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Practical Research 1
Quarter 1 - Module 2:
Qualitative Research and Its Importance in
Daily Life
CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
Practical Research 1 – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Qualitative Research and Its Importance in Daily Life
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by __________________
Department of Education – REGION 10
Office Address : Zone 1, Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City 9000
Telephone : (088) 880-7071, (088) 880-7072
E-mail Address : region10@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module:
Author: Chona M. Colonia, PhD
Editors: Jane Charity E. Madronero, Anthony P. Marollano, Chelou M.
Tizon, Norma B. Delima, Kareen J. Agcopra, PhD, Hasima
Salic, Jerrie Jane Y. Alojado
Reviewers: May P. Edullantes, EPS-LRMDS
Illustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan, S. Aparejo, R. Fabre
Layout & Design Evaluator: Allan H. Guibone
Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Mala Epra B. Magnaong
CES, CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot,Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Dr. Marie Emerald A. Cabigas
Regional EPS, LRMDS
Practical Research 1
Quarter 1 - Module 2:
Qualitative Research and Its Importance in
Daily Life
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each
SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
1 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
What I Need to Know
Conducting qualitative research is as significant as the necessities of human
existence. It paves way to understanding the current issues and natural phenomena that
greatly contribute to the lives of the people.
As a researcher, it is imperative to realize the importance of qualitative research in
everyday life for this will serve as sustenance to finish the course of the study. Further, this
will truly inspire anyone to pursue the fulfillment of research in the context of providing answers
to questions and set a trend to the rest of the researchers.
This lesson will brace you with knowledge on kinds, characteristics, uses, strengths,
and weaknesses of qualitative research. These topics are necessary as you get closer to
choosing the field of research you will focus on.
Every day of our lives is a challenge. We face so many questions that sometimes
cannot be answered by merely asking our neighbors or even the experts we know. As a result,
we attempt to investigate about these problems ourselves. In this scenario, our knowledge in
research is very important.
Among the steps we take is asking ourselves, “Why do I need to pursue the answers
to these questions? Well, for that matter, you must realize that research plays a big role in the
lives of the people-your family, friends, and neighbors.
Learning Objectives:
After studying this module, you are expected to:
∙ describe the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research (CS_RS11-
IIIb-1);
∙ identify the kinds of qualitative research (CS_RS11-IIIb-1);
∙ familiarize the qualitative research in different fields (CS_RS11-IIIb-2); and
∙ determine the importance of qualitative research in different fields (CS_RS11-IIIb 2).
What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. One characteristic below is not of qualitative research.
A. It focuses on participants’ perceptions. C. Its method used is interactive.
B. It takes place in a natural setting. D. It analyzes data using statistical
tools.
2. Research results require exhaustive analysis of the meaning of the data. This shows the:
A. weakness of qualitative research.
B. strength of qualitative research.
C. areas for improvement of qualitative research.
D. direction of qualitative research.
3. This field of qualitative research is concerned with the evaluation of students’ learning
outcomes.
A. Technical Communication C. Psychology
B. Education D. Advertising
2 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
4. It is believed to be one of the weaknesses of qualitative research.
A. It can develop theories.
B. It has several avenues to understand phenomena.
C. It is a way a researcher perceives things as he is immersed in the study.
D. It answers certain phenomena- social, economic, political, and psychological.
5. This is the field of qualitative research where people’s traumatic experiences are studied.
A. Technical Communication C. Psychology
B. Education D. Social Work
6. It is an investigation of a particular person, group, or situation for a long period of time.
A. Grounded theory C. Content and Discourse Analysis
B. Historical Analysis D. Case study
7. One of the following is a weakness of qualitative research.
A. Data are based on the human experience.
B. It includes a detailed examination of issues.
C. It can be quickly revised as new information emerges.
D. The confidentiality of the subject limits the presentation of the findings.
8. It is studying the past to understand the present time.
A. Grounded theory C. Content and Discourse Analysis
B. Historical Analysis D. Case study
9. This kind qualitative research requires the examination or analysis of the substance or
content of the communication that takes place in different forms.
A. Case study C. Content and Discourse Analysis
B. Historical Analysis D. Phenomenology
10. It is a kind of qualitative research that explains how people find meaning in their daily
experiences.
A. Case study C. Phenomenology
B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory
11. One way of collecting data about students’ attitudes toward math is through observation in
the actual class. It is because, in qualitative research, data should be collected in a
______________
A. difficult situation C. gathering of people
B. natural setting D. closed area
12. In qualitative research, data are collected in different manners. The reason behind this
technique is to____________
A. gather a comprehensive and rich description of the subject.
B. give options to the researcher which data are the best.
C. keep the researcher busy for the entire period of the study.
D. give justice to the chosen participants of the study by exposing them to different
situations.
13. Driven by curiosity, a researcher wants to analyze the lifestyle of the Manobo tribe of
Bukidnon. This study falls under ________
A. Case study C. Ethnography
B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory
14. Your teacher requires you to study the influence of Noli Me Tangere to the lives of the
Filipinos during the Spanish regime. The research you are doing is _______.
A. Case study C. Ethnography
B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory
3 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
15. The researcher is analyzing the code-mixing occurrences in the conversation between the
Cebuano teacher and Higaonon learners. This kind of study is ________.
A. Content and Discourse Analysis C. Ethnography
B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory
---End of Pre-test---
4 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
Lesson
1
THE VALUE OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH: ITS KINDS,
CHARACTERISTICS, USES,
STRENGTHS, AND WEAKNESSES
What’s In
BEFORE WE PROCEED TO THE NEXT LESSON, let us recall the concepts you have learned
about definition of research, importance of research in daily life, and characteristics,
processes, and ethics of research.
Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters to form the concept described in each item. Write
your answer on the blank provided before each number.
(emlpircai)____________ 1. Research is based on direct experience or
observation by the researcher.
(ogilcal)______________ 2. It is based on valid procedures and principles.
(lcycical)_____________ 3. It starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
(aanlytical)___________ 4. It proves analytical procedures in gathering the
data, whether historical, descriptive, and case
study.
