SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  52
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Dissection & Instruments

By Dr.T.C.Singel (prof. & HOD)
M.P.Shah (Govt.) Medical College,
Jamnagar (Gujarat)
Mob: +91 9426988704
E-Mail:- drtcsingel@gmail.com
• I express my gratitude to my respected teachers.
–
–
–
–
–
–

Dr. D. N. Chhatrapati sir
Dr. B. R. Kulkarni sir
Dr. Dangarwala madam
Dr. G. N. Mankad sir
Dr. Buch sir
Dr. P. M. Raval sir
it is their guidance that made me what I am today.
Dissection
• Definition –
– The term “dissection” is a Latin equivalent of the Greek
term anatome, meaning to cut up.
– Dissection means to cut a part and see.
– Dissection means to separate and clean the structures
• Cadaver care and safety measures in dissection
lab.
– One must give respect to cadaver/dead body.

Cadaver - means preserved dead body.
– Maintain the dignity of cadaver and dead body.
– Cover the cadaver to prevent drying effect because once
the part is dried it can’t be restored.
SAFTY MEASURES
• Apron• To protect the clothing.

• Shoes/boot –
• Use shoes/boot because it gives safety to foot from dropped
scalpels or sharp instruments.

• Gloves –
• Use gloves to avoid the contact from preservatives and other
chemicals but the naked hand is best for palpation and feeling
the structures.
• So, one should avoid gloves as far as possible.

• Specs or goggles • While cutting bones use specs or goggles to protect the eyes
against any foreign body during cutting.
Seating arrangement– The seating arrangements has to be such that, everyone
can participate safely and can observe what is happening
on the dissection table, comfortably and safely.
• The dissection
lab must be
well
ventilated, to
prevent
suffocation
due to
formalin.
TYPES OF DISSECTION
and instruments used
• For different purposes various dissections are
carried out and for the various dissections, set of
instruments used differ.
• Here I have narrated the instruments according to
various types of dissection.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Comprehensive study dissection
Composite study dissection
Composite window corridor dissection
Unistructural dissection
Comprehensive window dissection
Dissection for embalming
1. Comprehensive study dissection
This is carried out for the routine dissection of
part of body or limb. In this study dissection is
carried out on a region as a whole. Students’
dissection instruments box is used.
• Dissection instruments box contains:
1) plain forceps 2) toothed forceps 3) pointed
forceps 4) scissorssmall, big, straight, curved, angular 5) knife handle
with blade 6) one piece scalpel 7) painting brush
2. Composite study dissection
It is carried out for demonstration and display
purpose. In this study dissection is carried out in a
particular region or a part of body where some
parts may be removed totally or partly.
• The instruments used are: dissection instruments
box + chisel, hammer, bone cutter, bone cutting
saw, retractors
3. Composite window corridor dissection
It is carried out for making museum specimens.
It appreciates the depth and relations of the deeper
structures.
• The instruments used are: dissection instruments
box + chisel, hammer, bone cutter, bone cutting
saw, retractors, and very long needles
4. Uni-structural dissection
It is carried out for making museum specimens and
for study and demonstration of normal variations and
abnormalities in a given structure. Retaining some
important relations of a given structure all other
structures are removed.

The instruments
used are: dissection
instruments box +
chisel, hammer, bone
cutter, bone cutting
saw, retractors, and
bone nibbler
5. Comprehensive window dissection
Commonly called as window dissection.
• It is carried out for post graduate dissections.
Window dissection is carried out to demonstrate a
given structure in a given region with its relations.
In this dissection all the structures including skin are
preserved and as and when necessary they are
incised and regulated like a window in such a way
that all structures can be preserved back in-situ.
• The instruments used are: dissection instruments
box + chisel, hammer, bone cutter, bone cutting
saw, retractors, pins (to fix up the skin flaps and maintain the relations
of the structures in situ)
6. Dissection for embalming
It is carried out for to embalm the dead body.
The common site of dissection for embalming
purpose is cervical region and/or femoral region.
The instruments used are:
• Along with dissection instruments box we need
Gloves, Cap Mask, goggles & guan, Saving kit,
Embalming apparatus with Murphy’s chamber &
controlling device and vessels cannula / vessels
catheter, Knife handle with blade , Artery forcepsSmall, Big, Mosquito, Forceps- Plain, Toothed, Hook
retractor with eye, Retractors, Thread, Needle
holder, Needle- Straight – cutting, Curved – cutting,
Dissection techniques
and instruments used
The dissection can be carried out as follow:
1. Blunt dissection
2. Sharp dissection
3. Dissection for cleaning structures
I. To clean muscles
II. To clean nerves
III. To clean vessels

4. Underwater dissection technique
1. Blunt dissection•
•
•
•

Blunt dissection means pulling/tearing instead of cutting.
This can be done by fingers, probe and scissors.
Fingers are the first and best dissecting instruments.
The next instrument is probe and next scissors with its back
edge.
• Vessels and nerves can be separated by scissors.
Scissors techniques –
• A closed pair of scissor is inserted into connective tissue or in
between two structures and then it is opened.
• During this process it tears the connective tissues in between
two structures and it cleans the two structures.
2. Sharp dissection
• It is done by scalpel and scissors.
• To cut the skin and reflect the flap, the scalpel is used.
• Otherwise, scalpels are not used because it may cut the
wanted and important structures.
3. Dissection for cleaning the structures
• To clean the muscles
– The surface of muscle is covered by fat and connective tissues.
– It can be cleaned with scissors. Scalpel can be used carefully.
– The border of the muscles is cleaned by fingers or prob.

• To clean the nerves
– The nerves are cleared by removing connective tissue around the
nerves with the help of probe and/or scissors.
– Don't use scalpel to clean the nerve because it may cut the branches of nerves.

• To clean the vessels
– Vessels are covered by fat and connective tissues.
– The connective tissue is tear or stripped or removed with
probe, scissor and forceps.
– Don't use scalpel to clean the vessels because it may cut the branches of
vessels.
4. Underwater dissection techniques
• Maze of fat and connective tissues can be dissected out and
removed by underwater dissection techniques.
• In this method, the dissection part/specimen is submerged in
water and it is trimmed out in the same condition. (That is in
the water.)
• This technique is used to prepare the museum’s specimens
and to prepare specimen for plastination.
Instruments required for Dissection
1. Skin marking pencils –
– Uses• It is used for surface marking of structures and to mark the
bony and other landmarks on cadavers.
• It is also used for marking skin incisions.
Instruments required for Dissection
2. Fingers –
– First dissecting tool is and must be finger.
– Always dissect first with finger then probe and then
scissors for blunt dissection.
• All metal instruments must be of stainless
steel metals.
3. Dissecting probe
• It is primary dissecting instrument.

