15. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
BUS A CONFRONTO
Standard Typical uses Burst DTR Outlook
ISA Sound cards,
modems
2 MBps to 8.33
MBps
Expected to be phased
out by late 1999
EISA Network, SCSI
adapters
33 MBps Almost entirely phased
out; superseded by PCI
PCI Graphics cards, SCSI
adapters, new
generation sound
cards
266 MBps Standard add-in
peripheral bus for the
foreseeable future
AGP Graphics cards 528 MBps Standard in all Intel-
based PCs from the
Pentium II; co-exists with
PCI
16. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
Diagramma di un processore reale di ultima generazione
24. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
TECNOLOGIA ATA/ATAPI
Specification ATA ATA-2 ATA-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 ATA/ATAPI-5
Max Transfer
Modes
PIO 1 PIO 4
DMA 2
PIO 4
DMA 2
PIO 4
DMA 2
UDMA 2
PIO 4
DMA 2
UDMA 4
Max Transfer
Rate
4 MBps 16 MBps 16 MBps 33 MBps 66 MBps
Max
Connections
2 2 2 2 per cable 2 per cable
Cable Required 40-pin 40-pin 40-pin 40-pin 40-pin, 80-
conductor
CRC No No No Yes Yes
Introduced 1981 1994 1996 1997 1999
26. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
TECNOLOGIA SCSI
SCSI version Signalling
rate (MHz)
Bus width
(bits)
Max. DTR
(MBps)
Max.
devices
Max.
cable
length
SCSI-1 5 8 5 7 6m
SCSI-2 5 8 5 7 6m
Wide SCSI 5 16 10 15 6m
Fast SCSI 10 8 10 7 6m
Fast Wide SCSI 10 16 20 15 6m
Ultra SCSI 20 8 20 7 1.5m
Ultra SCSI-2 20 16 40 7 12m
Ultra2 SCSI 40 16 80 15 12m
Ultra160 SCSI 80 16 160 15 12m
27. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
INTERFACCE HD A CONFRONTO
Max. DTR Max. Distance Max.
Device
s
RAID support
IDE 66.6 MBps 1m 4 per
controll
er
Possible but rare
Ultra
Wide
SCSI
40 MBps 1.5m (25m using more
expensive high-voltage
differential termination)
15 per
controll
er
Yes
Ultra
2
LVD
SCSI
80 MBps 12m 15 per
controll
er
Yes
Fibre
Chan
nel
100 MBps
(200 MBps
with full-
duplex)
30m over copper, 500m
over multinode fibre, 10km
over single-mode fibre)
127 per
arbitrat
ed loop
Yes, with
independent
attachment to
multiple servers
42. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
TESTINA DI MAGNETICA
UNITA’ NASTRO
43. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
STANDARD DAT
Standard Capacity Max. DTR
DDS 2GB 55 KBps
DDS-1 2/4GB 0.55/1.1 MBps
DDS-2 4/8GB 0.55/1.1 MBps
DDS-3 12/24GB 1.1/2.2 MBps
DDS-4 20/40GB 2.4/4.8 MBps
44. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
STANDARD DLT
Standar
d
Capacity
(n/c)
Interfac
e
Maximum
DTR
DLT2000 15/30GB SCSI 2.5 MBps
DLT4000 20/40GB SCSI 3 MBps
DLT7000 35/70GB SCSI 20 MBps
45. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
INTERFACCE STANDARD A
CONFRONTO
Standard Typical uses Burst DTR Outlook
ATA/IDE Hard disks, CD-
ROM and DVD-
ROM drives
3.3 MBps to 66.6
MBps
Standard hard disk bus
for the foreseeable
future
SCSI Hard disks,
removable drives,
scanners
5 MBps to 80
MBps
Standard high-end
hard disk bus for the
foreseeable future
USB Pointing devices,
scanners, digital
cameras
12 Mbit/s Could eventually
replace serial and
parallel ports
IEEE 1394 Digital video
cameras, high-
speed storage
drives
400 Mbit/s Expected to emerge in
2000
46. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
TECNOLOGIE A NASTRO A
CONFRONTO
DLT
7000
Exabyte
Mammoth
Sony
AIT
DDS-3 Travan
8GB/TR-4
Native
Capacity
35GB 20GB 25GB 12GB 4GB
Compressed
Capacity
70GB 40GB 50GB 24GB 8GB
Native
DTR
5 MBps 3 MBps 3 MBps 1.2 MBps 1.0 MBps
Tape Life
(years)
30 30 30 n/a n/a
Media
Passes
1 million 20,000 20,000 1,500 10,000
48. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
Risoluzioni tipiche di un monitor
49. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
RISOLUZIONI SUPPORTATE
800x600 1024x768 1152x882 1280x102
4
1600x1200 1800x1440
15in YES YES
17in YES YES YES YES
19in YES YES YES
21in YES YES
50. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
PROFONDITA’ DEL COLORE
Colour
depth
Description No. of
colours
Bytes per
pixel
4-bit Standard VGA 16 0.5
8-bit 256-colour mode 256 1.0
16-bit High colour 65,536 2.0
24-bit True colour 16,777,216 3.0
51. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
SCHEDE VIDEO E MEMORIA
Video memory Resolution Colour depth No. colours
1Mb 1024 x 768
800 x 600
8-bit
16-bit
256
65,536
2Mb 1024 x 768
1280 x 1024
800 x 600
8-bit
16-bit
24-bit
256
65,536
16.7 million
4Mb 1024 x 768 24-bit 16.7 million
6Mb 1280 x 1024 24-bit 16.7 million
8Mb 1600 x 1200 32-bit 16.7 million
52. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
MEMORIE DELLE SCHEDE
VIDEO
EDO VRAM WRAM SDRAM SGRAM RDRAM
Max.
