This document discusses issues and challenges related to open access. It notes that while open access is increasingly important, sustainable funding models are still needed. The current scholarly publishing model involves public funds being used three times for a single research project. Open access initiatives like MOOCs, open textbooks, and open access journals are increasing but funding remains a key barrier. The document examines different open access business models and concludes that while open access has arrived, innovative models and partnerships will be important to address funding issues and make open access sustainable.

1. Open Access
Issues and challenges!
by
Dr. H Anil Kumar, IIM Ahmedabad
ICDL, November 28, 2013

4. India and education
•
•
•
Education
– Identify what to get educated on
– Identify which institution provides it
– Apply –Exam - Admission – Fees
– Coursework – Exam – Certificate (credible)
Education today
– Too many applicants and too few seats
– India GER is a little over 19%
– Unemployable – skill deficiency
– Employer is educating!
Quality of education
– Lack of access to
• Teachers
• Courses
• Information Resources
• Something wrong in pedagogy
– Low reading – Academically adrift
– 5% learning in the classroom

6. Technology Trends
• Technology and Hole in the wall
• The power of the Internet and GOOGLE
• Open Movement
– OSS
– Open Data
– Open Education – MOOCs
– Open Access

7. Research Trends
• Shift from analysis to data is becoming
stronger
• Non-scholarly publishing is taking over
traditional domains and capturing the mind
share
• OA – journals and books are increasing
• Self publishing
• Open Peer review

8. http://www.openscholar.org.uk/open-peer-review/

10. http://www.peerageofscience.org/

11. “Decoupling the journal”
Citation: Priem J and Hemminger BM (2012) Decoupling the scholarly journal. Front.
Comput. Neurosci. 6:19. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2012.00019
•
•
•
•
Concept of a journal is being challenged!
COUNTER to PIRUS
Citation to usage – IMPACT!
Web communication is leading to different
ways of impact evaluation - Altmetrics

17. •
The proportion of the UK’s total annual research
output that was available through open access in
2012 was about 40%, compared to a worldwide
average of 20%.
•
The latest data from the UK Open Access
Implementation Group shows that 35% of the UK’s
total research outputs are freely provided through
Green, through an existing network of more than
200 active institutional and disciplinary repositories
• Inevitable
• All agree that it is needed but….funding!
• Unsustainable subs

18. Serials expenditures have been rising at approximately
triple the rate of the consumer price index over this time

19. Current business model in the
scholarly publishing
•
Currently, public funds are used three times in the research process
– to pay the academics who conduct the research
– to pay the salaries of the academics who conduct the peer review process
– to pay for access to this research through institutional journal subscriptions
•
UK HE libraries
–
–
•
Are we being charged more or less than another – No idea
–
•
More than £150m subscriptions annually
Yet cannot afford to access all the research that is needed
The power to negotiate is driven down
There is mounting concern that the financial benefits from the Government’s
substantial investment in research are being diverted to an excessive degree into
the pockets of publishers’ shareholders.

23. A few examples …

28. http://www.open.edu/openlearn/

30. www.coursera.org

31. http://www.collegeopentextbooks.org/

34. http://www.flatworldknowledge.com

37. www.intechopen.com

38. http://www.hindawi.com/

39. Hindawi
•
•
•
•
•
50K papers per month
40% acceptance
33 institution members
Authors / institutions pay
Revenues $ 0.5 b (2002) to $5.4b (2010) to
$12 b (2011)

42. OA Book Business Models
•
Advertising
–
•
Collaborative underwriting
–
–
•
Fund with profits from non-OA publications
Crowdfunding
–
–
–
•
share production costs for a forthcoming OA book or OA book collection
Print books would be available for purchase separately
Cross subsidies
–
•
selling advertising space on the delivered OA content
a publisher to pitch potential projects online
the broader community—the “crowd” —who may fund work with financial
donations
With enough financial backing from the crowd, the project goes into
production
Dual-edition publishing
–
offer full-text OA editions alongside priced, print-on-demand (POD)
editions
http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/OA_book_business_models

43. OA Book Business Models
•
Endowments
–
•
Institutional subsidies
–
–
–
•
institution to subsidize OA publications, in whole or part, directly or
indirectly
It may provide cash, facilities, equipment, or personnel
Most of these publishers will also raise revenue by selling POD editions
Temporary OA
–
•
OA publisher builds an endowment and use the annual interest to cover its
expenses
to offer access to a title or collection freely for a restricted period
Value-added services
–
–
–
–
–
to offer extra services on top of OA content like royalties on print copy
sales,
full browsing functions and full-text search of a publication
navigation tools; enhanced, multimedia publications
connections to blogs, podcast and online resources and social media sites
consultancy services; web marketing, e-management.

50. Conclusion
•
•
•
•
•
OA as a model has arrived!
Funding issue is the make or break factor!
Government funding may be important
INNOVATION in business models is important
Only a partnership approach that will work

51. THANKS
anilkumar@iimahd.ernet.in