– Uses –
• It is used for tearing connective tissues.
• It can also be used for feeling the structures like
vessels and nerves.

– Description –
• It has handle and other end is angular with a
rounded end (tip).
Scalpel
• Use –





It is use to cut and reflect the skin .
It is used to cut the tissue and dissection of tough connective tissue.
It is used to divide the vessels, pedicels and other structures.
It is used for the sharp dissection.

• Disadvantages –
 It may cut or injure the important structure during dissection.
• Scalpel
Descriptions
• Two parts –
»Handle
»Blade

• Types –
»Scalpel with fixed
handle and blade.
»Handle and blade are
separated. (Normally
separated handle and
blade are used.)
• Advantage of scalpel with fixed handle and bladeIt is handled in one piece and it is strong.
It is reusable.

• Disadvantage of scalpel with fixed handle and bladeSharpness of blade required frequent sharpening.

• Advantage of scalpel with disposable bladeVarious size, shape and curvatures of blade are available and used according
to the need.

• Disadvantage of scalpel with disposable bladeThe blades are use and throw.
Once sharpness is gone we have to use a new blade.
Handle has a slot for the fixing of the blade.
So, slot of the handle and surgical blade must be matching one otherwise it is
not used.
DISSECTING FORCEPS / THUMB FORCEPS:
• The shaft of dissecting forceps is closed by
thumb and fingers so it is known as thumb
forceps.
• Uses
• It is used for blunt dissection (i.e. for pulling or
tearing instead of cutting).
• It is used to grasp, lift and hold the tissues.
• Plain forceps is used to hold the delicate
structures like peritoneum, vessels, nerves and
muscles.
• Tooth forceps is used for better grip.
• Tooth forceps is used to insert the blade over
handle and to remove blade from handle.
DISSECTING FORCEPS / THUMB FORCEPS:
Descriptions –

• It has two shafts and no joints.
• So, two shafts (blade) are joined at the top end and they have a spring
action.
• Objects are hold by tip when the shafts (blade) are pressed by thumb
and fingers.
• It provide firm grip on tissue and the firmness depends upon the
pressure on the shaft.
• The two consecutive movements can be done faster by the dissecting
forceps. (artery forceps also give firm grip but the two consecutive
movements are slow)
DISSECTING FORCEPS / THUMB FORCEPS:
– Types
• Plain forceps.
• Tooth forceps / tissue forceps. (Tooth
forceps is used for gripping the tissue is
also known as tissue forceps.)

– Descriptions
• It has two parts one blade and other tip.
• Blade is long.
• On outer surface, there are serration for
better grip for handling.
• Plain forceps is having ridges and grooves
and tooth forceps is having tooth and
socket which prevent the slippage of the
tissue.
SCISSORS
Use
• It is used in cutting and
sectioning of tissue.
• It is used to cut tough
structures like
tendons, ligaments etc.
• For blunt dissection, straight
scissors is used.
• For delicate work, curved
scissors is used.
SCISSORS
– Description –
• It is having blade and body (handle) joined by pivot joint. (Axis
is formed by the screw).
• Blade
– It has two edges –
» Cutting edge
» Non cutting edge
SCISSORS
• Blade may be plain, curved or
having angle between shaft
and blade.
• According to that scissors are
known as
– Plain scissors
– Curved scissors
– Angular scissors
• The Curved scissor used for
the trimming purpose.
• The angular scissor is used
for the deeper structures.

• The tip of the blade may be
pointed or blunt.
• Pointed scissors may be
used for the blunt
dissection.
HAEMOSTATIC FORCEPS (ARTERY FORCEPS)
• Normally it is also known as artery forceps.
• Haemostatic forceps are used on
artery, veins and capillaries.

• Use :- It is used for strong grasping
and holding and catching.

• Disadvantage
• It crushes the delicate structures.
• When it is used as a holding
forceps, two consecutive holding of
structure is slow. (But in dissecting
forceps two consecutive movements
are fast.)
HAEMOSTATIC FORCEPS (ARTERY FORCEPS)
Descriptions
–Haemostatic forceps is
designed specifically to
catch/clamp and to crush the
tissue.

Parts
• Shaft of body (shank) :– It lies between joint and finger bows.

• Finger bow (ring):– It is used for holding the instruments.
HAEMOSTATIC FORCEPS (ARTERY FORCEPS)

• Catch / ratchet :– It lies between shaft and finger bow.
– When the catch / ratchet are pressed;
the blades are kept in closed position.
– 3 catches are for,
1. First catch for catching the tissue.
2. Second catch for clamping the tissue.
3. Third catch for crushing the tissue.
HAEMOSTATIC FORCEPS (ARTERY FORCEPS)
• Joints :– Joint is between the body and the blade.
– Joint may be pivot joint. (Screw form the axis).
– It may be the box joint. (Shaft passes in the slot of other shaft).

• Blades (jaw)
– The blade/jaw is having transverse serration on inner aspect.
– The blade may be straight or curved.
NEEDLE HOLDER:

Use
• It is used to hold the needle.

Parts
• Shaft of body (shank):– It lies between joint and finger bows.

• Finger bow :– It is used for holding the instruments.
NEEDLE HOLDER:
• Catch / ratchet :– It lies between shaft and finger bow.
– When the catch / ratchet are pressed;
the blades are kept in closed position.
NEEDLE HOLDER:
• Joint :– It is present between body and shaft.
– It is having modified box joint.
– Shaft passes in the slot of other shaft.

• Blades :– Blades are having cris-cross or
transverse serrations and in the
centre of the blade there is groove.
NEEDLE HOLDER:
• How to hold the needle holder
– Curved needle is hold by needle
holder, at the junction between
anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the
needle.
– This gives maximum mechanical
advantage of curved needle.
– If needle is hold nearer to the tip, the
mechanical advantage is less but the
penetrating power is more.
– If we hold needle nearer to
eye, chances of breakage of needle
nearer to eye is more.
NEEDLE HOLDER:
• Difference between haemostatic forceps and needle
holder:
Haemostatic forceps

Needle holder

1

Lighter instrument

Heavier instrument

2

Blades length 1/3 and
shaft length 2/3

Blades smaller

3

Transverse serration
on the inner side of
blades

Serrations –criss- cross or
transverse and groove in
blade

4

Joint screw type or
may be box type

Joint is box type only
NEEDLE
Use
• It is used to suture the skin, subcutaneous
tissues, connective tissues and other structures.
• It is also used to fix the structures together.
• It is also used to ligate around the tubular structure.
NEEDLE
• Description:
the needle may be curved or straight. It may be cutting or non
cutting.
– Eye
– Tip
– Body

• Eye:
– Eye allows the suturing thread to pass.
– It is the weakest part of the needle

• Tip:
– It is the pointed end of the body of the needle

• Body:
– It is tapering towards the tip.
– It may be triangular on cross section with a cutting edge.
SAW:

• Use
– It is use for cutting of bones.
– Now electrical saws are also available.

