It took three centuries before the Filipinos unite against the Spanish rule to fight for their rights. In this presentation, we will discuss the following factors that caused the uprising of Filipino Nationalism.

1. THE BIRTH OF A
FILIPINO NATIONAL
CONSCIOUSNESS
CIRILO GAZZINGAN, III BSCE - II
SAINT PAUL UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES

2. NATIONALISM
WHAT IS NATIONALISM (NATIONAL
CONSCIOUSNESS)?

3. Nationalism (Merriam-Webster)
▷Loyalty and devotion to a nation
▷A sense of national consciousness
exalting one nation above all
others and placing primary
emphasis on promotion of its
culture and interests as opposed to
those of other nations or
supranational groups

4. Philippine Revolts
▷ these revolts failed because of
lack of communication and the
absence of national leadership

5. 1.
CAUSES OF NATIONAL
CONSCIOUSNESS
WHAT ARE THEY?

6. I. The Spanish
Revolution of 1868

7. I. The Spanish Revolution (1868)
▷ The triumph of liberalism in Spain
against the autocratic rule of
Isabela II (1833-1869) resounded
across the seas to the shores of her
overseas colonies.

8. I. The Spanish Revolution (1868)
▷ The people in the Philippines
came to enjoy for the first time the
sweet taste of a liberal regime

9. II. Opening of Suez
Canal

10. The Suez Canal
This canal is 103 miles long.

11. I. Opening of Suez Canal
▷ The opening of Suez Canal (1869)
gave more opportunities to the
illustrados and elites to travel and
gain education in different places in
Europe.

12. II. Opening of Suez Canal
▷ The opening of Suez Canal to
world shipping in 1869 stimulated
Philippine progress.

13. II. Opening of Suez Canal
▷ The transformation of the
Philippine economy into a raw
material market for Europe
unconsciously increased their
contact with the intellectual
tradition of the West

14. III. Spread of New
Ideas

15. III. Spread of New Ideas
▷ Philippines was opened by Spain
to World Trade
▷ Liberal ideas , contained books
and newspapers, were ideologies of
the American and French
Revolutions and the thoughts of
different philosophers such as:

16. III. Spread of New Ideas
▷ MONTESQUIEU
- separation of powers
▷VOLTAIRE
- freedom of religion
▷LOCKE
- liberalism
▷JEFFERSON
- anti-slavery

17. III. Spread of New Ideas
▷ Liberal ideas from Europe filtered
in when Spain gradually exposed
Phil. To international commerce.
▷ The sons and daughters of the
principalia were able to attain
education, thereupon giving then
exposure to libertarian ideas.
Principalia
The Principalía or noble class was the ruling and
usually educated upper class in the towns of
Spanish Philippines

18. III. Spread of New Ideas
▷ Liberal ideas from Europe filtered
in when Spain gradually exposed
Phil. To international commerce.
▷ The sons and daughters of the
principalia were able to attain
education, thereupon giving then
exposure to libertarian ideas.

19. III. Spread of New Ideas
▷ Illustrados like Rizal, Del Pilar and
Jaena who had their education in
Europe obtained liberal ideas on
these significant events in the
history of the world.
Ilustrados
The Ilustrados constituted the Filipino educated
class during the Spanish colonial period in the late
19th century.

20. III. Spread of New Ideas
▷ Ilustrados like Rizal, Del Pilar and
Jaena who had their education in
Europe obtained liberal ideas on
these significant events in the
history of the world.

21. III. Spread of New Ideas
▷ Sentiments against the
Principales - The masses had been
skeptical about local aristocracy
due to their proportion and
influence in the society

22. IV. Racial Prejudice
against the Filipino
People

23. IV. Race Prejudice against the
Filipino Priests
▷ Two kinds of priests served the
Catholic Church in the Philippines.
These were the regulars and the
seculars.

24. IV. Racial Prejudice against the
Filipino Priests
▷ Conflict began when the bishops
insisted on visiting the parishes
that were being run by regular
priests. The regular priests refused
these visits, saying that they were
not under the bishop’s jurisdiction.
They threatened to abandon their
parishes if the bishops persisted.

