度慢.
‧許多臨床醫師不習慣.
Iterative的 優 缺 點
▼ noise & artifacts的影響較小
▼ noise 受重組條件影響較大
影像重組的參數-如何找到合適的設定
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Vol. 32, No. 7, July 2005
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Vol. 32, No. 7, July 2005
影像重組的參數-如何找到合適的設定
FBP Bw Cf._0.2Od._6
?您滿意嗎?
影像重組的參數-如何找到合適的設定
OSEM I2S2 Post-Bw
Cf._0.352Od._19.56
?您滿意嗎?
▼resolution recovery method
▲ ▼ Tl-201_2mCi, 32Sec-6°-step :Reconstruction@FBP
▼ Tl-201_2mCi, 32Sec-6°-step :Reconstruction@ASTONISH
▼ Point source @ 2mm Pixel size
FBP WBR
FBP WBR
▲ Point source @ 4mm Pixel size
▼ Line source
FBP
WBR
▼resolution recovery method
Ultra-SPECT Xpress.cardiac™ _Wide Beam Reconstruction
標準從嚴:Sp↑ Se↓:Fn↑標準從寬:Sp↓ Se↑:Fp↑
Threshold
?靈敏度與特異性(Sensitivity, Specificity)
?陽性陰性預測值與盛行度(PPVNPV, Prevalence)
▼ 使用心臟假體協助評估
EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION METHODS
Benjamin M.W. Tsui, Ph.D. DivisionofMedicalImagingPhysicsTheRussellH.MorganDepartmentofRadiologyandRadiologicalScience
影像重組的參數-其他的輔助工具:衰減校正(Attenuationcorrection)
Position QC of CTAC
▼ 衰減校正(Attenuation correction)
Position QC & Energy QC of CTAC
▼ 衰減校正(Attenuation correction)
AC→
NAC→
AC→
NAC→
AC→
NAC→
AC→
NAC→
▼ 衰減校正(Attenuation correction)
影像重組的參數-其他的輔助工具:散射校正(Scattercorrection)
▼ 散射校正(Scatter correction)
影像重組的參數-其他的輔助工具:移動假影修正(Motioncorrection)
▼ 移動假影修正(Motion correction)
影像重組的參數有幾件事情是重要的:
一、明瞭造影過程的影響
壓力負載的程度、藥物分佈、每禎影像收集時間長短間隔角度、輔助
設備與技術。
二、重組影像的技術
resolution recovery filter\Deconvolution filter、FBPIter:
ACnAC、GAEDnGATED、SCnSC .
三、沒有明確的「好影像-壞影像」分界
重組的影像結果需要藉助團隊討論,除了評估靈敏度、特異性、與臨床
其他檢查工具的比較結果之外,也應留意所在醫院的疾病盛行度等臨床
狀況。
Acquisition
擷取影像
Reconstruction
影像重組
結果影像的處理-定向(orientation)
*「「左心室水平長軸向(Horizontal long axis);LVHLA」心軸偏離」為一種影像檢
查結果表現,可能發生在正常人或具有左心室肥大或肺氣腫病史的病人身上。一般
而言,較瘦或具有肺氣腫病史的受檢者,多可能發生LVHLA心軸右偏(順時針)的
情形。較胖或具有左心室肥大病史的受檢者,多可能發生LVHLA左偏(逆時針)的
情形。
Tl-201 Chloride MP SPET of :「左心室水平長軸向(Horizontal long axis);LVHLA」心軸偏離
?常見的問題:心軸偏離
Tl-201 Chloride MP SPET of :「左心室水平長軸向(Horizontal long axis);LVHLA」心軸偏離
*若影像結果發現有「LVHLA心軸偏離」的情形,在影像處理時,可以HLA上兩側壁
(Sept. wall與Lat. wall)的心基端(base, proximal)連線,將此連線保持水平,以凸顯「心軸偏
離」以及「側壁(Lat. wall)」變形的情形。較常發生的錯誤,則是以「心尖(apex)」與
「心基部兩端連線中點」為縱軸(如圖),除了無法顯示「心軸偏離」的情形外,亦會
致使「心室壁」顯示異常增厚。
Tc-99m MIBI MP SPET
?常見的問題:腸胃道干擾
Mask tool
MP SPET with position  orientation errorANT
POST
L R
ANT
POST
?常見的問題:受檢者擺位
MP SPET with position  orientation error
ANT
POST
L R
ANT
POST
‧明暗調整:序列影像一致性
‧壓力相 - 休息相一致性
‧序列影像位置標示
‧線性輸入輸出,比例一致性
結果影像的處理 -排序(slice seriers)
compare w IRACSCIRNACFBP
‧使用輔助工具前後之結果應一
併比較
‧特殊的處理條件方法應予標示
‧應隨影像附上色階
RPO45°→LAO45°Tl-201 Chloride MP SPET of dextrocardialTl-201 Chloride MP SPET of dextrocardial RAO45°→LPO45°
?常見的問題:dextrocardial
亮一點?暗一點?
