LESSON 1, 2 & 3-ETECH 1S

E-TECH 1S
Empowerment Technologies

UNIT 1
 LESSON 1 Information and Communication
Technology
 LESSON 2 Online Safety, Security , Ethics, and
Etiquette
 LESSON 3 Contextualized Online Research and
Research Skills

OBJECTIVES:
 use ICT terms properly in the next lessons,
 discuss how to be a responsible cyber citizen,
 acknowledge the quantity and quality of your digital life,
 use search engines effectively to improve your research
skills,
 check accuracy and reliability of information from the
Internet via various digital tools,
 use productivity tools for different purposes, and
 apply graphic design techniques to create original or
derivative ICT content.
At the end of this unit, you must be able to

Information and
Communications
Technology(ICT)
LESSON 1

What is Information and
Communications Technology(ICT)?
 ICT is the term that is currently favored by
most business and educational
institutions. The “C” reflects the important
role that computers now play in
communications, e.g., by email, the
Web, by satellite and cellphone(mobile
phone).

 The “S” at the end of communications,
which is a term that predates computer
technology and was originally associated
with Morse code, radio, and often
abbreviated to “comms.”
 ICT deals with the use of different
communication technologies such as
mobile phones, telephone, Internet, etc. to
locate, save, send, and edit information.

 Philippines as the “ICT hub of Asia”. huge
growth of ICT related jobs around the
country, one of which is Call Center or BPO
(Business Process Outsourcing) centers.
 According to 2013 edition of Measuring the
Information Society by the International
Telecommunication Union, there are 106.8
cellphones per 100 Filipinos in the year
2012.
ICT in the Philippines

 In a data gathered by the annual survey of
Philippines business and industries in
2010, the ICT industry shares 19.3% of
the total employment population.
 Time magazines declared Makati City,
Philippines-Rank 1 as the “Selfiest” Cities
around the world, and Rank 9 is Cebu
City.

WWW(World Wide Web)
When WWW was invented, most web
pages were static. Static (also known as
flat page or stationary page) in the
same that the page “as is” and cannot
be manipulated by the user. This
referred to as Web 1.0.

Web 2.0
Web 2.0 allows the user to interact with
the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE;
instead of just reading a page, the user
may be able to comment or create a user
account. Dynamic page refers to the web
pages that are affected by user input or
preference.

Web 2.0
 Social networking sites
 Blogs
 Wikis
 Video sharing sites
Example

Key Features of Web 2.0
 Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and
classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g. tagging). Popular social
networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram,
Facebook, etc. use tags that start with a pound
sign (#) or hashtag.
 Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is
responsive to user’s input. An example would be
a website that shows local content. In the case
of social networking sites, when logged on, your
account is used to modify what you see in their
website.

Key Features of Web 2.0
 User Participation – the owner of website is
not the only one who is able to put content.
Others are able to place a content on their
own by means of comments, reviews, and
evaluation.
 Long Tail – services are offered on demand
rather than on a one-time purchase. This is
synonymous to subscribing to a data plan
that charges you for the amount of time you
spent on Internet or a data plan that charges
you for the amount of bandwidth you used.

Web 3.0 and the Semantic Web
 Semantic Web – is a movement led by
the World Wide Web Consortium(W3C).
The semantic web provides a framework
that allows data to be shared and reuse to
deliver web content specifically targeting
the user.

Web 3.0 is yet to be fully realized
because of several problems:
 Compatibility - HTML files and current
web browsers could not support Web 3.0.
 Security - The user’s security is also
question since the machine is saving
his or her preferences.
 Vastness - The World Wide Web already
contains billions of web pages.

 Vagueness – Certain words are imprecise.
The words “old” and “small” would depend to
the user.
 Logic - since machines use logic, there are
certain limitations for a computer to be able to
predict what the user is referring to at a given
time.

Six types of Social Media
1. Social Networks – These are sites
that allows you to connect with other
people with the same interests or
background. Once the user creates
his/her account, he/she can set up a
profile, add people, share content, etc.
Example : Facebook and Google+

2. Bookmarking Sites– These are sites
that allow you to store and manage links
to various website and resources. Most of
these sites allow you to create a tag and
easily share them.
Ex. : StumbleUpon/Pinterest

3. Social News – These are sites that
allow users to post their own news items
or links to other news sources. The users
can also comment on the post and
comments may also be rank.
Example: reddit and Digg

4. Media Sharing – These are sites that
allow you to upload and share media
content like images, music and video.
Example: Flickr, Youtube and
Instagram.