(lmethodica)___________ 5. It is conducted in a methodical manner without
bias using systematic methods and
procedures.
(repliablec)___________ 6. Its design and procedures are replicated or
repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at
valid and conclusive results.
(acriticl)______________ 7. It exhibits carefully studied judgment.
(eqalitativu eserarch) 8. It is a process of naturalistic inquiry that seeks in-
depth understanding of social phenomena
within their natural setting.
(Yintgrite) 9. It is an ethics of a research which to keep promises
and agreements.
(nteillecutal proerpty) 10. It is an ethics of a research that gives proper
acknowledgment or credit for all researchers.
(pplaied eserarch) 11. This type of research that is purely direct
application but expanding the nature of
understanding about the problem.
(evriew of elarted uiterlatre) 12. It is a process that answers what information is
already available.
(ampsling) 13. It is a process that answers how to identify or
select your respondents.
(oynfidecntialit) 14. An ethic of research which guarantees
unpublished identity of the subjects.
(umhan rotepction) 15. It is an ethic of research that ascertains the safety
of the people involved in the process.
Now, you are ready to proceed to the next lesson
5 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
What’s New
Describe it!
What will you do to give the proper description of the things around you?
You are right! You must use your senses. This time, you do it, yourself. Try to
determine what senses you will use to describe the things listed in the first column. Check
appropriate column in the table to accomplish it. The first one is done for you.
See it! Taste it! Smell it! Touch it! Listen to it!
Food / / / / /
Music
Stone
Rubbing alcohol
Bag
Cellphone
Book
Paper
Person
Water
What is It
We get to know the things, people, and situations that we encounter through rich
descriptions using our senses. In qualitative research, the same scenario is true. We have to
understand the events by collecting rich sources of data.
Now, let us get to know the details of qualitative research.
Your knowledge about qualitative research and how it differs from quantitative
research is a requirement to further your research journey. Therefore, I must say that you are
already equipped with what it takes to embark on the new lesson.
Are you ready? Good! Let’s get started!
Kinds of Qualitative Research
Below are the kinds of qualitative research that you may venture on. Your choice of
conducting a qualitative research study depends on your interest, on the issues and
concerns need to be addressed in the community, and on your curiosity as an individual.
Phenomenology
It is the study of how people give meaning to their experiences, like the death of
loved ones, care for the people, and friendliness of the people.
Ethnography
It is understanding of how a particular cultural group goes about their daily lives which
includes their organizational set-up, internal operations, and lifestyle.
6 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
Grounded theory
This occurs when a researcher discovers a new theory based on the data collected.
It is a research methodology for discovering theory in a substantive area.
Case study
This study involves an investigation of a person, group, organization, or situation for a
long period of time to explain why such things occur to the subject under study. Some
examples of this type of study are the fields of social care, nursing, psychology, rehabilitation
centers, education, etc.
Content and Discourse Analysis
This method requires the examination or analysis of the substance or content of the
communication that takes place through letters, books, journals, photos, video recordings,
short message services, online messages, emails, audio-visual materials, etc.
Historical Analysis
This is the study of primary documents to explain the connection of past events to the
present time. An example of this is explaining the happenings during the Marcos regime.
Characteristics and Uses of Qualitative Research
∙ Qualitative research takes place in a natural setting like home, school, institution, or
community. Researchers gain actual experiences of the research participants.
∙ It focuses on participants’ perceptions and experiences (Franenkel and Wallen, 1988 in
Creswell, 2013)
∙ Researchers are sensitive to participants’ needs and participants are actively engaged in
the process.
∙ Data are collected through observation, interviews, documents, e-mails, blogs, videos,
etc.
∙ It may result in changes in research questions after new discoveries occur. ∙ It develops
from a specific to a general understanding of concepts.
∙ It is a process of describing a situation, analyzing data for themes or categories, and
making interpretations or drawing conclusions.
∙ It may be subjected to the researcher’s personal interpretation.
∙ The researchers, as a primary instrument in data collection, view social phenomena and
situations holistically.
Strengths of Qualitative Research
1. Issues can be analyzed through detailed and deep examination.
2. Interviews are not being delimited to specific questions and can be guided/redirected
by the researcher along the process.
3. The research framework and direction can be easily revised as new information
emerges.
4. The obtained data from human experience is powerful and sometimes more interesting
than quantitative data.
5. Data usually are collected from a few cases or individuals so findings cannot be
generalized to a larger population. Findings can however be transferable to another
setting.
7 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
1. Research quality is heavily dependent on the researcher’s skills and may be influenced
by the researcher's outlooks.
2. The volume of data makes analysis and interpretation time-consuming.
3. It is sometimes hard to prove.
4. The researcher's presence during data gathering, which is often unavoidable in
qualitative research, can affect the subjects' attitudes towards the process.
5. Issues of anonymity and confidentiality can bring/result in problems when presenting
findings.
6. Findings can be more difficult and take time to visualize.
What’s More
Strength or Weakness Challenge!
Directions: Read and analyze the situations in the first column of the table. Then, determine
whether each is a strength or a weakness of qualitative research. Check
appropriate column for your answer.
Research Activity Strength Weakness
The researcher must provide all the details of
the data in order to arrive at the correct findings
and substantive conclusion.
The findings of the research can be visualized
after many attempts of analyzing the data.
During the collection of the data, like
observation, the researcher must be physically
visible to the respondents. Consequently, there
is a possibility of a change in natural attitude of
the respondents.
In qualitative study, the researcher must gather
voluminous information to have enough
substance for interpretation and analysis of data.
Few respondents are enough sources of
information in conducting qualitative research.
This means that findings are exclusive to that
group selected and may not be relatable to a
larger population.
Research framework may be changed from time
to time when conducting a qualitative research.
This is brought about by the discovery of new
themes that emerge along the course of the
study.
Realistic experience of the people is one
attribute of qualitative research.
8 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
B. Matchmaker!
Match the phrase in column A with its corresponding concept in Column B. Write the letter of
the correct answer on the blank provided before each number.