?常見的問題:brightness與contrast
Gamma ratio = 亮度:對比
其他的輔助工具–心極圖(Polar map)
QC of Polar map *Volume (for one slice) = (π/4) ‧H‧V‧T
QC of Polar map
QC of Polar map
▼ vessels
▼ walls ▼ 20 segments
▼ 17 segments
Volume Per Slice *Simpson Rule
(π ‧MaxRadius2 ) - (π ‧MinRadius2 ) *π= 3.14159
Stress Perfusion %
(StrCts._Avg/ StrMax Cts._Avg)‧100%
Rest Perfusion %
(RstCts._Avg/ RstMax Cts._Avg)‧100%
Washout %
(StrAvg. Cts - RstAvg. Cts) / Stress Avg. Cts‧100%
Redistribution %
(Perfusion%‧(100-Washout%)/(100-Ref.Washout%))-Perfusion%
*If redistribution % is less than 0, then redistribution % = 0.
*For Tc-99m agents studies, the ischemia score is calculated
instead of the redistribution.
QC of Polar map
For Tc-99m agents, the following correction factors apply. The following aspects
have to be considered: decay, administered dose, global washout of approximately
20% in 3 hours, rest uptake of the previous tracer dose.
B1 Factor
1 + 0.125 * (Stress time between injection and acquisition / 100) ‧e (0.00192 * Stress time before acquisition)
Rest Perfusion %
1 + 0.125 * (Rest time between injection and acquisition /100)‧e (0.00192 * Rest time before acquisition)
Compensate for Rest acquisition before the stress acquisition
Rst_H2 Factor = 1 - 0.125 * Total Time / 100;If H2 Factor is less than 0, then H2 Factor = 0
Str_H2 Factor = Rst_H2 Factor / e(0.00192 * Total Time) ‧ RstDose / StrDose
*Total time = time between stress and rest + stress time between injection and acquisition (min)
Compensate for Stress acquisition before the rest acquisition
Rst_H2 Factor = 1 - 0.125 * Total Time / 100;If H2 Factor is less than 0, then H2 Factor = 0
Str_H2 Factor = Rst_H2 Factor / e(0.00192 * Total Time) ‧ RstDose / StrDose
*Total time = time between stress and rest + stress time between injection and acquisition (min)
其他的輔助工具-射血分率與心室壁運動(EjectionFraction&wallmotion)
‧功能性評估:藥物分佈
不佳之區域術後功能尚
未回復之區域
‧排除藥物分佈近端血管
虹吸現象 等因素影響
QC of EF&WM
▼ Time bin x 16▼ Time bin x 8
QC of EF&WM
其他的輔助工具-3D顯像(3D surface rendering display)
QC of 3D-SRD
其他的輔助工具-心-肺攝取比值(Heart-lung uptake ratio)
Normal color
scale
10 step color
scale
scale percentage = 嚴重程度?!scale percentage ≠ 嚴重程度!
其他的輔助工具-梯度色階(step color scale)
其他的輔助工具-環示圖(Circum map)
結 語
錯誤重組條件:參數設定、修正因子…
輔助設備套用錯誤:外部衰減、內插法、散射修正…
Acquisition ←取樣錯誤
←重組錯誤
←處理錯誤
錯誤取樣條件:能窗、收集時間、間隔角度…
各式假影:移動假影、金屬假影、藥物分佈不均...
Reconstruction
Process
Display
錯誤處理方式:定位、排序、色階與比迦瑪值…
不適宜的措施:來源資料資料庫失當…
←輸出錯誤
不適宜的輸出設備:加/減色原理、動態區間不符…
輸出設備瑕疵:輸出設備雜訊故障…
▼ Myocardial Perfusion SPET的error source
合適的影像重組條件:團隊討論、假體示演
∟制訂修改權限、特殊處理條件註明與記錄、定期檢視與判讀討論
輔助工具的確認:正確的使用情境、結果核對
∟人員教育、使用未使用輔助技術的結果一併呈現
正確的影像處理方式:團隊討論、人員教育
∟制訂處理標準、建立異常事件教案、人員教育、判讀討論
輔助措施的確認:引入新知、結果核對
∟人員教育、軟體更新、判讀討論
合適的輸出裝置:假體示演比對
∟與判讀螢幕的一致性、建立資料核對機制
輸出設備的品質:保養維護
∟制訂保養工作與頻率
放射師
核醫醫師
放射師
臨床醫師
MPSPET結果影像
MPSPET結果影像
報告
報告
核醫醫師
感 謝 您 的 聆 聽
Thanks for your attention !
台北市10356大同區重慶北路二段35號6樓之1
電話:02-25585191
cart@mail2000.com.tw

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核醫心肌血流灌注SPECT影像處理與品管