5. Microblogging – These are sites that
focus on short updates from the user.
Those that subscribed to the user will be
able to receive these updates.
Example: Twitter and Plurk

6. Blogs and Forums – These websites
allow user to post their content. Other
users are able to comment on the said
topic.
Example: Blogger, WordPress and
Tumblr

Trends in ICT
1.Convergence – is the synergy of
technological advancements to work on a
similar goal or task. For example, besides
using your personal computer to create word
documents, you can now use your smartphone.
2. Social Media – is a website, application, or
online channel that enables web users to
create, co-create, discuss, modify, and
exchange user generated content.

3. Mobile Technologies – The popularities of
smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise
over the years. This is largely because of the
devices capability to do the tasks that were
originally found in PCs.
Several of these devices are capable of using
high-speed internet. Today the latest model
devices use 4G Networking(LTE), which is
currently the fastest mobile network.

Mobile OS
iOS – use in apple devices such as iPhone and
iPad.
Android – an open source OS developed by
Google. Being open source means mobile phone
companies use this OS for free.
Blackberry OS – use in Blackberry devices.
Windows Phone OS – a closed source and
proprietary operating system developed by
Microsoft.

Symbian – the original smartphone OS;
used by Nokia devices.
WebOS – originally used in smartphones;
now used in smartTVs.
Windows Mobile - developed by Microsoft
for smartphones and pocket PCs.

4. Assistive Media – is a non-profit
service designed to help people who
have visual and reading impairments. A
database of audio recordings is used to
read to the user.

Key Terms:
Web 1.0 – static websites without interactivity.
Web 2.0 – websites that contain dynamic
content.
Web 3.0 – a concept of the World Wide Web
that is designed to cater to the individual user.
Static – refers to the web that are the same
regardless of the user.
Dynamic – refers to the web pages that are
affected by user input or preference.

Folksonomy – allows user to categorize and
classify/arrange information.
Hashtag # – used to “categorize” posts in a
website.
Convergence – the synergy of technological
advancements to work a similar goal or task.
Social Media – websites, applications or online
channels that enable users to co-create,
discuss, modify, and exchange user-generated
content.

Online Safety, Security,
Ethics, and Etiquette
LESSON 2

ELECTRONIC LIBEL AND CYBERCRIME PREVENTION
ACT OF 2012
Libel is defined under the Revised Penal Code Section
355.
 1930 – Art. 355. Libel means by writing or similar
means. – A libel committed by means of writing,
printing, lithography, engraving, radio, phonograph,
painting, theatrical exhibition, cinematographic
exhibition, or any similar means, shall be punished by
prison correctional in its minimum and medium
periods or a fine ranging from 200 to 6,000 pesos, or
both, in addition to the civil action which may be
brought by the offended party

ELECTRONIC LIBEL AND CYBERCRIME
PREVENTION ACT OF 2012
Decriminalizing libel requires amending the Revised
Penal Code
2000 – E-Commerce Law (Republic Act 8792)
empowered all existing laws to recognize electronic
documents as evidence (commercial/non-commercial)

ELECTRONIC LIBEL AND CYBERCRIME
PREVENTION ACT OF 2012
Libel is a crime in Cybercrime Law Section 4c(4)
 2012 – LIBEL the unlawful or prohibited acts of libel
as defined in Article 355 of the Revised Penal Code,
as amended committed through a computer system
or any other similar means which may be devised in
the future.
 “if a case is filed by a complainant, only 1 case to be
prosecuted under Cybercrime Law.

ELECTRONIC LIBEL AND CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT OF
2012
.
Pressing the “like” button and posting comments doesn’t
mean you are automatically committing libel. They are
considered as “protected expression”.
IF PROVEN GUILTY,
IMPRSONMENT CAN
BE UP TO
YEARS OR PAYMENT
OF FINES (AMOUNT TO
BE SET IN COURT) OR
BOTH
T-T
Online Safety, Security, Ethics, and
Etiquette

What is a cyber citizen?
Cyber Citizen utilizes technology in an
appropriate manner including etiquette,
communication, education, access,
commerce, responsibility, rights, safety,
and security.

Here are other ways to be cyber aware.
Cell phones
 “Sexting” is a term used to describe inappropriate
photos or text sent via cell phones
 Cell phone history options allow you to view past
callers and messages. Although the history can
be deleted, contact your cell phone provider for
any other options available.
 Geotagging allows users to note where they are
located in a smart phone photo.