throughput
(MBps)
400 400 960 800 800 600
Dual- or
single-
ported
single dual dual single single single
Typical
Data Width
64 64 64 64 64 8
Speed
(typical)
50-60ns 50-60ns 50-60ns 10-15ns 8-10ns 330MHz
clock
speed
53. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
STANDARD VIDEO A
CONFRONTO
Date Standard Description Resolution No. colours
1981 CGA Colour Graphics
Adapter
640 x 200
160 x 200
None
16
1984 EGA Enhanced Graphics
Adapter
640 x 350 16 from 64
1987 VGA Video Graphics
Array
640 x 480
320 x 200
16 from 262,144
256
1990 XGA Extended Graphics Array 800 x 600
1024 x 768
16.7 million
65,536
SXGA Super Extended Graphics
Array
1280 x 1024 65,536
UXGA Ultra XGA 1600 x 1200 65,536
54. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
STANDARD CODIFICA
VIDEO
MPEG-2 MPEG-1
PAL/SECAM resolutions 720 x 576
704 x 576
352 x 576
352 x 288
352 x 576
352 x 288
NTSC resolutions 720 x 480
704 x 480
352 x 480
352 x 240
352 x 480
351 x 240
Variable Bit Rate (VBR), Constant Bit Rate (CBR) VBR or CBR CBR
PAL/SECAM frame rate 25fps
NTSC frame rate 24 or 30fps
57. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
MONITOR CON
TECNOLOGIA DIGITALE
58. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
NORME SULL’EMISSIONE
TCO95 TCO99
Luminance uniformity >1.7:1 >1.5:1
Luminance contrast Measured at 10% of the
diagonal to the edge
Measured at 5% of the
diagonal to the edge
Magnetic field requirements
Front frame reflectance No standard At least 20%
Measured 30cm in front of
and 50cm around the screen
5Hz to 2kHz at <200nT Same standard measured at
maximum brightness/contrast
Measured 50cm around the
screen
2kHz to 400kHz at <25nT Same standard measured at
maximum brightness/contrast
Alternating electric field requirements
Measured 30cm and 50cm
in front of screen
5Hz to 2kHz at <10V/m
(Volts per metre)
Same standard measured at
maximum brightness/contrast
Measured 30cm in front of
and 50cm around the screen
2kHZ to 400kHz at <1.0V/m Same standard measured at
maximum brightness/contrast
Power saving Suspend mode at < or =
30W
Suspend at < or = 15W (for
USB hub monitors), < or =
5W (for non-USB monitors)
Environmental controls No standard No chlorinated solvents;
compulsory list of potentially
hazardous plastics used
61. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
TOUCH SCREEN A
CONFRONTO
Resistive Infrared Surface
Acoustic
Wave
Capacitive
Touch
resolution
High High Average High
Clarity Average Good Good Good
Operation Finger or
stylus
Finger or
stylus
Finger or
soft-tipped
stylus
Finger only
Durability Can be
damaged by
sharp objects
Highly
durable
Susceptible
to dirt and
moisture
Highly
durable
79. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
Sistema di acquisizione dati
video
80. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
FORMATI DELLE IMMAGINI
File format Image size No. of colours
BMP - RGB 1MB 16.7 million
BMP -RLE 83KB 256
GIF 31KB 256
JPEG - min. compression 185KB 16.7 million
JPEG - min. progressive compression 150KB 16.7 million
JPEG - max. compression 20KB 16.7 million
JPEG - max. progressive compression 16KB 16.7 million
PCX 189KB 16.7 million
TIFF 1MB 16.7 million
TIFF - LZW compression 83KB 16.7 million
81. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
Tipica scheda per l’acquisizione di video
99. Ing. Cristian Randieri Università Degli Studi di Catania
TECNOLOGIE DI NETWORKING A CONFRONTO
Phoneline Powerline Ethernet Wireless
Speed 100 Kbit/s - 10 Mbit/s 50 Kbit/s - 350 Kbit/s 10 Mbit/s - 100 Mbit/s 700 Kbit/s - 11 Mbit/s
Advantages Convenient, simple
(no new wires),
secure
Convenient, simple
(no new wires)
Fastest, most secure
and reliable
Convenient, mobile,
simple (no wires),
secure
Requirements Need computers and
peripherals near
phone jacks on the
same phoneline
Need computers and
peripherals near
power outlets on the
same power circuit
Requires Ethernet
(Category 3 or 5)
cabling; best in new
home installations or
remodels
Network components
must be within a 250-
foot range
Best use Ideal for shared
Internet access, file
sharing and
peripheral sharing;
good for home
gaming
Good for low-
bandwidth
applications such as
home security and
control
Ideal for home
gaming, home offices
and shared Internet
access
Ideal for laptops, desktops
and handheld connected
organisers inside and outside
home or small office where
mobility is required; great for
shared Internet access; good
for home gaming