research pages

1. Veganuary
Emily Shaw

2. Research

3. The Vegan Society
https://www.vegansociety.com/go-
vegan/dairy-industry
Summary: This article focus’ on the facts from
within the dairy industry and states a lot of
facts and figures about the process that
happens on a dairy farm and what the cattle
go through in order to produce the milk. An
example of this is the fact that over a third of
British dairy cows suffer from painful udder
infections. The article also states that the
calves are taken away from their mothers
around a day after birth which therefore
causes a lot of distress for both the mother
and calf. This article also highlights some of
the illnesses British cows generally suffer from
with the dairy industry.
Tags: The Vegan Society, Dairy farming.
‘Farms exist for profit, not to make sure the
wants and needs of cattle are met.’ –The
Vegan Society.
‘Dairy cows are considered spent between 7
-8 years at which age they are slaughtered.’
– The Vegan Society
Quotes:

4. Veganism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V
eganism
Summary: The opening of this article gives a clear
definition for veganism and also breaks down the
different types of vegans there are. The opening few
paragraphs also introduce Donald Watson who was
the co-founder of The Vegan Society in 1944. this
article also features the health benefits from going
going vegan such as a vegan diet generally consists
of more dietary fibre, magnesium, folic acid, vitamin
C and many more. This article also contains an
depth view of the history of veganism and who
started it, and when it became more popular to
become vegan or vegetarian. There is also mentions
of the philosophical side of veganism and what
peoples beliefs are.
Quotes:
‘Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from
the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and
an associated abolitionist philosophy that rejects
the commodity status of animals.’
‘The term vegan was coined in 1944 by Donald
Watson when he co-founded the Vegan Society in
England.’
‘Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of
some types of chronic disease including heart
disease.’
Tags: Wikipedia, Veganism, Donald Watson.

5. Animals (Veganuary)-
https://veganuary.com/why/ani
mals/
Summary: This article highlights the fact that
animals are a lot like humans and are capable of
feeling similar emotions like pain, stress and
happiness. As the food and fashion industry uses a
lot of mass-production the well-being off the
animals is looked over, the worst for this is the dairy
industry as eggs are needed in very large quantities.
This article also states the animals most effected by
these industries are chickens, cows, ducks, fish,
pigs, rabbits, sheep and lambs and turkeys.
Quotes:
‘The mass production of animals for food and
clothing has resulted in an industry that cares little
for their well-being’
‘Research tells us that chickens probably suffer the
most miserable existence of all factory farmed
animals’
‘Dairy cows have their calves removed from them
only hours after giving birth’
Validating sources: The information from this
website is most likely to be fact as the
Veganuary website ensure all they post is
truthful at the time of posting. Some similar
facts are also stated on the PETA website.
Tags: Veganuary, Fashion industry, animals, emotions.

6. Animals used for clothing (PETA)
http://www.peta.org/issues/anim
als-used-for-clothing/
Summary: This article is very concise and
states how millions of animals are killed
each year just to produce clothes for the
fashion industry. Also in this article there
are links to a website which instructs
people on ‘How to dress vegan’ and this
gives tips and advice on how to avoid
products that have been made from
animal produce, there is also a segment on
that page which tells people where to buy
vegan clothing. There are also many
different more specific industries which
use animals for clothing such as fur,
leather and wool.
Quotes:
‘An immeasurable amount of suffering goes
into every fur-trimmed jacket, leather belt,
and wool sweater.’
Validating sources: This source is fairly
reliable and factual as it comes from the
PETA website which is a very well known and
factual company.
Tags: animals, clothing, PETA

7. The Fur Industry (PETA)
http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-
for-clothing/fur/
Summary: This article highlights the fact that animal fur is
everywhere in the fashion industry even if its just the trim of
a coat. Within this industry animals are treated horrendously
on ‘fur farms’ where they live in cramped wire cages, as well
as this the methods used to kill the animals are usually the
cheapest and most aggressive. The article also draws
attention towards the fact that in china dogs and cats are also
killed for their fur and can be mislabeled. At the end of this
article PETA state that there are other options like faux fur
and cruelty free fabrics.
Quotes:
‘More than half the fur in the U.S. comes from China, where
millions of dogs and cats are bludgeoned, hanged, bled to
death, and often skinned alive for their fur.’
‘Cruelty-free fabrics and faux furs are available in stores
everywhere, and PETA continues to work with designers and
clothing retailers to encourage them to use and sell only
animal-friendly fabrics.’
Validating sources: As all this information came from the
PETA website it is most likely to be reliable as it’s a trusted
site.
Tags: Fur, animals, PETA, cruelty free.