A B
_______ 1.Discovering a new theory Phenomenology
_______ 2.Providing meaning to people’s experiences Ethnography
_______ 3.Studying a particular cultural group Grounded theory
_______ 4.Investigation of a person, group
organization, or situation for a long period
of time
Case study
_______ 5.Explaining the connection of the past to
the present time
Content and Discourse Analysis
_______ 6.Analysis of the substance or content of the
communication
Historical Analysis
What I Have Learned
Step Up!
Directions: Answer the questions in every step of the ladder. Start at the bottom and proceed
to the next steps up the ladder. Write your answer inside the box.
9 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
What I Can Do
Name it!
Directions: Give the kind of qualitative research applicable if you were to study the topics
given below. Write your answer on the blank provided before each number.
___________ 1. Wedding rituals of the Higaonon tribe
___________ 2. Styles of parenting in urban areas
___________ 3. Poor performance in English among senior high school students
___________ 4. Investigating the personality of a suicidal teenager
___________ 5. Explaining the common themes of the books written by Rizal
___________ 6. Political practices during the Marcos regime
___________ 7. Struggles experienced by senior high school students during the
pandemic
___________ 8. Language features of the LGBTQ community
___________ 9. Understanding the Theory on Multiple Intelligences by Howard
Gardner
___________ 10. Acceptability of vaccination among the Manobo tribe in Bukidnon
Do it yourself!
Instructions: Supply the graph below with information about your capacity to conduct a
qualitative research.
10 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
Lesson
2
IMPORTANCE OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
ACROSS FIELDS OF INQUIRY
What’s In
Directions: Write T, if the statement is true, and F, if it is false.
______ 1. Qualitative research can be subjective.
______ 2. Qualitative research takes place in a natural setting.
______ 3. The researcher in a qualitative study is the primary instrument in data
collection.
______ 4. Phenomenology is studying a certain cultural group.
______ 5. Grounded theory is discovering a new theory along the process of data
collection.
______ 6. Qualitative research is sometimes hard to prove.
______ 7. Content and discourse analysis requires the examination or analysis of the
substance or content of the communication.
______ 8. Case study is conducted for a short period of time.
______ 9. Phenomenology is studying about people’s experiences.
______ 10. Ethnography is the study of people’s traumatic experiences.
What’s New
Directions: From the list of words below, choose one which you are most familiar with.
List of Words:
school
hospital
economy
social media
Radio, television
I choose the word
_________________________________________________
Explain how this word is most familiar to you.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
11 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
What is It
Schools, hospitals, social media, and media (radio and television) are among the
beneficiaries of qualitative research. These institutions have contributed largely to sustain a
society.
Qualitative research has been found to be an effective method in finding answers to
phenomena in the context of different disciplines like education, technical communication, and
business, social and behavioral sciences advertising, and social work. Further, the latest
developments of these disciplines are relatively contributed by qualitative study.
Importance of Qualitative Research across Different Fields
Qualitative Research in Education
To better understand research in education, Green and Bloome (1997) gave a
distinction between Ethnography of education and Ethnography in education.
Ethnography of education seeks to understand what counts as education for members
of a particular group while ethnography in education studies about social and cultural
dynamics of a school or classroom. An example is how teaching styles match the learning
styles of students.
They concluded that ethnographic practice-like any set of social and cultural practices-
are ways that people in a certain place react to each other to pursue an agenda: including
research agenda, educational agenda, and social, cultural, and instructional change agenda.
An example of this study is how students react to the evaluation of their academic performance.
Qualitative research is important as it navigates towards the improvement of
performance in education.
Qualitative Research in Technical Communication
Qualitative research can also be used in studying the effective use of technology in the
workplace to ensure a smooth flow of communication. This can be conducted using focus
groups.
Technical communications under study can be in the forms of e-mail, fax messaging,
video and voice conferencing, intranet and extranet, jargon, and graphics.
The advancement in technical communication is a product of exploration using
qualitative research.
Qualitative Research in Psychology
According to Braun and Clarke (2013), the qualitative research paradigm in psychology
has been emerging since the second half of the nineteenth century.
Psychology has been strongly shaped by the behavioral and cognitive traditions within
which psychology should seek to understand and determine an observable, objective
psychological reality. An example of this is, psychologists seek to understand why some
students lack the motivation to go to school and why some students resort to bullying and the
like.
Understanding the psychological processes and how they affect society is the
contribution of qualitative research.
12 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
Qualitative Research in Advertising
Morrison et al. say that great advertising comes along from an understanding of
consumer’s wants and needs. Further, they say that qualitative research approaches, or
methods useful in advertising have been used by advertising researchers.
The stated connection of understanding the connection between advertising and
consumers’ preferences can be explained through qualitative research.
Qualitative Research in Social Work
Conducting research under social work means studying people’s experiences especially
what they found traumatic and painful. This can be done by analyzing interview data and
narratives which has four broad categories:
1. Knowledge-direct remembering and reliving, with complete details of the events
2. Awareness of mental process: awareness of emotions and of cognitive processes
3. Awareness of identity- awareness of values and the construction of personal
characteristics of each partner and of the couple as a unit
4. Alienation-refusal to observe, reflect or remember
Qualitative Research in Marketing
Historically, qualitative research in marketing is influenced by social research and has
embedded projective devices within the approach of in-depth interview.
The more modern qualitative marketing studies use the grounded theory approach. For
example, Flint, Woodruff, and Guardial (2002, as cited in Belk, 20016) studied customers at
different levels in US automobile manufacturing.
Thus, by thorough investigation through research, marketing strategies are improved
for better return of investment.
Qualitative Research in International Business
Business establishments use methods like participant observation, content analysis
focus groups, narrative interviews, and “hidden” methods such as archival research (Marschan,
Pekkari & Welch, 2004).
In this manner, business establishments can collect reliable information and come to a
decision of improving their ways and processes.
What’s More
Directions: Based on your observation and personal experience, give the contribution of the
following fields of research to your life, your community, and to the country in
general.