Description
– Handle- Pistol grip handle, which is design to
grip.
– Blade or edge-Edges is having two borders
cutting and non-cutting
BONE CUTTING & BONE NIBBLER FORCEPS :

Use – It is used to cut the small
and large pieces of
bones, edges of the
bones, spicules, spines
and processes of bones.
– It is used for tearing
away the remainings of
muscles, ligaments and
pieces of periosteum of
bone as it gives firm grip
on the tissue without
cutting them.
BONE CUTTING & BONE NIBBLER FORCEPS :

Description
– It has body or shaft, blades
and joints.

• body or shaft:– It is strong and convex on
outer side.
– The convex outer surface is
ridged for firm grip.
– The concave inner surface
of shaft is having
resistance which allows
sudden acute cutting force
for cutting the bones. (If
the gradual pressure is
allowed then first crush
and then may cut the
bones.)
BONE CUTTING & BONE NIBBLER FORCEPS :

• Joint

– It is having pivot or
modified box joint.
– Joints may be one or two
joints.

Advantage of two joint
– The cutting power is
increase with less effort by
these multiple lever
system.

• blades
– It is having two straight
and strong blades.
CHIESEL
:
Use
• It is used to cut the strong bones

Description
– It is having handle and shaft
– Handle
• On one end of handle, there is head, where the
hammer can be hit or stroked.
• On other end of handle, there is shaft.

– Shaft:
• The shaft is flat
• On one end, shaft is continues with the handle.
• On other end, shaft has cutting edge, cutting
edge is bevelled on one side.
HAMMER / MALLET

Use:
– It is used to hit or stroke.
– It is used along with chisel to
cut the bones.

Description:
– Handle
– Striking end

• Striking end is
heavier, which increase the
strength of the stroke
• Brain knife:

• Retractor:
comprehensive study(routine)
dissection and window dissection
comprehensive study(routine) dissection:
• comprehensive study(routine) dissection gives
better exposure of the structure in whole region.
• comprehensive study(routine) dissection is useful
for understanding & identification of structure and
relation in general.
• comprehensive study(routine) dissection is useful
for the gross anatomy study purpose but it may
increase the cadaveric wastage.
Routine and window dissection
WINDOW DISSECTION
- When a particular specific structure are required to
be demonstrated, window dissection is preferred
- It is done in given region
- It demonstrate the layer by layer relations of deeper
structure
- It prevent dryness of deeper structures
- It minimizes the wastage of body parts
- It is useful for the museum part preparation also
- It give better view of the relations among
skin, superficial fascia and deep fascia and other
structures
• I am thankful to Dr. Amit Singel, Dr. Dhaval
Talsaniya, Dr. K. P. Patravala (Ex. Prof & HOD) and Dr. Mohit
Changani for helping at each & every stages of this
presentation.
I would like to congratulate Anatomy Department
and
KLE
university’s,
J.
N.
Medical
College, Belgaum, for organizing CME on “postgraduate
intensive training program”. I feel proud to be a part of
this program which’ll help PG students of anatomy.

Contenu connexe

Tendances (20)

Kidney histology
Kidney histologyKidney histology
Kidney histology
 
Blood Composiotion Blood Physiology
Blood Composiotion Blood PhysiologyBlood Composiotion Blood Physiology
Blood Composiotion Blood Physiology
 
General anatomy of urinary system ppt
General anatomy of urinary system pptGeneral anatomy of urinary system ppt
General anatomy of urinary system ppt
 
Epithelium
EpitheliumEpithelium
Epithelium
 
PPT on Lymphatic system
PPT on Lymphatic systemPPT on Lymphatic system
PPT on Lymphatic system
 
Connective tissue
Connective tissueConnective tissue
Connective tissue
 
Integumentary system
Integumentary systemIntegumentary system
Integumentary system
 
Anatomical planes & cavities
Anatomical planes & cavitiesAnatomical planes & cavities
Anatomical planes & cavities
 
tissue and it's types
tissue and it's typestissue and it's types
tissue and it's types
 
Blood
BloodBlood
Blood
 
Branches of anatomy
Branches of anatomyBranches of anatomy
Branches of anatomy
 
Axial skeleton
Axial skeletonAxial skeleton
Axial skeleton
 
Anatomy of Nephron
Anatomy of NephronAnatomy of Nephron
Anatomy of Nephron
 
Lymphatic system.pptx
Lymphatic system.pptxLymphatic system.pptx
Lymphatic system.pptx
 
Excretory system
Excretory system Excretory system
Excretory system
 
Introduction to Histology
Introduction to HistologyIntroduction to Histology
Introduction to Histology
 
Connective tissue ppt
Connective tissue pptConnective tissue ppt
Connective tissue ppt
 
Microscopic structure of kidney
Microscopic structure of kidneyMicroscopic structure of kidney
Microscopic structure of kidney
 
Respiratory System - Anatomy
Respiratory System - AnatomyRespiratory System - Anatomy
Respiratory System - Anatomy
 
Integumentary system
Integumentary systemIntegumentary system
Integumentary system
 

En vedette

Surgical instruments
Surgical instrumentsSurgical instruments
Surgical instrumentsMohammad Amir
 
General surgery instruments
General surgery    instrumentsGeneral surgery    instruments
General surgery instrumentsMichael Nashaat
 
Instruments ppt
Instruments pptInstruments ppt
Instruments pptJuveriaali
 
Instruments SURGERY updated PPT
Instruments SURGERY updated PPT Instruments SURGERY updated PPT
Instruments SURGERY updated PPT TONY SCARIA
 
Surgical Instruments and Procedures
Surgical Instruments and ProceduresSurgical Instruments and Procedures
Surgical Instruments and ProceduresRozbudd
 
Suture materials & suturing techniques dr.ayesha
Suture materials & suturing techniques dr.ayeshaSuture materials & suturing techniques dr.ayesha
Suture materials & suturing techniques dr.ayeshaNuzhat Noor Ayesha
 
instruments ostetrics and gynaecology ppt
instruments ostetrics and gynaecology pptinstruments ostetrics and gynaecology ppt
instruments ostetrics and gynaecology pptTONY SCARIA
 
Surgical single use instruments
Surgical single use instrumentsSurgical single use instruments
Surgical single use instrumentsmedimade
 
Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Rat dissection
Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Rat dissectionAnatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Rat dissection
Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Rat dissectionAmmedicine Medicine
 
