Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

1. Introduction Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Assoc. Prof. Emad Nabil
Faculty of computer and information system, Islamic University of Madinah, KSA
Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo, Egypt
11 /11/2019

2. What is the definition of human intelligence and
artificial intelligence

3. The human intelligence
Plato defined intelligence as:
the activity that gives its owner science and
learning

4. The human intelligence
• Oxford Dictionary: The ability to acquire and apply
knowledge and skills.

5. The human intelligence
• Edwin Boring Professor of Psychology at Harvard
University
The human Intelligence is what we can measure
using IQ Tests

6. The human intelligence
Intelligence is the term that includes the
following mental abilities:
• Analysis,
• planning,
• solving problems,
• building conclusions,
• Abstract thinking,
• Learning languages,
• speed of learning,
• Ability to feel and express feelings
• Understanding the feelings of others.

7. The Definition of Artificial Intelligence

8. The Artificial intelligence
• The term artificial intelligence was coined by
the American scientist John McCarthy in 1956
• He defined it as the science and engineering
of making intelligent machines.

9. The Artificial intelligence
• AI research aims to create AI that can
replicate or mimic intelligent humans.
Some abilities of humans are:
• Writing poetry
• Drawing
• Solving complex mathematical problems
• Translation

10. Portrait of Edmond de Belamy (2018), The first AI-Generated Portrait Sells for $432,500 in an Auction

11. AI Types
Weak AI
• Weak AI is the use of software to study or
accomplish a solution to a particular problem and
does not include all human cognitive abilities.
• Ex: Deep Blue: The famous chess program .. It
solves certain issues but does not have the
capabilities of human cognition such as
awareness.
DEEP BLUE - A super chess computer with the addition of specific circuits
time-A prominent three.IBMproduced by,s1990developed in the early
1989who was defeated in the firstGary Kasparov,world chess champion
and the second in 1996 with a score of 2-4 and then won the revenge
match of six innings on May 11, 1997

12. Types of AI
Strong AI is the case when the machine can:
* Approach human intelligence
* has some degree cognitive abilities.

13. The Robot Sofia
• Appeared in 2016.
• Sofia is a human-like robot designed by Hanson Robotics in Hong
Kong.
• The robot made headlines in the world as the first robot in the
world to become a legitimate citizen by obtaining Saudi
citizenship.
• Sofia has some features of humans, like:
• Expressing her feelings
• Having sense of humor
• Speaking and communicating in an understandable language

14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5t6K9iwcdw

15. The Robot Sofia
• David Hanson designed the robot to be:
• A suitable companion for the elderly
• To help people in large events, public
squares (airports or train stations)

16. The Robot Sofia
Granting Sofia citizenship has led to several
questions

17. The Robot Sofia
Granting Sofia citizenship has led to several
questions
• The right to vote
• The right to marry (Bicentennial Man movie)
• If disabling its system is a murder.

18. When do we call the machine intelligent?

19. When do we call the machine intelligent?
 In 1950, the English mathematician Alan Turing
designed a test if passed by the machine we
consider intelligent.

20. When do we call the machine intelligent?
 Using Turing test
 As explained in the image in LHS, the
goal From the test to determine who
is the man and who is the machine
 by asking questions if the judge could
not differentiate between them, we
say the machine is intelligent.

21. Is there a machine that has
passed the Turing test?

22. Eugene Goostman
• Eugene Goostman is an artificial intelligence software program that conducts online conversations as a 13-
year-old Ukrainian child.
• In 2014, at an event at the Royal Society in London, organized by the University of Reading, Eugene
Gustman passed the Turing test, convincing 33% of the judges that he was a human.
• Unfortunately the chatbot is not available online, which raises doubts about that claim.

23. Sources of inspiration for IA

24. Sources of inspiration for IA
Today AI not only mimic humans, but also can mimic other species and
phenomenon in nature.
Neural network, deep learning
Biology Nature Physics
Ant colony optimization Quantum-Mechanics-Based Algorithms

25. Clonal selection algorithm DeCastro, Zubin

26. AI languages

27. AI Languages
27
Python
 very simple and can be easily learnt.
 Easier than Java, C++ or Ruby.
 There are plenty of libraries and frameworks in python
https://hackernoon.com/top-8-python-libraries-for-machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence-y08id3031

28. AI Languages
R :
R is one of the most effective language and environment for analyzing
and manipulating the data for statistical purposes.

29. AI Languages
Lisp
• one of the oldest and the most suited languages for the development
in AI.
•
• It was invented by John McCarthy, the father of Artificial Intelligence
in 1958.
• It has the capability of processing the symbolic information
effectively.