Field of Research Its Contribution
To Myself To my
community
To my country
1. Education
2. Technical Communication
13 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
3. Psychology
4. Advertising
5. Social Work
6. Marketing
7. International Business
What I Have Learned
Directions: Answer the questions below.
1. What are the different fields of qualitative research?
2. How does qualitative research contribute to the field of education, technical
communication, psychology, advertising, social work, marketing, and international
business
What I Can Do?
Directions: If you were to conduct a qualitative study to improve your society, what would it
be? Why? Write your answer on the graph below.
Choose here:
Education
Technical Communication
Psychology
Advertising
Social Work
Marketing
International Business
The field of research I
would like to conduct
What aspects of this field
need to be improved?
How would I improve these
aspects?
14 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
(Post-Test) Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. One of the following statements does not describe qualitative research.
A. It focuses on participants’ perceptions.
B. It takes place in a natural setting.
C. Its method used is interactive and humanistic.
D. It analyzes data using statistical tools.
2. Arriving at a result in qualitative research takes time. This shows the ______________.
A. Direction of qualitative research
B. Weakness of qualitative research
C. Strength of qualitative research
D. Areas for improvement of qualitative research
3. The following scenarios show strengths of qualitative research, EXCEPT for a fact that
__________.
A. it can develop theories.
B. it has several avenues to understand phenomena.
C. the researcher’s personal perception is immersed in the study.
D. it answers events occurring in social, economic, political, and psychological set- up.
4. One example of this field in qualitative research is the evaluation of students’ learning
outcomes.
A. Technical Communication C. Psychology
B. Education D. Advertising
5. This field of qualitative research studies how people deal with their traumatic experiences.
A. Technical Communication C. Psychology
B. Education D. Social Work
6. This qualitative research seeks to explain the meaning people give to their daily
experiences.
A. Case study C. Phenomenology
B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory
7. Your concern about the low performance of your classmates in Math prompted you to do
research. This study belongs to the field of ____________
A. Technical Communication C. Psychology
B. Education D. Social Work
8. This kind of research studies a particular person, group, or situation for a long period of
time.
A. Grounded theory C. Content and Discourse Analysis
B. Historical Analysis D. Case study
9. It is a field of qualitative research pursued if the researcher wants to know how to sell out a
product to the customers.
A. Psychology C. Social Work
B. Advertising D. Technical Communication
10. The focus of this kind of qualitative research is understanding the past and its connection
to the present time.
A. Grounded theory C. Content and Discourse Analysis
B. Historical Analysis D. Case study
15 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
11. This kind of qualitative research requires the analysis of the substance or content of the
communication that takes place in different forms.
A. Case study C. Content and Discourse Analysis
B. Historical Analysis D. Phenomenology
12. One reliable way of collecting data about students’ performance during oral participation in
English is through actual observation in the class. It is because, in qualitative research,
data should be collected in a ______________.
A. difficult situation. C. gathering of people.
B. natural setting. D. closed area.
13. The reason why qualitative research requires data collection in varied forms is _______.
A. to gather comprehensive and rich description of the subject.
B. to give options to the researcher which data are the best.
C. to keep the researcher busy for the entire period of the study.
D. to give justice to the chosen participants of the study by exposing them to different
situations.
14. Driven by curiosity, you want to analyze the lifestyle of the Manobo tribe of Bukidnon.
This study falls under ________.
A. Case study C. Ethnography
B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory
15. Your teacher requires you to study the influence of Noli Me Tangere to the lives of the
Filipinos during the Spanish regime. The research you are doing is _____________.
A. Case study C. Ethnography
B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory
Additional Activity
In your research notebook, identify and describe one innovation you have observed in the
following fields:
1. Education
2. Technical Communication
3. Psychology
4. Advertising
5. Social Work
6. Marketing
7. International Business
16
CO_Q1_SHS
Practical
Research
1_Module
2
Key
to
Answers
Pre-test
Lesson
1-
What’s
In
What’s
New
What’s
More
Strength
or
Weakness
Challenge!
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. B
9. C
10. C
11. B
12. A
13. C
14. B
15. A
1. Empirical
2. Logical
3. Cyclical
4. Analytical
5. Methodical
6. Replicable
7. Critical
8. Qualitative Research
9. Integrity
10. Intellectual Property
11. Applied Research
12. Review of Related Literature
13. Sampling
14. Confidentiality
15. Human Protection
See it! Taste it! Smell it! Touch it! Listen to it!
Food / / / /
Music /
Stone / / /
Rubbing alcohol / / /
Bag / /
Cellphone / / /
Book / /
Paper / /
Person / / /
Water / / / /
Research Activity Strength Weakness
The researcher has to provide all the details of the data in order to arrive at
the correct findings and substantive conclusion.
/
The findings of the research can be visualized after many attempts of
analyzing the data.
/
During the collection of the data, like observation, the researcher has to be
physically visible to the respondents. Consequently, there is a possibility of a
change in natural attitude of the respondents.
/
In qualitative study, the researcher has to gather voluminous information to
have enough substance for interpretation and analysis of data.
/
Few respondents are enough sources of information in conducting qualitative
research. This means that findings are exclusive to that group selected and
may not be relatable to a larger population.
/
Research framework may be changed from time to time when conducting a
qualitative research. This is brought about by the discovery of new themes
that emerge along the course of the study.
/
Realistic experience of the people is one attribute of qualitative research. /
17 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
B. Matchmaker! What I Can Do
Name it!
Lesson 2
What’s In
References:
Baraceros, Esther L. 2016. Practical Research 1. First Edition. Sampaloc, Metro Manila:
Rex Book Store
Naval, Victoria C. et.al. 2017. Practical Research for Senior High School. Cubao, Quezon
City: Lorimar Publishing House
1.
c
2.
a
3.
b
4.
d
5.
f
6.
e
What
I
Have
Learned
Answers
may
vary
1.
Ethnography
2.
Phenomenology
3.
Phenomenology
4.
Case
Study
5.