Dr. kapil seminar on hypothalamus
Dr. kapil seminar on hypothalamusDr. kapil seminar on hypothalamus
Dr. kapil seminar on hypothalamusDrKapilAmgain
 
Instruments in oral surgery i
Instruments in oral surgery iInstruments in oral surgery i
Instruments in oral surgery iRobin Luna
 
SURGICAL INSTRUMENT DEMONSTRATION FOR MEDICAL STUDENT
SURGICAL INSTRUMENT DEMONSTRATION FOR MEDICAL STUDENTSURGICAL INSTRUMENT DEMONSTRATION FOR MEDICAL STUDENT
SURGICAL INSTRUMENT DEMONSTRATION FOR MEDICAL STUDENTBashir BnYunus
 
What are Sutures and Types of Sutures
What are Sutures and Types of SuturesWhat are Sutures and Types of Sutures
What are Sutures and Types of SuturesHicare Sutures
 
Surgical Sutures and Suturing Techniques
Surgical Sutures and Suturing TechniquesSurgical Sutures and Suturing Techniques
Surgical Sutures and Suturing TechniquesDene W. Daugherty
 
sutures and suturing techniques
sutures and suturing techniquessutures and suturing techniques
sutures and suturing techniquesvesta enid lydia
 

En vedette (20)

Know The Instruments
Know The InstrumentsKnow The Instruments
Know The Instruments
 
Medical Instruments
Medical InstrumentsMedical Instruments
Medical Instruments
 
Surgical instruments
Surgical instrumentsSurgical instruments
Surgical instruments
 
General surgery instruments
General surgery    instrumentsGeneral surgery    instruments
General surgery instruments
 
Instruments ppt
Instruments pptInstruments ppt
Instruments ppt
 
Operating instruments
Operating instrumentsOperating instruments
Operating instruments
 
Surgical instruments
Surgical instrumentsSurgical instruments
Surgical instruments
 
Instruments SURGERY updated PPT
Instruments SURGERY updated PPT Instruments SURGERY updated PPT
Instruments SURGERY updated PPT
 
Surgical Instruments and Procedures
Surgical Instruments and ProceduresSurgical Instruments and Procedures
Surgical Instruments and Procedures
 
Armamentarium for basic oral surgery
Armamentarium for basic oral surgeryArmamentarium for basic oral surgery
Armamentarium for basic oral surgery
 
Suture materials & suturing techniques dr.ayesha
Suture materials & suturing techniques dr.ayeshaSuture materials & suturing techniques dr.ayesha
Suture materials & suturing techniques dr.ayesha
 
instruments ostetrics and gynaecology ppt
instruments ostetrics and gynaecology pptinstruments ostetrics and gynaecology ppt
instruments ostetrics and gynaecology ppt
 
Surgical single use instruments
Surgical single use instrumentsSurgical single use instruments
Surgical single use instruments
 
Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Rat dissection
Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Rat dissectionAnatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Rat dissection
Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Rat dissection
 
Dr. kapil seminar on hypothalamus
Dr. kapil seminar on hypothalamusDr. kapil seminar on hypothalamus
Dr. kapil seminar on hypothalamus
 
Instruments in oral surgery i
Instruments in oral surgery iInstruments in oral surgery i
Instruments in oral surgery i
 
SURGICAL INSTRUMENT DEMONSTRATION FOR MEDICAL STUDENT
SURGICAL INSTRUMENT DEMONSTRATION FOR MEDICAL STUDENTSURGICAL INSTRUMENT DEMONSTRATION FOR MEDICAL STUDENT
SURGICAL INSTRUMENT DEMONSTRATION FOR MEDICAL STUDENT
 
What are Sutures and Types of Sutures
What are Sutures and Types of SuturesWhat are Sutures and Types of Sutures
What are Sutures and Types of Sutures
 
Surgical Sutures and Suturing Techniques
Surgical Sutures and Suturing TechniquesSurgical Sutures and Suturing Techniques
Surgical Sutures and Suturing Techniques
 
sutures and suturing techniques
sutures and suturing techniquessutures and suturing techniques
sutures and suturing techniques
 

Similaire à Dissection and instruments

Handling of surgical instruments
Handling of surgical instrumentsHandling of surgical instruments
Handling of surgical instrumentsAhmad Sulong
 
Classification of surgical instruments.pptx
Classification of surgical instruments.pptxClassification of surgical instruments.pptx
Classification of surgical instruments.pptxahsanashfaq19
 
Instruments in major oral and maxillofacial surgery
Instruments in major oral and maxillofacial surgeryInstruments in major oral and maxillofacial surgery
Instruments in major oral and maxillofacial surgeryDrKamini Dadsena
 
Basic armamentarium for minor oral surgery
Basic armamentarium for minor oral surgeryBasic armamentarium for minor oral surgery
Basic armamentarium for minor oral surgeryIyad Abou Rabii
 
Basic surgical instruments
Basic surgical instrumentsBasic surgical instruments
Basic surgical instrumentsFaisal Ameer
 
Operating Room Nursing
Operating Room NursingOperating Room Nursing
Operating Room Nursingshenell delfin
 
Clamping and occluding instrument
Clamping and occluding instrumentClamping and occluding instrument
Clamping and occluding instrumentAziyah Aziz
 
general surgery Instruments-Revision copy.pptx
general surgery Instruments-Revision copy.pptxgeneral surgery Instruments-Revision copy.pptx
general surgery Instruments-Revision copy.pptxm7sd4y47jv
 
Basic armamentarium for minor oral surgery
Basic armamentarium for minor oral surgeryBasic armamentarium for minor oral surgery
Basic armamentarium for minor oral surgeryBabajide Sokoya
 
theatre instruments -maintain one.pptx
theatre   instruments -maintain one.pptxtheatre   instruments -maintain one.pptx
theatre instruments -maintain one.pptxAnthonyMatu1
 
suture material and suturing
suture material and suturingsuture material and suturing
suture material and suturingJoel D'silva
 
Surgical Needles.pptx
Surgical Needles.pptxSurgical Needles.pptx
Surgical Needles.pptxMahesh Raj
 
Instrumentation for Basic Oral Surgery Dr.Ali Mohammed AbuTrab
Instrumentation for Basic Oral Surgery Dr.Ali Mohammed AbuTrabInstrumentation for Basic Oral Surgery Dr.Ali Mohammed AbuTrab
Instrumentation for Basic Oral Surgery Dr.Ali Mohammed AbuTrabAli Mohammed AbuTrab
 
Instrument cs DR G CHANDRASEKAR CS HOSPITAL
Instrument cs DR G CHANDRASEKAR CS HOSPITAL Instrument cs DR G CHANDRASEKAR CS HOSPITAL
Instrument cs DR G CHANDRASEKAR CS HOSPITAL Chandrasekar Stanlean
 
