This document discusses the role of public health in complex humanitarian emergencies. It begins with definitions of public health and emergencies. It then outlines the mission of public health and describes the functions of public health during emergency response and ongoing emergency response. These include assessing health needs, disease surveillance, health services provision, and ensuring safety. The conclusion emphasizes that public health requires collaboration across sectors to evaluate community needs and support population recovery during and after emergencies.
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Public Health in Complex Emergencies
1. Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
PUBLIC HEALTH IN COMPLEX
HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES
By: Adam F. Izzeldin; BPEH, MPH, PhD candidate.
Department of International Health, TMDU
2/6/2014
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2. Contents
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Definitions of public health and emergency
Mission of public health
Types of emergency
Functions of public health in emergency
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3. History of public health
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
• The Black death in the 14th
century
• Edward Jenner 1802
• John Snow 1854
• Alexander Fleming (1881 –1955)
• Robert Koch (1843 – 1910)
• Paul-Louis Simond 1898
• Sir Ronald Ross, (1857 – 1932)
• Etc.
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4. What is Public health?
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
“The science and practice of
protecting and improving
the health of a
community, as by preventive
medicine, health
education, control of
communicable
diseases, application of
sanitary measures, and
monitoring of environmental
hazards.” Medical dictionary
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5. What is Public health?
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
“the science and art of disease prevention,
prolonging life, and promoting health and
well-being through organized community
effort for the sanitation of the environment,
the control of communicable infections, the
organization of medical and nursing
services for the early diagnosis and
prevention of disease, the education of the
individual in personal health and the
development of the social machinery to
assure everyone a standard of living
adequate for the maintenance or
improvement of health.” (Winslow,1920)
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6. What is your own concept for
public health?
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
• From social perspective?
• From economic perspective?
• From political perspective?
• From cultural perspective?
• Others ?
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• http://www.youtube.com/user/ThisI
sPublicHealth
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7. Public health mission
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
• The assessment and monitoring of the
health of communities and populations at
risk to identify health problems and
priorities;
• The formulation of public policies
designed to solve identified local and
national health problems and priorities;
• To assure that all populations have
access to appropriate and cost-effective
care, including health promotion and
disease prevention services, and
evaluation of the effectiveness of that
care.
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8. Public health system process
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
• Public health is always
evaluating the health
of the community.
• A continuous cycle of
gathering
information, deciding
on effective
solutions, acting, evalu
ating interventions
• Setting partnerships
and intersectoral
coordination
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9. The Ten Essential Public Health
Functions
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
6. Enforce laws and regulations
that protect health and ensure
safety
7. Link people to needed personal
health services and assure the
provision of health care when
unavailable
8. Assure a competent public
health and personal health care
workforce
9. Evaluate effectiveness,
accessibility, and quality of
personal and population-based
health services
10. Research for new insights and
Public Health Functions Steering Committee, innovative solutions to health
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problems
1994
1. Monitor health status to
identify community health
problems
2. Diagnose and investigate
health problems and health
hazards in the community
3. Inform, educate, and
empower people about health
issues
4. Mobilize community
partnerships to identify and
solve health problems
5. Develop policies and plans
that support individual and
community health efforts
10. Ten great public health achievements
2001-2010
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
1. Reductions in Child
Mortality
2. Vaccine-Preventable
Diseases
3. Access to Safe Water
and Sanitation
4. Malaria Prevention and
Control
5. Prevention and Control
of HIV/AIDS
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6. Tuberculosis Control
7. Control of Neglected
Tropical Diseases
8. Tobacco Control
9. Increased Awareness
and Response for
Improving Global Road
Safety
10. Improved Preparedness
and Response to Global
Health Threats
CDC, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 24, 2011.
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11. Who are involved in public health ?
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
• Many professional disciplines
such as
medicine, dentistry, nursing, opt
ometry, nutrition, social
work, environmental
sciences, health
education, health services
administration, and the
behavioral sciences.
•
Its activities focus on entire
populations rather than on
individual patients.
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12. Public health network
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Home Health
Police/ security
Information
communication
Community
Centers
agriculture
Health
Department
Religious
leaders
politicians
Social welfare
Elected
Hospitals
Schools/
Officials Nursing Mass Transit
industries
universities
Homes
Philanthropist
Environmental
Civic Groups
Health
CHCs
Fire/emerg.
Tribal leaders
Economic
Laboratory
Drug
Mental
Employers Development
Facilities
Treatment
Health
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13. Public health and clinical professions
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
• Doctors usually treat individual
patients one-on-one for a specific
disease or injury.