8. The Leather Industry (PETA)
http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-
clothing/leather-industry/
Summary: This article focus’ on the harsh reality of the leather industry
and how you never really where the leather you're wearing has come
from as leather can be made from cows, pigs, goats, sheep, alligators,
ostriches, kangaroos and even dogs and cats which are used in china
for their skin and meat and the leather produced there is never labeled
so you will never truly know where the leather you're wearing has
come from. Also the article states how in developing countries where
most leather comes from there are limited animal welfare laws
therefore the animals there are treated even worse. Leather is also
destroying the environment much like the meat industry is, this is
because of the toxins used in tanning.
Quotes:
‘In the U.S., many of the millions of cows and other animals who are
killed for their skin endure the horrors of factory farming—extreme
crowding and deprivation as well as castration, branding, tail-docking,
and dehorning—all without any painkillers.’
‘Buying leather directly contributes to factory farms and
slaughterhouses because skin is the most economically important
byproduct of the meat industry.’
‘With every pair of leather shoes that you buy, you sentence an animal
to a lifetime of suffering.’
Validating sources: Again all this information comes from the website
PETA and they are one of the words largest animal rights organizations.
Tags: Leather, PETA, animals

9. ‘This Is What a Vegan Looks Like’ (The
guardian) Sunday 11 September.
https://www.theguardian.com/global
/2016/sep/11/why-so-many-people-
are-converting-to-veganism
Summary: This articles main aim is to introduce vegans
and state the fact that anyone can be vegan there isn't a
specific type of vegan. Celebrities are also used in this
article to try entice and convert people as names such as
Beyoncé and Brad Pitt are used. Then lower down in the
article there's small interviews with bloggers and
everyday vegans, where you find out why hey became a
vegan and what their thoughts are about the vegan
lifestyle which is very helpful for anyone who's aiming to
be vegan r on the fence about being vegan.
Quotes:
‘The number of vegans has been rising in the UK – up by
360% over the past decade.’
‘At the moment there are more than half a million in this
country’
‘There is the stereotype of the granola-eating hippie.
That’s not me. I became vegan for environmental
reasons which really resonated with me.’ –Diana
Picnkett, 44, London.
Validating sources: As this is taken from a national
newspapers website the facts at the top of the article
will have had to have been checked multiple times to
ensure they're corrects.
Tags: normal people, vegan people, the guardian.

10. ‘The Easy Way To Go Cruelty-Free’
http://www.peta.org.uk/living/easy-
way-go-cruelty-free/
Summary: The article highlights the fact that testing on animals for
cosmetics and other toiletry products has been banned across the UK
for around 3 years now, since then testing on animals was also banned
across the European Union. However there are countries like China
where testing on animals is compulsory and the company has to pay
for the products to be tested on animals. Although there is a law
against animal testing for cosmetics, there is still no law against animal
testing for household cleaning products although one is being
considered, but generally the testing doesn’t take place in this country
so wouldn’t be very effective. There are certain high street companies
such as LUSH and The Body Shop and many more which is on the PETA
cruelty free list. There are a variety of cosmetics and household
products that contain animal ingredients and aren't completely vegan,
an example of a company of a company which has range of products
which are vegan is LUSH.
Quotes:
‘The testing of cosmetics and toiletry products on animals has long
been banned in the UK, and as of March 2013’
‘In some countries – China, for example – it is compulsory for any
company that sells cosmetics to pay for the products to be tested on
animals.’
‘Unless a company has a policy in place about the ingredients it uses, it
is very likely that the ingredients it buys have been tested on animals.’
‘LUSH has its own range of entirely vegan cosmetics’
‘Thousands of animals suffer and are killed for cosmetics testing
around the world every year – and billions are also killed for food.’
Validating Sources: As this article is from the PETA website itself
means its fairly reliable due to the fact that they are a well established,
well known company that promote animal welfare and animal rights
groups.
Tags: PETA, Animal testing, LUSH, Cruelty free.

