CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION & EARTHWORKS

1. CENG110A QUANTITY SURVEYING
CONSTRUCTION
SPECIFICATION &
EARTHWORKS
Group 1 -
ContingenCE

2. CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
• definition
• main types
• writing construction specs
• benefits
EARTHWORKS
• definition
• earthwork operations
• stages of earthworks
• equipments used
• estimation
DISCUSSION OUTLINE

3. CONSTRUCTION
SPECIFICATION
also called specs, are the details for the work
that needs to be completed in a construction
project

4. CONSTRUCTION
SPECIFICATION
documents prepared ahead of
construction to describe how
building should be carried out
by contractors

5. CONSTRUCTION
SPECIFICATION
one of the most important elements in a
construction document set

6. MAIN TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
SPECIFICATIONS
PERFORMANCE
describe the final results expected
from a construction project
PROPRIETARY
written with one particular
product in mind
PRESCRIPTIVE
tescribe required materials for
installation methods and activities
DETAILED
covers virtually every aspect of
construction in precise terms
GENERAL
contains product information but
not specific

7. BENEFITS
ENGINEERS
TEAM
PROJECT

8. serve as
documentation or
blueprint for the
project
ENGINEERS

9. BENEFITS
TO
THE
TEAM
• efficient way to communicate project
design ideas
• promote quality
• limits complications that may arise from
overlapping work

10. BENEFITS
TO
A
PROJECT
• it sets priorities
• they help control cost
• it helps resolve
problems that
cropped up within the
project

11. interesting process that involves creativity and careful thought
HOW TO WRITE COSTRUCTION
OPERATIONS

12. 1. Develop your
Specifications
STEPS
3. Create your Draft
2. Prepare a
Writing Schedule
4. Ask for Feedback

13. • it is essential to be very thorough when
creating construction specifications for a
contractor or owner
• ensure any potential issues that can be
resolved in the planning stage instead of
during the actual work
• writing construction specifications can be
an impactful way to guarantee that your
project will be successful

14. EARTHWORKS

15. EARTHWORKS
significant economic activity in
the field of infrastructure and
development

16. Earthworks may be carried out underwater
set of operations which includes extraction,
loading, transport, transformation and
improvement, and the Implementation,
stabilization and compaction of natural
materials or recycled materials in order to
obtain stable and durable cuts and fills

17. interesting process that involves creativity and careful thought
EARTHWORK OPERATIONS

18. Clearing & Grubbing
BASIC
EARTHWORK
OPERATIONS
Levelling
Excavation Soil Filling
Embankments Site Lay-outing
Finishing Operations Soil Poisoning Treatment

19. CLEARING & GRUBBING
Clearing
Removal of material
above ground
first operation in
earthwork prior to
excavation
Grubbing
Removal of roots and
similar objects to a nominal
depth below the surface

20. EXCAVATION
• Roadway & drainage excavations
• Borrow excavation
• Cut and Fill

21. used in highways
when it is required
that the grade line of
the roadway be raised
some distance above
the level of the
existing ground
surface
EMBANKMENTS

22. • final series of operations that are
required to complete the earthwork
operations involved in a typical
highway project

23. LEVELLING
it is a process of determining the height of one
level relative to another

24. SOIL
FILLING
to fill composite material used in
construction, comprising a mixture of soil,
gravel, broken rock, etc

25. SITE LAY-OUTING
Process of interpreting
construction plans and
marking the location of
proposed new structures such
as roads, buildings, slab edges,
elevator openings or structural
columns

26. SOIL POISONING
TREATMENT
• first step you need to do before breaking ground
and starting construction
• it is under a structural program of pest
management used by most pest control
companies to prevent termite infestation

27. DIFFERENT STAGES OF EARTHWORKS

28. 1. Soil Study
DIFFERENT
STAGES
OF
EARTHWORKS
5. Disbursement
2. Preparing the Ground 6. Excavations and Trenches
3. Extraction 7. Servicing
4. Water Drainage Systems 8. Backfill

29. DIFFERENT STAGES OF EARTHWORKS
1. SOIL STUDY
depending on the nature of
the work to be considered
3. EXTRACTION
soil is removed
2. PREPARING THE GROUND
measuring precisely and establishing
a boundary or staking according to
the initial plan
4. WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
essential step, design of the water
drainage system

30. STAGES
OF
EARTHWORKS
5. DISBURSEMENT
removing the topsoil until
the solid layers appears
7. SERVICING
bringing water, electricity,
gas, telephone cables and
ensuring the installation of
sewer pipes
6 EXCAVATIONS AND TRENCHES
forming the trenches where the
foundations of the future construction will
rest
8. BACKFILL
filling of holes that are designed to burry
gutters, pipes, drains and systems
necessary for servicing

31. EQUIPMENTS
USED IN
EARTHWORK
OPERATIONS
1. Bulldozers
2. Motor grader
3. Crane
4. Trucks and Wagons
5. Rollers
6. Loaders
7. Scrapers

32. BULLDOZERS
loosening rocky earth, short
distance earthmovings

33. shaping pavement
layers & slopes
MOTOR GRADER

34. CRANE
used for excavation, placing &
handling, lifting

35. TRUCKS & WAGONS
used for hauling operations

36. ROLLERS
used for compaction

37. LOADERS
used for excavation, filling,
cleaning

38. used for digging,
loading, transporting,
dumping, & spreading
SCRAPERS

39. ESTIMATION OF EARTHWORKS

41. NOTES !!!
- Do not use formworks for footing
- Center to Center measurements
(specifically on the length of wall
footing)
- 20-40 mm Gravel Size
- 50-100 mm thick Gravel Bedding

44. Do not use formworks
for footing. Do not add
0.25.

51. Use center to center
dimension to find the
length of wall footing.

56. Use 20-40 mm Gravel
Size!!!
50mm-100 mm thick
gravel bedding

61. 18.02
Use 18.02, the total
Volume of Gravel

66. For Clearing and Grubbing
P15-P20/ sq.m

67. Group 1 - ContingenCE
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!