Basic Surgical Orthopedic Instruments
Basic Surgical Orthopedic InstrumentsBasic Surgical Orthopedic Instruments
Basic Surgical Orthopedic InstrumentsDr. Zubair Younis
 

Similaire à Dissection and instruments (20)

Basics of instrument and tissue handling.pptx
Basics of instrument and tissue handling.pptxBasics of instrument and tissue handling.pptx
Basics of instrument and tissue handling.pptx
 
Handling of surgical instruments
Handling of surgical instrumentsHandling of surgical instruments
Handling of surgical instruments
 
Classification of surgical instruments.pptx
Classification of surgical instruments.pptxClassification of surgical instruments.pptx
Classification of surgical instruments.pptx
 
Instruments in major oral and maxillofacial surgery
Instruments in major oral and maxillofacial surgeryInstruments in major oral and maxillofacial surgery
Instruments in major oral and maxillofacial surgery
 
Basic armamentarium for minor oral surgery
Basic armamentarium for minor oral surgeryBasic armamentarium for minor oral surgery
Basic armamentarium for minor oral surgery
 
Basic surgical instruments
Basic surgical instrumentsBasic surgical instruments
Basic surgical instruments
 
Operating Room Nursing
Operating Room NursingOperating Room Nursing
Operating Room Nursing
 
Clamping and occluding instrument
Clamping and occluding instrumentClamping and occluding instrument
Clamping and occluding instrument
 
general surgery Instruments-Revision copy.pptx
general surgery Instruments-Revision copy.pptxgeneral surgery Instruments-Revision copy.pptx
general surgery Instruments-Revision copy.pptx
 
Basic armamentarium for minor oral surgery
Basic armamentarium for minor oral surgeryBasic armamentarium for minor oral surgery
Basic armamentarium for minor oral surgery
 
theatre instruments -maintain one.pptx
theatre   instruments -maintain one.pptxtheatre   instruments -maintain one.pptx
theatre instruments -maintain one.pptx
 
Armamentarium in implantology
Armamentarium in implantologyArmamentarium in implantology
Armamentarium in implantology
 
Basic surgical instruments
Basic surgical instruments Basic surgical instruments
Basic surgical instruments
 
surgical instruments
surgical instrumentssurgical instruments
surgical instruments
 
Sutures
SuturesSutures
Sutures
 
suture material and suturing
suture material and suturingsuture material and suturing
suture material and suturing
 
Surgical Needles.pptx
Surgical Needles.pptxSurgical Needles.pptx
Surgical Needles.pptx
 
Instrumentation for Basic Oral Surgery Dr.Ali Mohammed AbuTrab
Instrumentation for Basic Oral Surgery Dr.Ali Mohammed AbuTrabInstrumentation for Basic Oral Surgery Dr.Ali Mohammed AbuTrab
Instrumentation for Basic Oral Surgery Dr.Ali Mohammed AbuTrab
 
Instrument cs DR G CHANDRASEKAR CS HOSPITAL
Instrument cs DR G CHANDRASEKAR CS HOSPITAL Instrument cs DR G CHANDRASEKAR CS HOSPITAL
Instrument cs DR G CHANDRASEKAR CS HOSPITAL
 
Basic Surgical Orthopedic Instruments
Basic Surgical Orthopedic InstrumentsBasic Surgical Orthopedic Instruments
Basic Surgical Orthopedic Instruments
 

Plus de DrKapilAmgain

Eagle’s Syndrome; Unilateral Elongated Styloid Process: A rare case report. -...
Eagle’s Syndrome; Unilateral Elongated Styloid Process: A rare case report. -...Eagle’s Syndrome; Unilateral Elongated Styloid Process: A rare case report. -...
Eagle’s Syndrome; Unilateral Elongated Styloid Process: A rare case report. -...DrKapilAmgain
 
GENDER DIFFERENCE ON CASE DETECTION OF PULMONARY - Dr. Kapil Amgain
GENDER DIFFERENCE ON CASE DETECTION OF PULMONARY -  Dr. Kapil Amgain GENDER DIFFERENCE ON CASE DETECTION OF PULMONARY -  Dr. Kapil Amgain
GENDER DIFFERENCE ON CASE DETECTION OF PULMONARY - Dr. Kapil Amgain DrKapilAmgain
 
Study of Greater Sciatic Notch in Sex Determination of Hip Bone by Metric Met...
Study of Greater Sciatic Notch in Sex Determination of Hip Bone by Metric Met...Study of Greater Sciatic Notch in Sex Determination of Hip Bone by Metric Met...
Study of Greater Sciatic Notch in Sex Determination of Hip Bone by Metric Met...DrKapilAmgain
 
UNILATERAL LINGUOFACIAL TRUNK: A RARE CASE REPORT: Dr. Kapil Amgain
UNILATERAL LINGUOFACIAL TRUNK: A RARE CASE REPORT: Dr. Kapil AmgainUNILATERAL LINGUOFACIAL TRUNK: A RARE CASE REPORT: Dr. Kapil Amgain
UNILATERAL LINGUOFACIAL TRUNK: A RARE CASE REPORT: Dr. Kapil AmgainDrKapilAmgain
 
Gross Anotomy and Histology of Eyeball - Dr. Kapil Amgain
Gross Anotomy and Histology of Eyeball  - Dr. Kapil AmgainGross Anotomy and Histology of Eyeball  - Dr. Kapil Amgain
Gross Anotomy and Histology of Eyeball - Dr. Kapil AmgainDrKapilAmgain
 

Plus de DrKapilAmgain (6)

Development of face
Development of faceDevelopment of face
Development of face
 
Eagle’s Syndrome; Unilateral Elongated Styloid Process: A rare case report. -...
Eagle’s Syndrome; Unilateral Elongated Styloid Process: A rare case report. -...Eagle’s Syndrome; Unilateral Elongated Styloid Process: A rare case report. -...
Eagle’s Syndrome; Unilateral Elongated Styloid Process: A rare case report. -...
 
GENDER DIFFERENCE ON CASE DETECTION OF PULMONARY - Dr. Kapil Amgain
GENDER DIFFERENCE ON CASE DETECTION OF PULMONARY -  Dr. Kapil Amgain GENDER DIFFERENCE ON CASE DETECTION OF PULMONARY -  Dr. Kapil Amgain
GENDER DIFFERENCE ON CASE DETECTION OF PULMONARY - Dr. Kapil Amgain
 
Study of Greater Sciatic Notch in Sex Determination of Hip Bone by Metric Met...
Study of Greater Sciatic Notch in Sex Determination of Hip Bone by Metric Met...Study of Greater Sciatic Notch in Sex Determination of Hip Bone by Metric Met...
Study of Greater Sciatic Notch in Sex Determination of Hip Bone by Metric Met...
 