Content
and
Discourse
Analysis
6.
Historical
Analysis
7.
Phenomenology
8.
Content
and
Discourse
Analysis
9.
Grounded
Theory
10.
Ethnography
Do
it
yourself!
Answers
may
vary
1.
T
2.
T
3.
T
4.
T
5.
T
6.
T
7.
T
8.
F
9.
T
10.
F
What’s
New
Answer
may
vary
What’s
More
Answers
may
vary
What
I
Have
Learned
Answers
may
vary
Posttest
1.
D
2.
B
3.
C
4.
B
5.
C
6.
C
7.
B
8.
D
9.
B
10.
B
11.
C
12.
B
13.
A
14.
C
15.
B
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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APPLIED PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 Q1 Mod2 V2

  • 1. Practical Research 1 Quarter 1 - Module 2: Qualitative Research and Its Importance in Daily Life CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2
  • 2. Practical Research 1 – Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 2: Qualitative Research and Its Importance in Daily Life First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Printed in the Philippines by __________________ Department of Education – REGION 10 Office Address : Zone 1, Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City 9000 Telephone : (088) 880-7071, (088) 880-7072 E-mail Address : region10@deped.gov.ph Development Team of the Module: Author: Chona M. Colonia, PhD Editors: Jane Charity E. Madronero, Anthony P. Marollano, Chelou M. Tizon, Norma B. Delima, Kareen J. Agcopra, PhD, Hasima Salic, Jerrie Jane Y. Alojado Reviewers: May P. Edullantes, EPS-LRMDS Illustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan, S. Aparejo, R. Fabre Layout & Design Evaluator: Allan H. Guibone Management Team Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III Regional Director Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V Asst. Regional Director Mala Epra B. Magnaong CES, CLMD Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot,Jr. Regional ADM Coordinator Dr. Marie Emerald A. Cabigas Regional EPS, LRMDS
  • 3. Practical Research 1 Quarter 1 - Module 2: Qualitative Research and Its Importance in Daily Life
  • 4. Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.
  • 5. 1 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 What I Need to Know Conducting qualitative research is as significant as the necessities of human existence. It paves way to understanding the current issues and natural phenomena that greatly contribute to the lives of the people. As a researcher, it is imperative to realize the importance of qualitative research in everyday life for this will serve as sustenance to finish the course of the study. Further, this will truly inspire anyone to pursue the fulfillment of research in the context of providing answers to questions and set a trend to the rest of the researchers. This lesson will brace you with knowledge on kinds, characteristics, uses, strengths, and weaknesses of qualitative research. These topics are necessary as you get closer to choosing the field of research you will focus on. Every day of our lives is a challenge. We face so many questions that sometimes cannot be answered by merely asking our neighbors or even the experts we know. As a result, we attempt to investigate about these problems ourselves. In this scenario, our knowledge in research is very important. Among the steps we take is asking ourselves, “Why do I need to pursue the answers to these questions? Well, for that matter, you must realize that research plays a big role in the lives of the people-your family, friends, and neighbors. Learning Objectives: After studying this module, you are expected to: ∙ describe the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research (CS_RS11- IIIb-1); ∙ identify the kinds of qualitative research (CS_RS11-IIIb-1); ∙ familiarize the qualitative research in different fields (CS_RS11-IIIb-2); and ∙ determine the importance of qualitative research in different fields (CS_RS11-IIIb 2). What I Know Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. One characteristic below is not of qualitative research. A. It focuses on participants’ perceptions. C. Its method used is interactive. B. It takes place in a natural setting. D. It analyzes data using statistical tools. 2. Research results require exhaustive analysis of the meaning of the data. This shows the: A. weakness of qualitative research. B. strength of qualitative research. C. areas for improvement of qualitative research. D. direction of qualitative research. 3. This field of qualitative research is concerned with the evaluation of students’ learning outcomes. A. Technical Communication C. Psychology B. Education D. Advertising
  • 6. 2 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 4. It is believed to be one of the weaknesses of qualitative research. A. It can develop theories. B. It has several avenues to understand phenomena. C. It is a way a researcher perceives things as he is immersed in the study. D. It answers certain phenomena- social, economic, political, and psychological. 5. This is the field of qualitative research where people’s traumatic experiences are studied. A. Technical Communication C. Psychology B. Education D. Social Work 6. It is an investigation of a particular person, group, or situation for a long period of time. A. Grounded theory C. Content and Discourse Analysis B. Historical Analysis D. Case study 7. One of the following is a weakness of qualitative research. A. Data are based on the human experience. B. It includes a detailed examination of issues. C. It can be quickly revised as new information emerges. D. The confidentiality of the subject limits the presentation of the findings. 8. It is studying the past to understand the present time. A. Grounded theory C. Content and Discourse Analysis B. Historical Analysis D. Case study 9. This kind qualitative research requires the examination or analysis of the substance or content of the communication that takes place in different forms. A. Case study C. Content and Discourse Analysis B. Historical Analysis D. Phenomenology 10. It is a kind of qualitative research that explains how people find meaning in their daily experiences. A. Case study C. Phenomenology B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory 11. One way of collecting data about students’ attitudes toward math is through observation in the actual class. It is because, in qualitative research, data should be collected in a ______________ A. difficult situation C. gathering of people B. natural setting D. closed area 12. In qualitative research, data are collected in different manners. The reason behind this technique is to____________ A. gather a comprehensive and rich description of the subject. B. give options to the researcher which data are the best. C. keep the researcher busy for the entire period of the study. D. give justice to the chosen participants of the study by exposing them to different situations. 13. Driven by curiosity, a researcher wants to analyze the lifestyle of the Manobo tribe of Bukidnon. This study falls under ________ A. Case study C. Ethnography B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory 14. Your teacher requires you to study the influence of Noli Me Tangere to the lives of the Filipinos during the Spanish regime. The research you are doing is _______. A. Case study C. Ethnography B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory
  • 7. 3 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 15. The researcher is analyzing the code-mixing occurrences in the conversation between the Cebuano teacher and Higaonon learners. This kind of study is ________. A. Content and Discourse Analysis C. Ethnography B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory ---End of Pre-test---
