Presented by Budi Leksono, Senior Scientist, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia, on the ITPC side event “Can bioenergy from degraded peatlands provide a potential alternative to meet growing energy demands? Lesson learned from Indonesia” at the XV World Forestry Congress, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 4 May 2022.

1. Prospect of Bioenergy Plantation
on Degraded Peatland
to Support Restoration Effort
Budi Leksono
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

2. o Global Energy Crisis → Increasing
biofuel prices, has driven the world to
emphasize the importance of
renewable-energy (biofuel)
Introduction

3. o National Energy Policy
PP No. 5/2006 → NRE 5% in 2025
PP No. 79/2014 → NRE 23% in 2025
NRE 31% in 2050
Energy Policy B30:
1st January 2020
23 %
th 2025
31 %
th 2050
o Global Energy Crisis → Increasing
biofuel prices, has driven the world to
emphasize the importance of
renewable-energy (biofuel)
Introduction

4. Introduction
o National Energy Policy
PP No. 5/2006 → NRE 5% in 2025
PP No. 79/2014 → NRE 23% in 2025
NRE 31% in 2050
o Global Energy Crisis → Increasing
biofuel prices, has driven the world to
emphasize the importance of
renewable-energy (biofuel)
o Inpres No. 1/2006 → Provision and
utilization of biofuels – Forestry sector
issues permits to use unproductive
forest land
Degraded peatland
Ex-burned land
Ex-Mining land

5. (Ministry of Environment and Forestry, 2019)
Deforestation in Indonesia
Degraded peatland
Ex-burned land
Ex-Mining land

6. Degraded land in Indonesia
Total Area : 14,006,450 ha
➢ Mineral Soil : 12 M ha
➢ Peatland : 2 M ha
(SK MoEF No. 306/ 2018)

7. Bioenergy species trial on
degraded peatland in Central Kalimantan
0,0
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1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 19 20 21 27 30 33 39 42 45 53 58 61 67 68 73
tree
diamater_cm
tree
height_cm
Age of tree_month
tree diameter Tree height
Survival rate
Growth rate

8. Nyamplung tolerant to harsh
environmental condition
Degraded peatland
Limestone land
Ex-mining lands
Periodic-flooded land
Saline land
Coal mine
Tin mine
Ex-burned land

9. Nyamplung
(Calophyllum inophyllum)
o Naturally distributed in Indonesia (0-300 m asl.)
o Has the ability to grow on degraded and
marginal land, no competition with food crops
o Has multiple uses such as energy,
pharmaceutical and landscape restoration
o Has high fruit production (20 ton/ha/year) and oil
content (up to 60% of dry seed weight)
o Fruits all year round, high plant survival ability in
nature and long productive age up to 50 years
o Non- edible oils and potential as raw materials
for biodiesel
o All waste can be utilized (zero waste) and has
economic value

10. Nyamplung oil content
Seed source
(Natural stand)
Dry Seed
(Kg)
Crude Oil
(%)
Refined
Crude Oil
(%)
Biodiesel
(%)
Java 7.3 50.00 46.85 28.95
Madura 6.0 53.17 44.67 21.00
Selayar 6.0 50.17 40.67 30.00
Sumatra 6.0 50.17 36.00 17.00
Kalimantan 6.0 52.50 44.50 18.70
Sembawa 6.0 58.33 53.00 33.83
Papua 6.0 51.67 22.83 16.00
Seed source
(Plantation)
Oil content/ Crude Oil (%)
SPE (1) SPE (2)
Soxhlet
extractor
Un-improved (bulk seeds) 50.00 – 50.12 - -
Improved (bulk seeds) 53.56 – 69.10 60,00 – 66.26 63.36 – 85.56
Improved (individual seed) - - 60.08 – 87.51
SPE (1) = Screw Press Expeller (Workshop)
SPE (2) = Screw Press Expeller (Factory)
Soxhlet Extractor = Solvent extraction

11. Utilization of waste from
the nyamplung oil industry
Charcoal Briquettes
Liquid Smoke
Feed Compost
Cosmetics & Herbal Medicine
Soap

12. 1 Year
4 Years
Nyamplung plantation trial on
degraded peatland in Central Kalimantan
3 Years
Kalampangan –
Ombrogenous peat

13. 4 Years
3 Years
2 Years
82% 81%
Buntoi –
Topogenous peat

14. 1 Year
2 Years
3 Years
Kalampangan –
Agroforestry
4 Years

15. Fruitful
response
Mineral land (Central Java)
1.5 Years
2.5 Years
Degraded peatland (Central Kalimantan)
Ex-burned land (East Kalimantan)
4 Years

16. Concluding remark
o Degraded land in Indonesia in 2018 covering an area of 14 million hectares that must
be rehabilitated until 2030. This effort is to support Indonesia's Nationally Determined
Contribution (NDC) target which outlines Indonesia's transition to a low-emissions and
climate-resilient future. Adaptive and economically valuable species are needed by
utilizing forest products without having to cut down, including on degraded peatlands.
o Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) is a non-native peatland species and is highly
adaptable to various types of degraded land. This study indicates the species is
adaptable to degraded peatlands in Kalampangan and Buntoi Villages in Central
Kalimantan, where it demonstrated survival rates of 82% and 81%, respectively.
o The growth performance of 4-year-old Nyamplung trees on topogenous peat and
ombrogenous peat in Central Kalimantan indicate that Nyamplung is promising for
restoring peatland and renewable biofuel. However, further research is needed to
examine the potential ecosystem services associated with growing Nyamplung on
degraded peatlands and adoption for upscaling this model

17. Acknowledgement
This research was conducted as a collaboration
between the Center for Forest Biotechnology
and Tree Improvement Research and
Development (BIOTIFOR) Yogyakarta - Ministry
of Environment and Forestry (MoEF), National
Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN),
Muhammadiyah University of Palangkaraya
(UMP) and the Center for International Forestry
Research (CIFOR), with support from the
Republic of Korea National Institute of Forest
Science (NIFOS). We would like to express our
sincere thanks for all those institution

18. Thank you