UNILATERAL LINGUOFACIAL TRUNK: A RARE CASE REPORT: Dr. Kapil Amgain
UNILATERAL LINGUOFACIAL TRUNK: A RARE CASE REPORT: Dr. Kapil AmgainUNILATERAL LINGUOFACIAL TRUNK: A RARE CASE REPORT: Dr. Kapil Amgain
UNILATERAL LINGUOFACIAL TRUNK: A RARE CASE REPORT: Dr. Kapil Amgain
 
Gross Anotomy and Histology of Eyeball - Dr. Kapil Amgain
Gross Anotomy and Histology of Eyeball  - Dr. Kapil AmgainGross Anotomy and Histology of Eyeball  - Dr. Kapil Amgain
Gross Anotomy and Histology of Eyeball - Dr. Kapil Amgain
 

Dernier

Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 

Dernier (20)

Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 

Dissection and instruments

  • 1. Dissection & Instruments By Dr.T.C.Singel (prof. & HOD) M.P.Shah (Govt.) Medical College, Jamnagar (Gujarat) Mob: +91 9426988704 E-Mail:- drtcsingel@gmail.com
  • 2. • I express my gratitude to my respected teachers. – – – – – – Dr. D. N. Chhatrapati sir Dr. B. R. Kulkarni sir Dr. Dangarwala madam Dr. G. N. Mankad sir Dr. Buch sir Dr. P. M. Raval sir it is their guidance that made me what I am today.
  • 3. Dissection • Definition – – The term “dissection” is a Latin equivalent of the Greek term anatome, meaning to cut up. – Dissection means to cut a part and see. – Dissection means to separate and clean the structures
  • 4. • Cadaver care and safety measures in dissection lab. – One must give respect to cadaver/dead body. Cadaver - means preserved dead body. – Maintain the dignity of cadaver and dead body. – Cover the cadaver to prevent drying effect because once the part is dried it can’t be restored.
  • 5. SAFTY MEASURES • Apron• To protect the clothing. • Shoes/boot – • Use shoes/boot because it gives safety to foot from dropped scalpels or sharp instruments. • Gloves – • Use gloves to avoid the contact from preservatives and other chemicals but the naked hand is best for palpation and feeling the structures. • So, one should avoid gloves as far as possible. • Specs or goggles • While cutting bones use specs or goggles to protect the eyes against any foreign body during cutting.
  • 6. Seating arrangement– The seating arrangements has to be such that, everyone can participate safely and can observe what is happening on the dissection table, comfortably and safely. • The dissection lab must be well ventilated, to prevent suffocation due to formalin.
  • 7. TYPES OF DISSECTION and instruments used • For different purposes various dissections are carried out and for the various dissections, set of instruments used differ. • Here I have narrated the instruments according to various types of dissection. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Comprehensive study dissection Composite study dissection Composite window corridor dissection Unistructural dissection Comprehensive window dissection Dissection for embalming
  • 8. 1. Comprehensive study dissection This is carried out for the routine dissection of part of body or limb. In this study dissection is carried out on a region as a whole. Students’ dissection instruments box is used. • Dissection instruments box contains: 1) plain forceps 2) toothed forceps 3) pointed forceps 4) scissorssmall, big, straight, curved, angular 5) knife handle with blade 6) one piece scalpel 7) painting brush
  • 9. 2. Composite study dissection It is carried out for demonstration and display purpose. In this study dissection is carried out in a particular region or a part of body where some parts may be removed totally or partly. • The instruments used are: dissection instruments box + chisel, hammer, bone cutter, bone cutting saw, retractors
  • 10. 3. Composite window corridor dissection It is carried out for making museum specimens. It appreciates the depth and relations of the deeper structures. • The instruments used are: dissection instruments box + chisel, hammer, bone cutter, bone cutting saw, retractors, and very long needles
  • 11. 4. Uni-structural dissection It is carried out for making museum specimens and for study and demonstration of normal variations and abnormalities in a given structure. Retaining some important relations of a given structure all other structures are removed. The instruments used are: dissection instruments box + chisel, hammer, bone cutter, bone cutting saw, retractors, and bone nibbler
  • 12. 5. Comprehensive window dissection Commonly called as window dissection. • It is carried out for post graduate dissections. Window dissection is carried out to demonstrate a given structure in a given region with its relations. In this dissection all the structures including skin are preserved and as and when necessary they are incised and regulated like a window in such a way that all structures can be preserved back in-situ. • The instruments used are: dissection instruments box + chisel, hammer, bone cutter, bone cutting saw, retractors, pins (to fix up the skin flaps and maintain the relations of the structures in situ)
  • 13. 6. Dissection for embalming It is carried out for to embalm the dead body. The common site of dissection for embalming purpose is cervical region and/or femoral region. The instruments used are: • Along with dissection instruments box we need Gloves, Cap Mask, goggles & guan, Saving kit, Embalming apparatus with Murphy’s chamber & controlling device and vessels cannula / vessels catheter, Knife handle with blade , Artery forcepsSmall, Big, Mosquito, Forceps- Plain, Toothed, Hook retractor with eye, Retractors, Thread, Needle holder, Needle- Straight – cutting, Curved – cutting,
  • 14. Dissection techniques and instruments used The dissection can be carried out as follow: 1. Blunt dissection 2. Sharp dissection 3. Dissection for cleaning structures I. To clean muscles II. To clean nerves III. To clean vessels 4. Underwater dissection technique
  • 15. 1. Blunt dissection• • • • Blunt dissection means pulling/tearing instead of cutting. This can be done by fingers, probe and scissors. Fingers are the first and best dissecting instruments. The next instrument is probe and next scissors with its back edge. • Vessels and nerves can be separated by scissors. Scissors techniques – • A closed pair of scissor is inserted into connective tissue or in between two structures and then it is opened. • During this process it tears the connective tissues in between two structures and it cleans the two structures.
  • 16. 2. Sharp dissection • It is done by scalpel and scissors. • To cut the skin and reflect the flap, the scalpel is used. • Otherwise, scalpels are not used because it may cut the wanted and important structures.
  • 17. 3. Dissection for cleaning the structures • To clean the muscles – The surface of muscle is covered by fat and connective tissues. – It can be cleaned with scissors. Scalpel can be used carefully. – The border of the muscles is cleaned by fingers or prob. • To clean the nerves – The nerves are cleared by removing connective tissue around the nerves with the help of probe and/or scissors. – Don't use scalpel to clean the nerve because it may cut the branches of nerves. • To clean the vessels – Vessels are covered by fat and connective tissues. – The connective tissue is tear or stripped or removed with probe, scissor and forceps. – Don't use scalpel to clean the vessels because it may cut the branches of vessels.
  • 18. 4. Underwater dissection techniques • Maze of fat and connective tissues can be dissected out and removed by underwater dissection techniques. • In this method, the dissection part/specimen is submerged in water and it is trimmed out in the same condition. (That is in the water.) • This technique is used to prepare the museum’s specimens and to prepare specimen for plastination.
  • 19. Instruments required for Dissection 1. Skin marking pencils – – Uses• It is used for surface marking of structures and to mark the bony and other landmarks on cadavers. • It is also used for marking skin incisions.
  • 20. Instruments required for Dissection 2. Fingers – – First dissecting tool is and must be finger. – Always dissect first with finger then probe and then scissors for blunt dissection.
  • 21. • All metal instruments must be of stainless steel metals. 3. Dissecting probe • It is primary dissecting instrument. – Uses – • It is used for tearing connective tissues. • It can also be used for feeling the structures like vessels and nerves. – Description – • It has handle and other end is angular with a rounded end (tip).
  • 22. Scalpel • Use –     It is use to cut and reflect the skin . It is used to cut the tissue and dissection of tough connective tissue. It is used to divide the vessels, pedicels and other structures. It is used for the sharp dissection. • Disadvantages –  It may cut or injure the important structure during dissection.
  • 23. • Scalpel Descriptions • Two parts – »Handle »Blade • Types – »Scalpel with fixed handle and blade. »Handle and blade are separated. (Normally separated handle and blade are used.)
  • 24. • Advantage of scalpel with fixed handle and bladeIt is handled in one piece and it is strong. It is reusable. • Disadvantage of scalpel with fixed handle and bladeSharpness of blade required frequent sharpening. • Advantage of scalpel with disposable bladeVarious size, shape and curvatures of blade are available and used according to the need. • Disadvantage of scalpel with disposable bladeThe blades are use and throw. Once sharpness is gone we have to use a new blade. Handle has a slot for the fixing of the blade. So, slot of the handle and surgical blade must be matching one otherwise it is not used.