  • 8. 4 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 Lesson 1 THE VALUE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: ITS KINDS, CHARACTERISTICS, USES, STRENGTHS, AND WEAKNESSES What’s In BEFORE WE PROCEED TO THE NEXT LESSON, let us recall the concepts you have learned about definition of research, importance of research in daily life, and characteristics, processes, and ethics of research. Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters to form the concept described in each item. Write your answer on the blank provided before each number. (emlpircai)____________ 1. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher. (ogilcal)______________ 2. It is based on valid procedures and principles. (lcycical)_____________ 3. It starts with a problem and ends with a problem. (aanlytical)___________ 4. It proves analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and case study. (lmethodica)___________ 5. It is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic methods and procedures. (repliablec)___________ 6. Its design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results. (acriticl)______________ 7. It exhibits carefully studied judgment. (eqalitativu eserarch) 8. It is a process of naturalistic inquiry that seeks in- depth understanding of social phenomena within their natural setting. (Yintgrite) 9. It is an ethics of a research which to keep promises and agreements. (nteillecutal proerpty) 10. It is an ethics of a research that gives proper acknowledgment or credit for all researchers. (pplaied eserarch) 11. This type of research that is purely direct application but expanding the nature of understanding about the problem. (evriew of elarted uiterlatre) 12. It is a process that answers what information is already available. (ampsling) 13. It is a process that answers how to identify or select your respondents. (oynfidecntialit) 14. An ethic of research which guarantees unpublished identity of the subjects. (umhan rotepction) 15. It is an ethic of research that ascertains the safety of the people involved in the process. Now, you are ready to proceed to the next lesson
  • 9. 5 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 What’s New Describe it! What will you do to give the proper description of the things around you? You are right! You must use your senses. This time, you do it, yourself. Try to determine what senses you will use to describe the things listed in the first column. Check appropriate column in the table to accomplish it. The first one is done for you. See it! Taste it! Smell it! Touch it! Listen to it! Food / / / / / Music Stone Rubbing alcohol Bag Cellphone Book Paper Person Water What is It We get to know the things, people, and situations that we encounter through rich descriptions using our senses. In qualitative research, the same scenario is true. We have to understand the events by collecting rich sources of data. Now, let us get to know the details of qualitative research. Your knowledge about qualitative research and how it differs from quantitative research is a requirement to further your research journey. Therefore, I must say that you are already equipped with what it takes to embark on the new lesson. Are you ready? Good! Let’s get started! Kinds of Qualitative Research Below are the kinds of qualitative research that you may venture on. Your choice of conducting a qualitative research study depends on your interest, on the issues and concerns need to be addressed in the community, and on your curiosity as an individual. Phenomenology It is the study of how people give meaning to their experiences, like the death of loved ones, care for the people, and friendliness of the people. Ethnography It is understanding of how a particular cultural group goes about their daily lives which includes their organizational set-up, internal operations, and lifestyle.
  • 10. 6 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 Grounded theory This occurs when a researcher discovers a new theory based on the data collected. It is a research methodology for discovering theory in a substantive area. Case study This study involves an investigation of a person, group, organization, or situation for a long period of time to explain why such things occur to the subject under study. Some examples of this type of study are the fields of social care, nursing, psychology, rehabilitation centers, education, etc. Content and Discourse Analysis This method requires the examination or analysis of the substance or content of the communication that takes place through letters, books, journals, photos, video recordings, short message services, online messages, emails, audio-visual materials, etc. Historical Analysis This is the study of primary documents to explain the connection of past events to the present time. An example of this is explaining the happenings during the Marcos regime. Characteristics and Uses of Qualitative Research ∙ Qualitative research takes place in a natural setting like home, school, institution, or community. Researchers gain actual experiences of the research participants. ∙ It focuses on participants’ perceptions and experiences (Franenkel and Wallen, 1988 in Creswell, 2013) ∙ Researchers are sensitive to participants’ needs and participants are actively engaged in the process. ∙ Data are collected through observation, interviews, documents, e-mails, blogs, videos, etc. ∙ It may result in changes in research questions after new discoveries occur. ∙ It develops from a specific to a general understanding of concepts. ∙ It is a process of describing a situation, analyzing data for themes or categories, and making interpretations or drawing conclusions. ∙ It may be subjected to the researcher’s personal interpretation. ∙ The researchers, as a primary instrument in data collection, view social phenomena and situations holistically. Strengths of Qualitative Research 1. Issues can be analyzed through detailed and deep examination. 2. Interviews are not being delimited to specific questions and can be guided/redirected by the researcher along the process. 3. The research framework and direction can be easily revised as new information emerges. 4. The obtained data from human experience is powerful and sometimes more interesting than quantitative data. 5. Data usually are collected from a few cases or individuals so findings cannot be generalized to a larger population. Findings can however be transferable to another setting.
  • 11. 7 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 Weaknesses of Qualitative Research 1. Research quality is heavily dependent on the researcher’s skills and may be influenced by the researcher's outlooks. 2. The volume of data makes analysis and interpretation time-consuming. 3. It is sometimes hard to prove. 4. The researcher's presence during data gathering, which is often unavoidable in qualitative research, can affect the subjects' attitudes towards the process. 5. Issues of anonymity and confidentiality can bring/result in problems when presenting findings. 6. Findings can be more difficult and take time to visualize. What’s More Strength or Weakness Challenge! Directions: Read and analyze the situations in the first column of the table. Then, determine whether each is a strength or a weakness of qualitative research. Check appropriate column for your answer. Research Activity Strength Weakness The researcher must provide all the details of the data in order to arrive at the correct findings and substantive conclusion. The findings of the research can be visualized after many attempts of analyzing the data. During the collection of the data, like observation, the researcher must be physically visible to the respondents. Consequently, there is a possibility of a change in natural attitude of the respondents. In qualitative study, the researcher must gather voluminous information to have enough substance for interpretation and analysis of data. Few respondents are enough sources of information in conducting qualitative research. This means that findings are exclusive to that group selected and may not be relatable to a larger population. Research framework may be changed from time to time when conducting a qualitative research. This is brought about by the discovery of new themes that emerge along the course of the study. Realistic experience of the people is one attribute of qualitative research.