11. ‘Cosmetics and Animal Testing’
http://www.peta.org.uk/issues/animals-
not-experiment-on/cosmetics/
Summary: This article focus’ in more on the cosmetics and toiletries side of
animal testing. Although it was made illegal in 2013 among the EU to sell
animal tested cosmetics within Europe. Also there are ways around this law
as animal tested products cant be sold in Europe, however outside of
Europe the cosmetics can be tested on animals and sell them in other
markets. Although animal testing for cosmetics is banned, animal testing on
household products is still to be banned in Europe, meaning that hundreds
of rats, mice, rabbits and guinea pigs are in toxicity tests for chemicals that
are used in household products, to test these the products are injected into
the animals skin and forced down their throats doing this can cause,
vomiting , organ failures, death and many more side effects.
Quotes:
‘PETA has been at the technical forefront of the animal protection
community in its campaign to replace animal methods with in vitro methods
in regulatory toxicity testing. Importantly, they have backed up their
activities with real dollars to support the development of nonanimal
methods.’
—Dr. Rodger Curren, President, Institute for In Vitro Sciences
‘Following the ban on animal-tested cosmetics in Europe, ending animal
tests for household products is the next logical step – and would save
countless lives.’
‘PETA is urging the UK government to end these animals’ suffering by
banning all animal-testing for household products and their ingredients.’
‘Despite the remarkable progress that’s been made, ingredients used in
cosmetics may still be tested on animals in the EU under REACH, the world’s
largest chemical testing programme.’
Validating Sources: As this article came from the PETA website it is reliable
as it is at the forefront of being against animal testing and how badly
animals are treated within the fashion industry.
Tags: PETA, cosmetics, animal testing, animals.

12. ‘The Rise of Vegan Teenagers’
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyl
e/2016/may/27/the-rise-of-vegan-
teenagers-more-people-are-into-it-
because-of-instagram Friday 27th May
2016.
Summary: This article focus’ in on the fact that young people make up
almost half of all the vegan sin the UK, as 42% of UK vegans are aged
between 15-34 where as only 14% are over 65. Also in this article it
states that in 2006 150,000 people in the UK chose a plant based diet
which is an increase of 350%. One of the people they interviewed was
a 17 year old boy from south northamptonshire who said that he
discovered veganism online and was immediately interested by the
videos he was seeing.
Quotes:
‘It took me a while to go fully vegan – I was vegetarian for some time
before – as I didn’t realise it would be so easy to get into.’ – Euan
Reece, 17.
‘Veganism is definitely more common among young people now. I feel
that social media has played a major part in this, but there’s also the
fact that younger people aren’t bound as much by traditional values,
so they are more likely to change to a more leftfield thing such as
veganism.’ – Euan Reece, 17.
‘I find that men are looked down on in mainstream circles for being
vegan as it isn’t seen as masculine.’ – Euan Reece, 17.
‘On Instagram, people make veganism look like a very desirable
lifestyle, and young girls can be influenced by that.’ – Megan
Malthouse, 17, Hampshire.
Validating sources- This source is fairly trustworthy as the article
comes from the Guardian and is also mainly based on statistics and
interviews with teenagers.
Tags- The guardian, veganism, teenagers, statistics.

13. Veganism and the Environment.
https://veganuary.com/why/enviro
nment/
Summary: This article highlights the information like the fact
the fishing, pollution and deforestation is destroying many
species homes, for example sloths are one of many victims
that are effected by deforestation. This article contains a lot
of facts, figures and quotes which is helpful to gage the scale
of deforestation and how many species are actually effected.
Quotes:
‘Every second, any area of rainforest equivalent to a football
field is cleared to provide space to grow animal feed and for
pasture grazing.’
‘The charity Rainforest Concern estimate that:
1 lb beef = 200 sq m of rainforest destroyed.’
‘According to a United Nations Food and Agricultural report:
96% of all wild fish species are moderately exploited, or
worse.’
Tags: wildlife, veganury, deforestation.