  • 25. DISSECTING FORCEPS / THUMB FORCEPS: • The shaft of dissecting forceps is closed by thumb and fingers so it is known as thumb forceps. • Uses • It is used for blunt dissection (i.e. for pulling or tearing instead of cutting). • It is used to grasp, lift and hold the tissues. • Plain forceps is used to hold the delicate structures like peritoneum, vessels, nerves and muscles. • Tooth forceps is used for better grip. • Tooth forceps is used to insert the blade over handle and to remove blade from handle.
  • 26. DISSECTING FORCEPS / THUMB FORCEPS: Descriptions – • It has two shafts and no joints. • So, two shafts (blade) are joined at the top end and they have a spring action. • Objects are hold by tip when the shafts (blade) are pressed by thumb and fingers. • It provide firm grip on tissue and the firmness depends upon the pressure on the shaft. • The two consecutive movements can be done faster by the dissecting forceps. (artery forceps also give firm grip but the two consecutive movements are slow)
  • 27. DISSECTING FORCEPS / THUMB FORCEPS: – Types • Plain forceps. • Tooth forceps / tissue forceps. (Tooth forceps is used for gripping the tissue is also known as tissue forceps.) – Descriptions • It has two parts one blade and other tip. • Blade is long. • On outer surface, there are serration for better grip for handling. • Plain forceps is having ridges and grooves and tooth forceps is having tooth and socket which prevent the slippage of the tissue.
  • 28. SCISSORS Use • It is used in cutting and sectioning of tissue. • It is used to cut tough structures like tendons, ligaments etc. • For blunt dissection, straight scissors is used. • For delicate work, curved scissors is used.
  • 29. SCISSORS – Description – • It is having blade and body (handle) joined by pivot joint. (Axis is formed by the screw). • Blade – It has two edges – » Cutting edge » Non cutting edge
  • 30. SCISSORS • Blade may be plain, curved or having angle between shaft and blade. • According to that scissors are known as – Plain scissors – Curved scissors – Angular scissors • The Curved scissor used for the trimming purpose. • The angular scissor is used for the deeper structures. • The tip of the blade may be pointed or blunt. • Pointed scissors may be used for the blunt dissection.
  • 31. HAEMOSTATIC FORCEPS (ARTERY FORCEPS) • Normally it is also known as artery forceps. • Haemostatic forceps are used on artery, veins and capillaries. • Use :- It is used for strong grasping and holding and catching. • Disadvantage • It crushes the delicate structures. • When it is used as a holding forceps, two consecutive holding of structure is slow. (But in dissecting forceps two consecutive movements are fast.)
  • 32. HAEMOSTATIC FORCEPS (ARTERY FORCEPS) Descriptions –Haemostatic forceps is designed specifically to catch/clamp and to crush the tissue. Parts • Shaft of body (shank) :– It lies between joint and finger bows. • Finger bow (ring):– It is used for holding the instruments.
  • 33. HAEMOSTATIC FORCEPS (ARTERY FORCEPS) • Catch / ratchet :– It lies between shaft and finger bow. – When the catch / ratchet are pressed; the blades are kept in closed position. – 3 catches are for, 1. First catch for catching the tissue. 2. Second catch for clamping the tissue. 3. Third catch for crushing the tissue.
  • 34. HAEMOSTATIC FORCEPS (ARTERY FORCEPS) • Joints :– Joint is between the body and the blade. – Joint may be pivot joint. (Screw form the axis). – It may be the box joint. (Shaft passes in the slot of other shaft). • Blades (jaw) – The blade/jaw is having transverse serration on inner aspect. – The blade may be straight or curved.
  • 35. NEEDLE HOLDER: Use • It is used to hold the needle. Parts • Shaft of body (shank):– It lies between joint and finger bows. • Finger bow :– It is used for holding the instruments.
  • 36. NEEDLE HOLDER: • Catch / ratchet :– It lies between shaft and finger bow. – When the catch / ratchet are pressed; the blades are kept in closed position.
  • 37. NEEDLE HOLDER: • Joint :– It is present between body and shaft. – It is having modified box joint. – Shaft passes in the slot of other shaft. • Blades :– Blades are having cris-cross or transverse serrations and in the centre of the blade there is groove.
  • 38. NEEDLE HOLDER: • How to hold the needle holder – Curved needle is hold by needle holder, at the junction between anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the needle. – This gives maximum mechanical advantage of curved needle. – If needle is hold nearer to the tip, the mechanical advantage is less but the penetrating power is more. – If we hold needle nearer to eye, chances of breakage of needle nearer to eye is more.
  • 39. NEEDLE HOLDER: • Difference between haemostatic forceps and needle holder: Haemostatic forceps Needle holder 1 Lighter instrument Heavier instrument 2 Blades length 1/3 and shaft length 2/3 Blades smaller 3 Transverse serration on the inner side of blades Serrations –criss- cross or transverse and groove in blade 4 Joint screw type or may be box type Joint is box type only
  • 40. NEEDLE Use • It is used to suture the skin, subcutaneous tissues, connective tissues and other structures. • It is also used to fix the structures together. • It is also used to ligate around the tubular structure.
  • 41. NEEDLE • Description: the needle may be curved or straight. It may be cutting or non cutting. – Eye – Tip – Body • Eye: – Eye allows the suturing thread to pass. – It is the weakest part of the needle • Tip: – It is the pointed end of the body of the needle • Body: – It is tapering towards the tip. – It may be triangular on cross section with a cutting edge.
  • 42. SAW: • Use – It is use for cutting of bones. – Now electrical saws are also available. Description – Handle- Pistol grip handle, which is design to grip. – Blade or edge-Edges is having two borders cutting and non-cutting
  • 43. BONE CUTTING & BONE NIBBLER FORCEPS : Use – It is used to cut the small and large pieces of bones, edges of the bones, spicules, spines and processes of bones. – It is used for tearing away the remainings of muscles, ligaments and pieces of periosteum of bone as it gives firm grip on the tissue without cutting them.
  • 44. BONE CUTTING & BONE NIBBLER FORCEPS : Description – It has body or shaft, blades and joints. • body or shaft:– It is strong and convex on outer side. – The convex outer surface is ridged for firm grip. – The concave inner surface of shaft is having resistance which allows sudden acute cutting force for cutting the bones. (If the gradual pressure is allowed then first crush and then may cut the bones.)
  • 45. BONE CUTTING & BONE NIBBLER FORCEPS : • Joint – It is having pivot or modified box joint. – Joints may be one or two joints. Advantage of two joint – The cutting power is increase with less effort by these multiple lever system. • blades – It is having two straight and strong blades.
  • 46. CHIESEL : Use • It is used to cut the strong bones Description – It is having handle and shaft – Handle • On one end of handle, there is head, where the hammer can be hit or stroked. • On other end of handle, there is shaft. – Shaft: • The shaft is flat • On one end, shaft is continues with the handle. • On other end, shaft has cutting edge, cutting edge is bevelled on one side.
  • 47. HAMMER / MALLET Use: – It is used to hit or stroke. – It is used along with chisel to cut the bones. Description: – Handle – Striking end • Striking end is heavier, which increase the strength of the stroke
  • 48. • Brain knife: • Retractor:
  • 49. comprehensive study(routine) dissection and window dissection comprehensive study(routine) dissection: • comprehensive study(routine) dissection gives better exposure of the structure in whole region. • comprehensive study(routine) dissection is useful for understanding & identification of structure and relation in general. • comprehensive study(routine) dissection is useful for the gross anatomy study purpose but it may increase the cadaveric wastage.
  • 50. Routine and window dissection WINDOW DISSECTION - When a particular specific structure are required to be demonstrated, window dissection is preferred - It is done in given region - It demonstrate the layer by layer relations of deeper structure - It prevent dryness of deeper structures - It minimizes the wastage of body parts - It is useful for the museum part preparation also - It give better view of the relations among skin, superficial fascia and deep fascia and other structures
  • 51. • I am thankful to Dr. Amit Singel, Dr. Dhaval Talsaniya, Dr. K. P. Patravala (Ex. Prof & HOD) and Dr. Mohit Changani for helping at each & every stages of this presentation.
  • 52. I would like to congratulate Anatomy Department and KLE university’s, J. N. Medical College, Belgaum, for organizing CME on “postgraduate intensive training program”. I feel proud to be a part of this program which’ll help PG students of anatomy.

