A brief introduction of macrophage phenotype including research timelines, the pathways and functional of M1 and M2 phenotype.

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CD Creative Diagnostics
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Macrophage
Phenotype

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Phagocytosis of Macrophage
• Eliminate pathogens
• Remove cellular debris
• Clear apoptotic cells
 This clearance process occurs independently of immune-cell signaling
 The removal of apoptotic cells results in little or no production of immune mediators

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Phagocytosis of Macrophage
• Clearance of cellular debris result from necrosis
that caused by trauma or stress
• Markedly dramatic changes in physiology,
including alterations in the expression of surface
proteins and the production of cytokines and
inflammatory mediators

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Concept of Macrophage Activation
1960s Introduce of classic activation: discovery of phagocytic
mononuclear cells that adept at bacteria infections
1970s Mechanism and role of lymphocytes were revealed in
macrophage microbicidal activation
1980s Discovery of Th1 and Th2 subtypes
2008 Propose of macrophage activation spectrum
2010 Concept of M1 and M2

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M1 (Classic) Polarization of Macrophage
IFNγR
GM-CSF receptor
TLR4
IFNγ
GM-CSF
LPS
STAT1
IRF5
NF-κB
AP1
STAT5
ERK
AKT

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M2 (Alternative) Polarization of Macrophage
IL-4R
IL-10R
IL-4
IL-10
STAT6
Nuclear
translocation
STAT3
Glucocorticoids
Indirect interaction with
transcription factors

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Function of M1 and M2
M1
• TNF, IL-1, IL-6, iNOS
• Th1 responses, Type I
inflammation, killing of
intercellular pathogens and
tumor resistance
M2
• Fizz1, Arginase 1, Ym1, IL-4,
IL-10 and CD206.
• Th2 responses, Type II
inflammation, allergy, parasite
infestation, tissue remodeling
and tumor progression

8. CD Creative Diagnostics
®
CD Creative Diagnostics
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Macrophage polarization│
www.creative-diagnostics.com
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