25. IV. Racial Prejudice against the
Filipino Priests
▷ The regulars resented the move
because they considered the
Filipinos unfit for the priesthood.
Among other reasons they cited
the Filipinos’ brown skin, lack of
education, and inadequate
experience.

26. IV. Racial Prejudice against the
Filipino Priests
▷ The controversy became more
intense when the Jesuits returned
to the Philippines. They had been
exiled from the country because of
certain policies of the order that
the Spanish authorities did not like.

27. IV. Racial Prejudice against the
Filipino Priests
▷ The issue soon took on a racial
slant. The Spaniards were clearly
favoring their own regular priest
over Filipino priests.

28. Racial Hirerarchy

29. Racial Hirerachy
Peninsulares Insulares
Spanish mestizos, Principalia
Chinese mestizos
Natives or Indios

30. Peninsulares
▷They are the
highest class in the
Philippines,
entrusted with the
offices of high rank.

31. Insulares
▷Insulares. They are
a rank below
the peninsulares.
The insulares are of
European descent
but born in the
colonies of Spain.

32. Insulares
▷insulares enjoy various
goverment and church
positions but as
economics and power
shifted, they changed to
capitalist driven
entrepreneurs owning
large parcels of lands.

33. Mestizo de Espanol
▷They are offsprings
of Spanish people
interbreeding with
Filipinos. Mestizo is
a term given to
individuals inheriting
foreign ancestry.

34. Mestizo de Espanol
▷They may have
better relations with
the local governors
or with the church as
they are favored
more compared to
the common man.

35. Mestizo de Sangley
▷A person of Filipino
or any racial descent
marrying a Chinese,
the result is children
that will be
called mestizo de
sangley.

36. Mestizo de Sangley
▷artisans and petty
traders
▷ allowed to lease
lands from friar
estates and earned
from it.

37. Natives or “Indios”
▷ pure-blooded
Filipino People
▷ lowest class in the
Philippine society
during Spanish rule

38. Natives or “Indios”
▷ considered as
“slaves”

39. IV. Racial Prejudice against the
Filipino People
▷ Filipinos are considered as an
inferior race with limited
intelligence

40. V. Martyrdom of
GomBurZa

41. GomBurZa
Gomburza or GOMBURZA
refers to three Filipino
Catholic priests (Mariano
Gómez, José Burgos, and
Jacinto Zamora), who were
executed on 17 February
1872 at Luneta in
Bagumbayan

42. On January 20, 1872, two hundred Filipinos employed at
the Cavite arsenal staged a revolt against the Spanish
government’s voiding of their exemption from the
payment of tributes. The Cavite Mutiny led to the
persecution of prominent Filipinos; secular priests
Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora—
who would then be collectively named GomBurZa—
were tagged as the masterminds of the uprising. The
priests were charged with treason and sedition by the
Spanish military tribunal—a ruling believed to be part of
a conspiracy to stifle the growing popularity of Filipino
secular priests and the threat they posed to the Spanish
clergy. The GomBurZa were publicly executed, by
garrote, on the early morning of February 17, 1872 at
Bagumbayan.

43. V. Martyrdom of GomBurZa
▷ The Filipino people deeply resented
the execution of Fathers Gomez,
Burgos and Zamora.
▷ They were acclaimed as the executed
priests as true martyrs of their
fatherland.

44. V. Martyrdom of GomBurZa
▷ The execution of GOMBURZA speed
up the growth of Philippine
Nationalism, which ultimately brought
about Spain’s downfall.

46. V. Martyrdom of GomBurZa
▷ The concept of nationhood coincided
with the development of the concept
of Filipinos.
▷ Before, Filipinos would only refer to
the españoles insulares. Later, it
included the mestizos de sangley and
the native elite who had Hispanized
themselves

47. V. Martyrdom of GomBurZa
▷ Also the invention of printing press
helped the propagandist express and
show their thoughts and ideas through
newspaper. Because of this, Filipino
masses became more aware on the
events happening around them.