14. Cowspiracy Infographic
http://www.cowspiracy.com/infographic
Summary: This infographic contains lots of key facts and figures on
veganism and how it effects the environment to produce meat on
such a large scale. Also within this infographic it highlight facts like 90
million tons are pulled from ocean each year, also the way the
information is presented makes it more appealing to a wider variety
of people as it catches the eye. Also from these graphics you learn
that in 1 hamburger there are 660 gallons of water which is the
equivalent of 2 months worth of showers. Also 51% of global
greenhouse gas emissions is due the byproducts of livestock.
Validating sources: this is a valid source as it is a fairly well known site
with other links and connections, so it likely that all their facts are up
to date and have been a checked a lot to ensure they are true as a lot
of people will likely to have seen this infographic.
Tags: cowspiracy, infographic, facts, statistics.

15. ‘How your diet could change the
world’
https://www.vegansociety.com/g
o-vegan/environment
Summary: Also in this article there is a lot of facts and statistics
which help to show the scale of meat production and veganism for
example this article states that since the 60’s the population had
doubled yet the worlds meat production has quadrupled which is a
shocking scale as that isn't a well known fact that the meant
production industry is that large across the world. Meat production
contributes massively towards global warming, pollution,
deforestation, water scarcity and species extinction. Having ore
animals in the food production industry also means that they will
need food to feed them, which indicates that in years to come there
wont be enough room for both the crops and the animals. Food and
land security can also be effected by this and a vegan and plant based
diet don’t use as many resources and would therefore save a lot
more space, as well as this a vegan diet uses less water and would
help to eliminate the water scarcity problem that may develop.
Quotes:
‘The world will only have 60% of the water it needs by 2030 without
significant global policy change, according to a recent report from the
U.N.’
‘Livestock production has increased massively; there are now 4 and a
half times as many tonnes of pig produced in 2013 compared to
1961, while world chicken production has increased by nearly 13
times.’
‘The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
predicts that by 2050 world meat production will have almost
doubled, as the Western taste for meat, eggs and dairy products
continues to grow.’
‘The planet cannot feed both increasing human and farmed animal
populations, especially when there will be between 2-4 billion more
human mouths to feed by 2050.’
Validating Sources: The source is also a fairly reliable website as its
an official company ‘The Vegan Society’ which is one of the leading
vegan action sites.
Tags: The vegan society, environment, water scarcity

16. ‘UN Urges global move to meat and dairy-
free diet’
https://www.theguardian.com/environme
nt/2010/jun/02/un-report-meat-free-diet
(Wednesday 2 June 2010)
Summary: This article is based more around the UN’s concerns that
without more people turning to a vegan diet it could lead to world hunger,
fuel poverty and climate change. The UNEP (United Nations Environment
Programme) states that diets rich in meat and dairy products are not
sustainable as there is estimated to be 9.1 billion people by 2050.
Quotes:
‘Agriculture, particularly meat and dairy products, accounts for 70% of
global freshwater consumption, 38% of the total land use and 19% of the
world’s greenhouse gas emissions, says the report, which has been
launched to coincide with UN World Environment day on Saturday.’
‘Last year the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation said that food
production would have to increase globally by 70% by 2050 to feed the
world’s surging population.’
‘Professor Edgar Hertwich, the lead author of the report, said: “Animal
products cause more damage than [producing] construction minerals such
as sand or cement, plastics or metals. Biomass and crops for animals are as
damaging as [burning] fossil fuels.”’
‘The recommendation follows advice last year that a vegetarian diet was
better for the planet from Lord Nicholas Stern, former adviser to the
Labour government on the economics of climate change.’
Validating Sources: As this article came for the Guardian it is fairly reliable
however it is 6 years old so I may have to check on some of the facts and
statistics from this article to ensure that they are still correct.
Tags: The guardian, environment, statistics