Cell Phones
Additional resources:
- Raising digital citizens
- Privacy
- Understanding mobile apps
- When should you give your kid a cell
phone
- Cell phone resources for schools

Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying involves the use of
technologies to display behavior that
harms another. Through email, instant
messaging, text messaging, and social
networking sites, hurtful messages can be
posted and shared.

 Do not respond or retaliate to inappropriate
communication.
 Save the messages and note the date and time
 Utilize the blocking features in social networking
sites, email, or instant messaging. This will keep
unwanted correspondence from occurring
again. You can also block numbers on your cell
phone or change your personal phone number.
Only give out your phone number to those you
trust.

 Notify the provider of inappropriate
behavior by activating the “abuse” tool
available on many sites .
 Contact a trusted adult, teacher, school
counselor, or parent.

Cyberbullying
Additional Resources:
- Signs Your child might be cyberbullied
- Cyberbullying unplugged
- Reducing bullying and cyberbullying

Ethics
Plagiarism is the use of another’s work
as your own. In the internet, all materials
are copyrighted unless stated otherwise.
Such materials, includes, but are not
limited to, images, music, text, and
videos.

The following tips will help
encourage ethical cyber citizenship
 Note all sources used in a project. Any
material copied from an outside
source, including the internet, must be
cited.
 Use quotation marks around
sentences or phrases directly copied
from an outside source and cite this
information.

 Keep a running source list as you find
images and text for a school project.
Visit the school library media specialist
for more information.

Gaming
Online gaming provides the opportunity to
play games from a computer or another
device, like a Wii or PlayStation. Some
consoles have a social element, as user
can play with anyone from around the
world. Chatting, IM, and other social tools
exist within these games.

 Check to see if the game has moderators.
 Do not accept downloads from strangers
including cheat programs. These
programs often have virus or malware
that can harm your computer.
 Be a good sport and what you say online
should appropriate.

Instant Messaging and Email
Instant messaging (IM) allows users to
correspond online with others in real
time. IM can occur through a mobile
device or computer with internet access.
Similar to text messaging, IM lets users
correspond in brief text. Popular IM
platforms include iMessage and Meebo.

Email also allows users to interact online.
Follow the common email usage tips below.
 Privacy – do not share your password with
others.
 Unknown – do not open emails or
attachments from an unknown source. Block
messages from unknown sources
 Unsubscribe – scroll to the bottom of the
email and choose unsubscribe to be
removed from list of unwanted emails.

Social Networking
Social networking sites provide a social
atmosphere by allowing users to share personal
information. Popular site includes include
Facebook, Google+, and Twitter with similar
elements such as status updates, photo
friend list or followers, chat, gaming, and
messaging or email. Most SNS like Facebook
intended for those aged 13 and older.

Contextualized
Online Search and
Research Skills
LESSON 3

The Contenders
 You’re probably familiar with the two search
engines already, but just for a refresher, here’s
what we’re talking about:
 Google: By far the most used search engine in
the world, Google Search has been around
since 1997 and is constantly improving with new
smart results, advanced features, and
integration with other Google products. As of
February of this year, Google currently has
64.5% of the US’s search market share.

The Contenders
 Bing: Bing is the latest name for Microsoft’s
search engine, previously called Windows
Live Search and MSN Search.
 Bing brands itself as a “decision engine”,
aiming to present results with more real-world
context than just finding text on a page. Bing
also powers Yahoo’s search, which, coupled
with Bing, serves 32.6% of US internet
searchers.

Basic Layout and Features
Lifehacker has some great articles where they
try to convince as much as anyone else why
Bing is a serious contender to google. Plus
points include:
 Bing’s Video search is significantly better
than Google’s, giving you a grid of large
thumbnails that you can click on to play or
preview if you hover them.
 Bing often gives twice as many autocomplete
suggestions than google does.

 Bing can predict when airfares are about to
go up or down if you’re searching for flights
 Bing also has a feature where if you type
linkfromdomain:[sitename], it will highlight
the best ranked outgoing links from the site,
helping you out which other sites your
chosen site links to the most.
 Also note that Bing powers Yahoo’s search
engine

 Google’s shopping suggestions show up
more often than Bing’s do, and they’re
generally much better. So if you’re trying to
find out which stores carry a certain product,
or where to find the best price online, Google
will be better than Bing.

Google
Hidden behind Google's search
box are a slew of shortcuts leading
to so-called "OneBox" results that
provide awesome tools and
display helpful information quickly
and directly.

