Smartphones use a mono-modal user interaction of eyes and hands that causes people to look at their phones even while walking. This is because the eyes are too busy processing the many information on small screens which uses most of the eye's channel bandwidth. To change this, designers need to create a safe mix of input/output modalities in human-machine interaction beyond just eyes and hands.

1. Cognitive Problem of Smart
Phone

2. Question
People want to
look into Smart
Phone even while
walking. Why?

3. Cause: Mono-modal User Interaction
Human
Hand
Information
Device
Eye

4. Cause: Eye is too busy
Human
Hand: Touch is
easy
Limitless &
endless
information
in Smart
PhoneEye: Many
Information on
Small Screen

5. Smart Phone uses
most of eye
channel bandwidth

6. How we can change?
Design the safe mix
of IO modalities in
Human Machine
Interaction.