30. AI Languages
Prolog: The features provided by Prolog include
• efficient pattern matching,
• tree-based data structuring and
• automatic backtracking.

31. AI Languages
Java: Java can also be considered as a good choice for AI development.
• easy use, debugging ease, package services,
• simplified work with large-scale projects,
• graphical representation of data and better user interaction.

32. Applications of AI

33. The Super Doctor
By the help of AI, doctors can diagnose
serious diseases such as cancer, for example,
before it is too late. It analyzes images to
diagnose any possible early signs.

35. The Super Doctor
• The ability to analyze medical images and
notice the finer details that doctors may not
notice.
• Ex: Stanford has produced an algorithm that
can better detect pneumonia ‫الرئوي‬ ‫اﻻلتهاب‬ than
radiologists.

36. The Super Doctor
Google Deep Mind is used in the UK
National Health Services to detect
potential health hazards by collecting
data from a mobile application.

37. Cleveland Clinic and IBM , Cleveland Clinic is ranked as one of the best
hospitals in the United States

38. Tree planting drone
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EkNdrTZ7CG4

39. Are there risks of using Drones?

40. Self-driving cars
Tesla One of the first automotive brands that launched a self-driving vehicle.
Google, Audi, Cadillac and Volvo are also developing their own model

41. Self-driving cars
Uber also made the first 50,000 orders by a self-driving truck.
https://www.wired.com/2016/10/ubers-self-driving-truck-makes-first-delivery-50000-beers/

42. Self driving cars
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlThdr3O5Qo

43. Things To Consider About
Self-driving Cars
Police: Driving license please
Me : I don't drive
Police: 🤔🤔

44. Things To Consider About
Self-driving Cars
Officer: Sir have you been drinking?
Me :“Of course, but not the car”
Officer : 🤔🤔

45. Things To Consider About
Self-driving Cars
What about accidents!
who is responsible ???

46. Automatic Programming
• A higher goal of Automatic programming is to produce a smart
program that can produce a program by itself.
• i.e. give the program the details of the problem to design and it
will produce the program.

47. Some AI Applications That You Can Try

48. AI Applications that you can try
brain.fm
https://brain.fm/

49. AI Applications that you can try
Replika
https://replika.ai/

50. AI Applications that you can try
Ada
https://ada.com/

51. AI Applications that you can try
Deep Art Effects
https://www.deeparteffects.com/
transforms your photos and videos into works using artistic style transfer of famous artists.

52. Some characteristics of
artificial intelligence programs

53. Characteristics of artificial intelligence programs
The ability to learn
 The ability to learn is one of the
characteristics of intelligent behavior
 learning in humans is through
observation (Supervised Learning)
 or take advantage of the mistakes of
the past (Reinforcement Learning)

54. Characteristics of artificial intelligence programs
The ability to learn
• The difference between deep learning
and reinforcement learning
• Deep learning is learning from a
training group and then applying that
learning to a new data set
• Reinforcement learning dynamically
learns by adjusting actions based on
continuous feedback to maximize
reward.
https://jisrlabs.com/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85/

55. Fears of Artificial Intelligence

56. Fears of artificial intelligence
Significant advances in AI may lead to
the humans' end.

57. Fears of artificial intelligence
The argument is supported by the hypothesis:
• humans dominate other creatures because they
have a brain with distinctive abilities
• so if AI outperforms human brains and in turn
becomes super-intelligent
• it will be powerful and difficult to control.

58. Fears of artificial intelligence
• Programming the machines with values similar
to human values is very difficult
• AI devices may try to stop their shutting down
• AI has a lot for humanity
• AI machines will not have the desire to keep
themselves running.

59. Fears of artificial intelligence
Amazon Killed an AI Recruitment System
Because It Couldn’t Stop the Tool from
Discriminating Against Women
https://fortune.com/2018/10/10/amazon-ai-recruitment-bias-women-sexist/?fbclid=IwAR1up6bTmEfV6Fi9BLCEouIKeFJqPGECMbEHmC8D9RvghDNHbQev1iXUbmo

60. Questions

61. Q1: Neural Network is not a new AI
technique, why is it booming nowadays?
• ANN needs learning which is a time-consuming task, in the past
hardware was poor, but now the advances in hardware make learning
NN an easy task.
• ANN accuracy depends on the amount of training data, nowadays
there are a tremendous amount of data in almost every field.

62. True of False
Emotion understanding is not part of AI
False

63. True of False
Emotion understanding is not part of AI
False

64. Give an example of Nature inspired
algorithms
Ant colony optimization

65. True or False
creating a piece of music is an example of
strong AI
False