17. ‘Veganism & The Environment’
http://www.yourdailyvegan.com/env
ironment/
Summary: This article covers all aspects of veganism and the
environment ranging across global hunger, climate change,
habitat loss, resource depletion. This post also says that
raising animals for food is the largest source of greenhouse
gases, land use and rainforest deforestation, and also
contributes to air pollution and the extinction of species. Also
by raising animals for food it takes up 45% of Earths land, and
is reliable for up 91% of Amazon destruction.
Quotes:
‘It takes more than 11 times as much fossil fuel to make one
calorie from animal protein as it does to make one calorie
from plant protein.’
‘Raising animals for food uses 45% of Earth’s total land’
‘Animal agriculture is responsible for 80-90% of water
consumption, more than any other activity in the United
States.’
‘One pound of beef requires 2,500 gallons of water.’
‘One pound of eggs requires 477 gallons of water.’
‘One pound of cheese requires 900 gallons of water.’
‘One gallon of milk requires 1,000 gallons of water.’
‘82% of starving children live in countries where food is fed to
animals, and the animals are eaten by western countries’
Validating Sources: ‘Your Daily Vegan is committed to
providing accurate information to the vegan community. The
information and data presented in this article has been
meticulously researched, and is based on the information
available to me at the time of publication. Each guide is
periodically reviewed for accuracy and updated as necessary.
You can find the update date listed at the end of every guide.
Please contact me if you find out-of-date or incorrect
information.’
Tags: environment, statistics, your daily vegan

18. Health benefits- Veganuary
https://veganuary.com/why/health/
Summary: This article on Veganuary states that the second
biggest reason for people going vegan is now for the health
benefits. One of these health benefits is that going
vegan/vegetarian can help lower blood pressure, as it was
research that meat eaters generally have a higher blood
pressure than non-meat eaters. High blood pressure can be
the cause of heart disease, strokes and kidney failure. Also
studies have shown that vegans cholesterol levels are
generally lower than a meat eaters, high cholesterol can cause
heart attacks and strokes. As well as this research found that
vegans generally have a lower BMI than people on a standard
meat eating diet, veganism can help combat the risk of
obesity.
Quotes:
‘Between 1996 and 2011, obesity rates in the UK have almost
doubled; 24% for men and 26% for women.’
‘Trials of diets have also shown that being vegan is more
effective than a low fat standard diets.’
‘A two year controlled trial inObesity compared a moderate
low fat diet to a vegan diet. The results showed that the
vegans lost significantly more weight than those on the low fat
diet.’
“All my blood tests are good, and my vital signs are good, and I
feel good, and I also have, believe it or not, more energy.” –
Bill Clinton (became vegan after emergency heart surgery).
‘Approximately 30% of the UK population have high blood
pressure.’
‘In 2012, a cross sectional study in Public Health Nutrition
compared the blood pressure of non-vegetarians, semi
vegetarians, pescatarians, and vegans. The results showed
that vegans had the lowest risk for high blood pressure.’
Validating Sources: As all this information came from the
veganuary website its most reliable and contains references of
where they found their information from too.

19. ‘Is a vegan diet healthy?’
http://www.jamieoliver.com/news-and-
features/features/vegan-diet-
healthy/#ImgYdUw2bBw5VbtH.97
(December 31st 2014)
Summary: This article contains a balanced argument on the health
benefits and downfalls of a vegan diet for example a vegan diet is
is generally higher in vitamin C and fibre and is also lower in
saturated fats however the article also says that vegan diets can
also be fairly low in calcium, iron and vitamin D, so you need to be
conscious of whether or not you are low in any of these vitamins or
minerals. This article also highlights that fact no matter what diet
you are on there's always a risk of it being unhealthy if you eat too
much of one thing and too little of another.
Quotes:
‘A recent study indicated that the average vegan diet is higher in
vitamin C and fibre, and lower in saturated fat than one containing
meat.’
‘Statistics show that vegans have a lower BMI (height-to-weight
ratio) than meat eaters’
‘A diet without any meat or dairy products is likely to contain a lot
less saturated fat, which is related to increased cholesterol levels
and increased risk of heart disease.’
‘If you follow a vegan diet it is essential that you get enough of
these nutrients through specific vegan food sources – and may
even need to take additional supplements.’
Validating sources: This article was a lot more opinionated and less
factual however it had a lot more balanced arguments and gave a
lot more of an incite of what issues may be caused from having a
vegan diet.
Tags: Health, Jamie Oliver, balanced diet.