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Discription : it has two parts : handle and blade , joined together in one pieceTypes : Fixed handle and blade scalpelScalpel handle with disposable scalpel blade.Fixed handle and blade scalpel :Advantage : 1) it can be handled in one piece and it is strong 2) it is reusable.Disadvantage : Blade requires frequent sharpening.Scalpel handle with disposable scalpel blade. :Advantage : 1) available in various sizes and shapes 2) disposable blades are available in various curvatures and size and shapes according to the need.Disadvantage : It is use and throw.
  2. How to hold scalpel Scalpel is hold in pen holding mannerA good dissection required long time & patienceDuring dissection, dissector may get impatience or fatigueAlthough normally filling of impatience create strong desire to complete the workFor a good dissection one should stop the dissectionHow to hold forcepsSteps of dissectionPosition of bodyFor a good dissection position of a body is also important especially dissection of perineum and axillaOne should do dissection step by step for demonstration purpose like First skin then superficial fascia then deep fascia then deeper structureThis will prevent drying of structure
  3. Classification of scissorsAccording to blades a. Straight: blades are in line with the body. b. Curved: The blade is curved on itself. It is again classified into two types : i) curved on flat side ii) curved on edgeAdvantage : Structures on both the sides of tip are visible while cutting. c. Angled: There is angle between body and blade at the joint. Use: curved and angled are used for deeper structuresAccording to the tip of scissorsa. pointed: tip of the blade is pointed.b. blunt: tip of the blade is blunt.c.blunt and pointed: one blade is pointed and the other is blunt.According to length of the handle/body a.Short Use : in for superficial structuresb.Long Use: used for deeper structures
  4. Instrument used for picking up, pulling, and holding thingsParts of the forceps: Finger bow (ring): It is used for holding the instrument. Shaft of the body (shank): It lies between joints and finger bows Type: a. long shaft b. short shaftCatch / ratchet: It lies between shaft and finger bow It may or may not be present Once the catch are pressed, the blades are kept in closed positionBlades (jaw): It is terminal part of the instrument On one side of the joint is blade and on other side shaft/body. Classified according to shape : Oval Fenestrated Serration on inner aspect Straight CurvedJoints: joint is in between body and shaft Type: a. Pivot joint- screw forms the axis. b. Box joint-shaft passes in the slot of other shaft.
  5. Instrument used for picking up, pulling, and holding thingsParts of the forceps: Finger bow (ring): It is used for holding the instrument. Shaft of the body (shank): It lies between joints and finger bows Type: a. long shaft b. short shaftCatch / ratchet: It lies between shaft and finger bow It may or may not be present Once the catch are pressed, the blades are kept in closed positionBlades (jaw): It is terminal part of the instrument On one side of the joint is blade and on other side shaft/body. Classified according to shape : Oval Fenestrated Serration on inner aspect Straight CurvedJoints: joint is in between body and shaft Type: a. Pivot joint- screw forms the axis. b. Box joint-shaft passes in the slot of other shaft.
  6. It has a modified box joint.
  7. It has a modified box joint.
  8. It has a modified box joint.