Get instant Artist Discographies and
Filmographics

Find Release Dates for Movies,
Games, and More

Instantly Find Simple Factual
Information

Find the Score of Any Current Sports
Game

Get a Five Day Forecast of the
Weather in Any City

Find the Current Time in Any
City

Find Upcoming Dates for
Holidays and Events

Find Word Definitions and
Synonyms

Search Basic Health Conditions

Find Information on
Medications

Hunt Down Information on Local
Restaurants and Businesses

Get Instant Drive Times (and
Directions) Between Addresses

Track the Status of Any Flight

Unique Search Operators Like
LinkFromDomain

Fact-checking sites
FactCheck.org
A project of the Annenberg Public Policy Center
of the University of Pennsylvania, the site is a
“nonpartisan, nonprofit ‘consumer advocate’ for
voters that aims to reduce the level of deception
and confusion in U.S. politics”. While its focus is
on politics, that topic is taken broadly and
encompasses a lot of web content.

Fact-checking sites
Checkdesk
A verification tool designed to help curate user-
generated content during breaking news and
connect journalists to citizen sources on the
ground. “Checkdesk facilitates collaborative fact-
checking of unverified reports,” the developers
write. “Professional journalists can join forces with
citizen journalists in search of background
information and evidence to corroborate social
media reports.”

Fact-checking sites
Full Fact Finder
This U.K based site covers information on the
economy, health, crime and the law,
immigration and education. “Search results
offer users general background information, as
well as details on the sort of data available in
the area and links to statics from official bodies”

Fact-checking sites
Emergent.Info
The sites tagline is ”real-time rumor tracker”. For
example, on April 1, 2015, it checked whether a
man was wanted in England for slapping people
who sneeze in public(true) and a claim that
doctors had confirmed the first death due to
genetically modified food(false). The site is part of
a research project of the Tow Center for Digital
Journalism at Columbia University that focuses
on how unverified information and rumor are
reported in the media.

Fact-checking sites
Churnalism
From the Sunlight Foundation, Churnalism is
based on a U.K site and compares articles to a
database of press releases. It’s intended as a
public-accountability tool but could also useful
for journalists assessing blog posts and other
source material.

Fact-checking sites
LazyTruth
An inbox extension that recognizes emails full
of political myths, urban legends, or security
threats and debunks them in your mail
program. It currently works only in Chrome and
Gmail, but may be expanded to other
browsers.

Fact-checking sites
Is Twitter Wrong
A Tumblr(http://istwitterwrong.tumblr.com/)
and Twitter(http://twitter.com/IsTwitWrong)
account dedicated to debunking
misinformation on Twitter.

Fact-correction tools
MediaBugs
A service for reporting specific, correctable
errors, and problems in media coverage. “We’ll
provide a neutral, civil, moderated discussion
space,” they state. “We’ll try to alert the
journalists or new organization involved about
your report and bring them into a conversation.
As a result of this dialogue between journalists
and the public, some errors may get into
corrected; others won’t. Either way, the
discussion will leave a useful public record.

Retwact
A tool that automates the process of notifying
anyone who retweeted an inaccurate tweet
from your account ; the goal is to help slow the
spread of misinformation by making it easier to
correct tweets.

Report an Error Alliance
This is an ad-hoc group of individuals and
organizations who endorse the idea that
websites should always have an easy-to-find
and-use “report an error” button. It’s a way of
saying to users that you care about accuracy,
you want to know when you make errors, and
you’re conscientious about fixing them.

Image tools
TinEye
A reverse-image search engine, TinEye
allows you to find out where an image came
from, how it is being used, if modified versions
exist, or to find higher-resolution versions.
TinEye is the first image search engine to use
image-identification technology rather than
keywords, metadata or watermarks. It is free to
use for non-commercial searching.

Image tools
Google Images
With Google Images “Search by Image”
option you can upload an image and Google
will show you any images that resemble it. It
is a quick track down original source images,
or spot modifications and edits to an image.

Image tools
FourAndSix
An extension for Adobe Photoshop,
FourMatch analyzes open JPEG images to
determine whether they are untouched
originals from a digital camera. As of April
2015, the service has been discontinued and
one called Izitru was recommended.

ACTIVITY
DRAW: MIND MAP
The goal is to be able to draw a mind map of search
engines. This task will give you a profound insight into
search engines. Expect to work with a group. You will
collaborate using a list of 20 words related about
search engines. Your job is to turn these into a map of
connected words. You should be able to explain and
justify each connection map that you make.

LESSON 1, 2 & 3-ETECH 1S

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