20. ‘Benefits of a vegan lifestyle’
http://www.ilovevegan.com/resources/b
enefits-of-a-vegan-lifestyle/
Summary: This article focus’ on the positives that come from a vegan
diet for example the article states that healthy vegan diets are high in
vitamins B1, C and E, folic acid, magnesium, and iron as well as this
they are usually low in cholesterol and saturated fats. As well as this a
vegan diet can reduce the risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular
disease, heart disease, hypertension, stroke and obesity. In this post
the it is stated that there's an estimated 14% of the earths population
that suffer from malnutrition yet there still continues to be so much
waste from agricultural land. By following a vegan diet it contributes
less to to air pollution and puts less pressure on natural resources as
there is less of a requirement for land, fossil fuels and water.
Quotes:
‘Breeding, raising, and feeding animals for food is a tremendously
inefficient use of our natural resources.’
‘60% of worldwide deforestation has been converted for use as
agricultural land, much of which is used for grazing cattle.’
‘While chickens can live for more than 10 years, egg laying hens are
slaughtered between the age of 2-2.5 years old as this is when egg
production begins to decline.’
‘Females begin their lives as dairy cows at 13 months of age. Males are
slaughtered for veal within anywhere from just a few hours old up to 4
months of age.’
Validating Sources: As this article is more of a blog post it may need
some of the facts checking before I use them as there is no references
so if I use any of these ill have to ensure they are true.
Tags: Vegan lifestyle, statistics, animals, benefits.

21. Primary Research

22. Interviews
• Do you agree with the vegan lifestyle? Why?
‘Yes, because of how poorly animals are treated just to produce meat.’
‘No, I personally don’t understand it. I like meat too much and its part of the food chain.’
‘I am open to other peoples opinions, I don’t really know that much about veganism.’
• Would you ever consider going vegan?
‘Yes, to help cut down on meat production and help save animals lives’
‘No.’
‘Yes for a short period of time if I knew more about it’
• Have you seen any advertisement for veganism?
‘Yes only on social media though.’
‘I have, mainly on Facebook in videos.’
‘Facebook mainly.’
• What do you know about veganism?
‘I only know that 1/3 of land is needed for a vegan diet and is a lot healthier.’
‘They don’t eat animals, or wear anything from animals.’
‘Don’t eat or use any animal produce.’
• When did you first hear about veganism?
‘About 2 years ago.’
‘I watched a documentary a few years ago.’
‘In the last year.’
• Do you know anyone who is vegan?
‘Yes, my best friend is vegan.’
‘I only know of the band Slaves that are vegan.’
‘No.’
• Does veganism interest you?
‘Yes, to support my friend.’
‘No, I don’t know enough about it.’
‘Yes, for animal welfare.’
• What would you like to know about veganism?
‘Where sells vegan foods.’
‘Why they do it, what do they gain from it.’
‘Where has vegan menus.’

23. Summary
• What I found from talking to the people I interviewed was that people are fairly open to a
vegan lifestyle, as one of them was already considering veganism to support their friend, and
another was that they would try it for a short period of time, meaning something like
Veganuary would be very well suited to them as they would be likely to try it. On the other
hand the second person I spoke to was more against the idea of trying veganism, but did
know of vegan musicians who they enjoy. The general responses I got was that people had
found out about veganism and saw the most advertisement for veganism on social media,
more specifically Facebook, which helps me to understand where people see most about
veganism and could be place to mainly target my infographics. Also from these conversations
I found that people have only just started to learn more about veganism in the past couple of
years showing how its becoming increasingly more popular.