3. 試問 下列列三者有何差別?
• 投資(Investment)
• 投機(Speculation)
• 賭博(Gamble)
3
開始之前...
Luenberger (2013), “Investment is defined as the current commitment of
resources in order to achieve later benefits”, -Investment Science
31. 分散化風險的常⾒見見⼯工具
31
風險管理理
Tool: 被動式指數化基⾦金金(ETF)
Example:
台股 0050, 0051, 006204…;
美股/全球股市 SPY, VT, VTI, VXUS,…
債卷 BND, BNDX, BWX,…
兩兩個重點:
內扣比率(Expanse Ratio) & 資產分散程度
http://www.morningstar.com/etfs/XTAI/0050/quote.html
John Bogle, “If investors could rely on only a single factor to select future superior
performers and to avoid future inferior performers, it would be fund costs”