  • 12. 8 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 B. Matchmaker! Match the phrase in column A with its corresponding concept in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank provided before each number. A B _______ 1.Discovering a new theory Phenomenology _______ 2.Providing meaning to people’s experiences Ethnography _______ 3.Studying a particular cultural group Grounded theory _______ 4.Investigation of a person, group organization, or situation for a long period of time Case study _______ 5.Explaining the connection of the past to the present time Content and Discourse Analysis _______ 6.Analysis of the substance or content of the communication Historical Analysis What I Have Learned Step Up! Directions: Answer the questions in every step of the ladder. Start at the bottom and proceed to the next steps up the ladder. Write your answer inside the box.
  • 13. 9 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 What I Can Do Name it! Directions: Give the kind of qualitative research applicable if you were to study the topics given below. Write your answer on the blank provided before each number. ___________ 1. Wedding rituals of the Higaonon tribe ___________ 2. Styles of parenting in urban areas ___________ 3. Poor performance in English among senior high school students ___________ 4. Investigating the personality of a suicidal teenager ___________ 5. Explaining the common themes of the books written by Rizal ___________ 6. Political practices during the Marcos regime ___________ 7. Struggles experienced by senior high school students during the pandemic ___________ 8. Language features of the LGBTQ community ___________ 9. Understanding the Theory on Multiple Intelligences by Howard Gardner ___________ 10. Acceptability of vaccination among the Manobo tribe in Bukidnon Do it yourself! Instructions: Supply the graph below with information about your capacity to conduct a qualitative research.
  • 14. 10 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 Lesson 2 IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS FIELDS OF INQUIRY What’s In Directions: Write T, if the statement is true, and F, if it is false. ______ 1. Qualitative research can be subjective. ______ 2. Qualitative research takes place in a natural setting. ______ 3. The researcher in a qualitative study is the primary instrument in data collection. ______ 4. Phenomenology is studying a certain cultural group. ______ 5. Grounded theory is discovering a new theory along the process of data collection. ______ 6. Qualitative research is sometimes hard to prove. ______ 7. Content and discourse analysis requires the examination or analysis of the substance or content of the communication. ______ 8. Case study is conducted for a short period of time. ______ 9. Phenomenology is studying about people’s experiences. ______ 10. Ethnography is the study of people’s traumatic experiences. What’s New Directions: From the list of words below, choose one which you are most familiar with. List of Words: school hospital economy social media Radio, television I choose the word _________________________________________________ Explain how this word is most familiar to you. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
  • 15. 11 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 What is It Schools, hospitals, social media, and media (radio and television) are among the beneficiaries of qualitative research. These institutions have contributed largely to sustain a society. Qualitative research has been found to be an effective method in finding answers to phenomena in the context of different disciplines like education, technical communication, and business, social and behavioral sciences advertising, and social work. Further, the latest developments of these disciplines are relatively contributed by qualitative study. Importance of Qualitative Research across Different Fields Qualitative Research in Education To better understand research in education, Green and Bloome (1997) gave a distinction between Ethnography of education and Ethnography in education. Ethnography of education seeks to understand what counts as education for members of a particular group while ethnography in education studies about social and cultural dynamics of a school or classroom. An example is how teaching styles match the learning styles of students. They concluded that ethnographic practice-like any set of social and cultural practices- are ways that people in a certain place react to each other to pursue an agenda: including research agenda, educational agenda, and social, cultural, and instructional change agenda. An example of this study is how students react to the evaluation of their academic performance. Qualitative research is important as it navigates towards the improvement of performance in education. Qualitative Research in Technical Communication Qualitative research can also be used in studying the effective use of technology in the workplace to ensure a smooth flow of communication. This can be conducted using focus groups. Technical communications under study can be in the forms of e-mail, fax messaging, video and voice conferencing, intranet and extranet, jargon, and graphics. The advancement in technical communication is a product of exploration using qualitative research. Qualitative Research in Psychology According to Braun and Clarke (2013), the qualitative research paradigm in psychology has been emerging since the second half of the nineteenth century. Psychology has been strongly shaped by the behavioral and cognitive traditions within which psychology should seek to understand and determine an observable, objective psychological reality. An example of this is, psychologists seek to understand why some students lack the motivation to go to school and why some students resort to bullying and the like. Understanding the psychological processes and how they affect society is the contribution of qualitative research.
  • 16. 12 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 Qualitative Research in Advertising Morrison et al. say that great advertising comes along from an understanding of consumer’s wants and needs. Further, they say that qualitative research approaches, or methods useful in advertising have been used by advertising researchers. The stated connection of understanding the connection between advertising and consumers’ preferences can be explained through qualitative research. Qualitative Research in Social Work Conducting research under social work means studying people’s experiences especially what they found traumatic and painful. This can be done by analyzing interview data and narratives which has four broad categories: 1. Knowledge-direct remembering and reliving, with complete details of the events 2. Awareness of mental process: awareness of emotions and of cognitive processes 3. Awareness of identity- awareness of values and the construction of personal characteristics of each partner and of the couple as a unit 4. Alienation-refusal to observe, reflect or remember Qualitative Research in Marketing Historically, qualitative research in marketing is influenced by social research and has embedded projective devices within the approach of in-depth interview. The more modern qualitative marketing studies use the grounded theory approach. For example, Flint, Woodruff, and Guardial (2002, as cited in Belk, 20016) studied customers at different levels in US automobile manufacturing. Thus, by thorough investigation through research, marketing strategies are improved for better return of investment. Qualitative Research in International Business Business establishments use methods like participant observation, content analysis focus groups, narrative interviews, and “hidden” methods such as archival research (Marschan, Pekkari & Welch, 2004). In this manner, business establishments can collect reliable information and come to a decision of improving their ways and processes. What’s More Directions: Based on your observation and personal experience, give the contribution of the following fields of research to your life, your community, and to the country in general. Field of Research Its Contribution To Myself To my community To my country 1. Education 2. Technical Communication
  • 17. 13 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 3. Psychology 4. Advertising 5. Social Work 6. Marketing 7. International Business What I Have Learned Directions: Answer the questions below. 1. What are the different fields of qualitative research? 2. How does qualitative research contribute to the field of education, technical communication, psychology, advertising, social work, marketing, and international business What I Can Do? Directions: If you were to conduct a qualitative study to improve your society, what would it be? Why? Write your answer on the graph below. Choose here: Education Technical Communication Psychology Advertising Social Work Marketing International Business The field of research I would like to conduct What aspects of this field need to be improved? How would I improve these aspects?
