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FOOD WEB,[object Object],SMALL POND ,[object Object]
What is the Food Web for a Pond?,[object Object],[object Object]
For example, Plants become food for plant-eating (herbivorous) animals, such as small crustaceans. They are preyed upon by small flesh-eating (carnivorous) animals including fishes, dragonfly, birds and other animals. Larger fishes eat the smaller fishes, crustaceans, and insects. If not eaten, plants and animal eventually dies and decomposes. Its protoplasm is reduced to basic materials that green plants need for growth. ,[object Object]
Producers,[object Object],Producers in a pond food web are organisms that through photosynthesis, manufacture their own food from sunlight. Examples range from microscopic phytoplankton to large plants like cattails.,[object Object]
Primary Consumers,[object Object],Primary consumers, essentially herbivores, are organisms that feed directly upon the producers, examples are tadpoles and crustaceans.,[object Object]
Secondary Consumers,[object Object],The secondary consumers in a pond, such as a small fish for example, are organisms that feed upon or consume, the primary consumers.,[object Object]
Top Consumers,[object Object],Ecologists often refer to the top consumer group as the apex predators and examples would include the osprey and humans.,[object Object]
Decomposers,[object Object],The decomposers, like bacteria and fungi, break down the dead and decaying bodies of any of the other organisms in the pond and recycle their nutrients.,[object Object]
Habitats in a pond ecosystem,[object Object],There are mainly four habitats in a pond ecosystem:,[object Object],Shore habitats,[object Object],Surface film habitats,[object Object],Open water habitats,[object Object],Bottom water habitats,[object Object]
Shore Habitats,[object Object],Organisms in this habitat vary depending upon whether the shore is rocky, sandy or muddy. ,[object Object],In case of rocky shores, plants might not be able to grow,[object Object],Whereas in muddy of sandy shores or mixed type, plants like grasses, algae and rushes can be present along with organisms such as earthworms, protozoa, snails, insects, small fishes and microorganisms,[object Object]
Surface film habitats,[object Object],In general, insects like water striders and marsh traders, organisms that are free-floating and those that can walk on the surface of the water inhabit the surface of the pond. They nourish on the floating plants, dead insects, and sometimes, feed upon each other.,[object Object]
Open water habitats,[object Object],Inhabited by fishes and the plankton (tiny organisms).  Fishes feed on plankton.,[object Object]
Bottom water habitats,[object Object],Depending upon whether the pond is shallow or deep, the habitat varies. ,[object Object],If a pond is shallow and has sandy bottom, organism like earthworms, snails and insects inhabit the bottom,[object Object],Whereas if the pond is deep and has a muddy bottom, microorganisms, flatworm, rat-tailed maggot mostly inhabit the bottom.,[object Object]
Diagram of pond food web,[object Object]

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Pond food web

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Editor's Notes

  1. References Elements of Ecology and Field Biology; Robert Leo Smith; 1977