• Public health professionals monitor
and diagnose the health concerns of
entire communities and promote
healthy practices and behaviors to
assure our populations stay healthy.
•
It has been said that: "Health care is
vital to all of us some of the time, but
public health is vital to all of us all of
the time."
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14. What is emergency?
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
• The word disaster implies a
sudden overwhelming and
unforeseen event.
• At the household level, a disaster
could result in a major illness,
death, a substantial economic or
social misfortune.
•
At the community level, it could be
a flood, a fire, a collapse of
buildings in an earthquake, the
destruction of livelihoods, an
epidemic or displacement through
conflict.
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15. Public health challenges in emergency
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
• In in emergency settings the
mission of public health will be
intensified and more
complicated where :
• Resources and infrastructure
are destroyed
• Supply and communication
chains are disrupted
• Populations are massively
affected
• Health personnel are often
displaced, assaulted, infected
or injured.
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16. Natural Types of Disasters
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
• Agricultural
diseases & pests
• Damaging Winds
• Drought and water
shortage
• Earthquakes
• Diseases (pandemic
influenza)
• Extreme heat
• Floods and flash
floods
• Hail
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• Hurricanes and
tropical storms
• Landslides &
debris flow
• Thunderstorms
and lighting
• Tornadoes
• Tsunamis
• Wildfire
• Ice storms
• Sinkholes
• volcano
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17. Man-Made and Disasters
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
• Hazardous materials
• Chemical threat
• Power service
disruption &
blackout
• biological
weapons
• Nuclear power plant
and nuclear blast
• Radiological
emergencies
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• Cyber attacks
• Explosion
• Civil unrest
• war
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18. Cycle of emergency management
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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19. Public health in emergencies
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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20. Functions of Public health in
Emergency Response
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
1. Assess the situation
2. Contact key health
personnel
3. Develop initial health
response plan
4. Communication with
health agencies
5. Address requests for
assistance and
information
6. Risk communication
activities
7. Apprised of legal issues
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8. Collect and analyze data
through surveillance
9. Address the needs of
special populations
10. Organize health-related
volunteers and donations
11. Collaborate with state
and federal on-site
assistance
12. Assess health resource
needs.
13. Document all response
activities
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21. Ongoing Public Health
Emergency Response
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
1. Environmental hazard
identification
2. Hazards consultation
3. Epidemiological
services
4. Health and medical
needs assessment
5. Identification of
affected individuals
6. Contamination control
7. Health surveillance
8. Laboratory specimen
collection and analysis
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9. Infectious disease control
8. Quarantine/isolation
9. Public health information
10. Risk communication
11. Responder safety and
health
12. Medical equipment safety
and availability
13. Health-related volunteer
and donation
coordination
14. In-hospital care
15. Evacuation
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22. Continued-Ongoing Public Health
Emergency Response
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
1. Sheltering
2. Special populations
needs and assistance
3. Mass trauma
4. Mass fatalities
5. Mortuary services
6. Mental/behavioral health
care and social services
7. Potable water
8. Food safety
9. Vector control and pest
management
2/6/2014
10.Wastewater and solidwaste disposal
11. Building/facility
assessment
12. Sanitation/hygiene
services
13. Continuity of public
health programs/ services
14. Veterinary services
15.Animal rescue/control
16. Long-term community
recovery
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23. Conclusion
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
1. Public health is a large field of multi-disciplines
that requires collaborations with other sectors
and intersectoral coordination across health
and medical agencies.
2. Humanitarian emergencies urge the needs for
public health interventions in mitigation,
preparedness, response, and recovery phases
of emergency.
3. Public health emergencies is always evaluating
the needs of vulnerable communities, deciding
on effective health response, providing
recovery for populations and health system
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24. Some references in Public health
emergencies
Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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25. Izzeldin F. Adam; Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Wish you long
life free of
emergencies
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Editor's Notes
Most disasters result in the inability of those affected to cope with outside assistance
Most disasters result in the inability of those affected to cope with outside assistance
Most disasters result in the inability of those affected to cope with outside assistance
Most disasters result in the inability of those affected to cope with outside assistance
The mission of public health is to "fulfill society's interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy." The three core public health functions are:
Most disasters result in the inability of those affected to cope with outside assistance
There are many distinctions that can be made between public health and the clinical health professions
Most disasters result in the inability of those affected to cope with outside assistance