48. V. Martyrdom of GomBurZa
▷ The propagandists tried to infuse
Filipino with national meaning, which
later included the entire people in the
archipelago
▷ Since then, Filipinos recognize the
importance of expressing their self,
their own nationality, and their
freedom.

49. Summary
Opening of Suez Canal
Stimulated the spread of
intellectual practices and
traditions from Europe
Spread of New Ideas
The concept of liberalism
engaged the Filipinos to fight
for their rights and freedom
The Spanish Revolution
of 1868
Start of a liberal regime
Race Prejudice against
the Filipino People
Filipinos are considered as an
inferior race with a limited
intellectual capabilities
Martyrdom of
GomBurZa
Started the uprising of
Filipino Nationalism

50. THE PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT

51. PROPAGANDA
What is PROPAGANDA?

52. Propaganda (Merriam-Webster)
▷ideas or statements that are often
false or exaggerated and that are
spread in order to help a cause, a
political leader, a government, etc.

53. Propaganda
Movement
The emergence of
more Filipino
ilustrados gave
birth to a unifies
nationalist
movement.

54. Propaganda
Movement
The campaign was
known in our
history as the
Propaganda
Movement

55. Propaganda
Movement
Rizal, del Pilar and
Lopez Jaena are
considered to be
the pillars of the
Propaganda
Movement

56. Aim of Propaganda Movement
▷ to have a peaceful assimilation,
referring to the transition of the
Philippines from being a colony to a
province of Spain.

57. Graciano
Lopez Jaena
▷ left the
Philippines for
Spain in 1880
after publishing a
satirical novel,
Fray Botod
(Father Fatso).

58. Graciano
Lopez Jaena
▷In 1889, he
started the
newspaper, La
Solidaridad

59. Marcelo H.
Del Pilar
▷ lawyer and
journalist from
the town of
Bulacan

60. Marcelo H.
Del Pilar
▷ became the
editor-in-chief
of the La
Solidaridad

61. Jose Rizal
▷His more
popular works
were his two
novels Noli Me
Tangere and El
Filibusterismo

62. ▷He annotated
the book,
Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinas
which showed
that Filipinos
had developed
culture even
before the
Spanish
occupation.

63. The Propaganda Movement
▷Many Filipino propagandists
turned into masons because they
needed the help of the masons in
Spain and in other countries in their
fight of reforms.
▷This organization is called
Freemasonry

64. La Liga Filipina

65. La Liga Filipina
▷Rizal wrote the constitution of La
Liga Filipina while living in Hong
Kong with the help of Jose Ma Basa

66. “
“Unus Instar Omnium”
- La Liga

67. The objectives of La Liga were:
▷ the unification of the whole
archipelago into one compact,
vigorous, and homogeneous body
▷ protection in cases of want and
necessity
▷ defense against violence and
injustice
▷ study and implementation of
reforms

68. La Liga Filipina
▷ On July 6, 1892, Rizal was
secretly arrested by order of
Governor Despujol and
subsequently imprisoned at Fort
Santiago.

69. La Liga Filipina
▷ The following day, the governor
general ordered the deportation of
Rizal to Dapitan, Zamboanga del
Norte as punishment of his
allegedly submersive materials

70. End of the
Propaganda
Movement

71. The End of the Propaganda
Movement
▷ Rizal’s arrest marked the crucial
period of the propagandists
▷ La Liga Filipina collapsed
▷M.H. Del Pilar and Lopez Jaena
died in Barcelona (1896)

72. The Revolution Begins
The end of the propaganda
movement marked the beginning of
a revolution. The writings by the
Propaganda Movement inspired
Andres Bonifacio to establish the
“Katipunan” and set the Philippines'
revolution in place.

73. ““He who does not know how to look
back at what he came from will
never get to his destination.”
- Jose Rizal

74. Good Afternoon!
Thank you for
listening