  • 18. 14 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 (Post-Test) Assessment Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. One of the following statements does not describe qualitative research. A. It focuses on participants’ perceptions. B. It takes place in a natural setting. C. Its method used is interactive and humanistic. D. It analyzes data using statistical tools. 2. Arriving at a result in qualitative research takes time. This shows the ______________. A. Direction of qualitative research B. Weakness of qualitative research C. Strength of qualitative research D. Areas for improvement of qualitative research 3. The following scenarios show strengths of qualitative research, EXCEPT for a fact that __________. A. it can develop theories. B. it has several avenues to understand phenomena. C. the researcher’s personal perception is immersed in the study. D. it answers events occurring in social, economic, political, and psychological set- up. 4. One example of this field in qualitative research is the evaluation of students’ learning outcomes. A. Technical Communication C. Psychology B. Education D. Advertising 5. This field of qualitative research studies how people deal with their traumatic experiences. A. Technical Communication C. Psychology B. Education D. Social Work 6. This qualitative research seeks to explain the meaning people give to their daily experiences. A. Case study C. Phenomenology B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory 7. Your concern about the low performance of your classmates in Math prompted you to do research. This study belongs to the field of ____________ A. Technical Communication C. Psychology B. Education D. Social Work 8. This kind of research studies a particular person, group, or situation for a long period of time. A. Grounded theory C. Content and Discourse Analysis B. Historical Analysis D. Case study 9. It is a field of qualitative research pursued if the researcher wants to know how to sell out a product to the customers. A. Psychology C. Social Work B. Advertising D. Technical Communication 10. The focus of this kind of qualitative research is understanding the past and its connection to the present time. A. Grounded theory C. Content and Discourse Analysis B. Historical Analysis D. Case study
  • 19. 15 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 11. This kind of qualitative research requires the analysis of the substance or content of the communication that takes place in different forms. A. Case study C. Content and Discourse Analysis B. Historical Analysis D. Phenomenology 12. One reliable way of collecting data about students’ performance during oral participation in English is through actual observation in the class. It is because, in qualitative research, data should be collected in a ______________. A. difficult situation. C. gathering of people. B. natural setting. D. closed area. 13. The reason why qualitative research requires data collection in varied forms is _______. A. to gather comprehensive and rich description of the subject. B. to give options to the researcher which data are the best. C. to keep the researcher busy for the entire period of the study. D. to give justice to the chosen participants of the study by exposing them to different situations. 14. Driven by curiosity, you want to analyze the lifestyle of the Manobo tribe of Bukidnon. This study falls under ________. A. Case study C. Ethnography B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory 15. Your teacher requires you to study the influence of Noli Me Tangere to the lives of the Filipinos during the Spanish regime. The research you are doing is _____________. A. Case study C. Ethnography B. Historical Analysis D. Grounded theory Additional Activity In your research notebook, identify and describe one innovation you have observed in the following fields: 1. Education 2. Technical Communication 3. Psychology 4. Advertising 5. Social Work 6. Marketing 7. International Business
  • 20. 16 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 Key to Answers Pre-test Lesson 1- What’s In What’s New What’s More Strength or Weakness Challenge! 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A 1. Empirical 2. Logical 3. Cyclical 4. Analytical 5. Methodical 6. Replicable 7. Critical 8. Qualitative Research 9. Integrity 10. Intellectual Property 11. Applied Research 12. Review of Related Literature 13. Sampling 14. Confidentiality 15. Human Protection See it! Taste it! Smell it! Touch it! Listen to it! Food / / / / Music / Stone / / / Rubbing alcohol / / / Bag / / Cellphone / / / Book / / Paper / / Person / / / Water / / / / Research Activity Strength Weakness The researcher has to provide all the details of the data in order to arrive at the correct findings and substantive conclusion. / The findings of the research can be visualized after many attempts of analyzing the data. / During the collection of the data, like observation, the researcher has to be physically visible to the respondents. Consequently, there is a possibility of a change in natural attitude of the respondents. / In qualitative study, the researcher has to gather voluminous information to have enough substance for interpretation and analysis of data. / Few respondents are enough sources of information in conducting qualitative research. This means that findings are exclusive to that group selected and may not be relatable to a larger population. / Research framework may be changed from time to time when conducting a qualitative research. This is brought about by the discovery of new themes that emerge along the course of the study. / Realistic experience of the people is one attribute of qualitative research. /
  • 21. 17 CO_Q1_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 2 B. Matchmaker! What I Can Do Name it! Lesson 2 What’s In References: Baraceros, Esther L. 2016. Practical Research 1. First Edition. Sampaloc, Metro Manila: Rex Book Store Naval, Victoria C. et.al. 2017. Practical Research for Senior High School. Cubao, Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing House 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. f 6. e What I Have Learned Answers may vary 1. Ethnography 2. Phenomenology 3. Phenomenology 4. Case Study 5. Content and Discourse Analysis 6. Historical Analysis 7. Phenomenology 8. Content and Discourse Analysis 9. Grounded Theory 10. Ethnography Do it yourself! Answers may vary 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. F What’s New Answer may vary What’s More Answers may vary What I Have Learned Answers may vary Posttest 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B
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