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Mapping Posthuman Experiences
Liza Potts | WIDE Research | Michigan State University | @LizaPotts | lpotts@msu.edu
mapping for experiences

mapping systems help us understand uses, flow, states

several types of mapping systems exist

  UML, basic flowcharting, activity theory diagrams, etc.

we map before building apps, changing processes, etc.

  with a major focus on activities (verbs)

often missing: actors (nouns) who/what participate in activities
UML


Unified Modeling Language

traditional diagramming to design products, services, & processes

drives the approach of systems design, software design, and process
improvement

use cases, activity diagrams, state diagrams, etc.
use cases
UML | action-oriented, verbs, single-participant / single-activity
activity diagram
UML | activity-oriented, flow, single-participant / single-activity
sequence diagram
UML | system-oriented, actions, two or more systems/ relaying activity
missing component: context
how can we map for experience w/o knowing who/what is there?

need to know who participates before we can build for participation

  what people are involved?

  what technologies are available?

  what organizations are involved?

  what locations are involved (physical or virtual)?

  what events are occurring to spur action?

what other people, places, things are part of the network?
actor network theory

 actor-network theory (ANT) originated from Latour, Law, and Callon

 working in the field of STS, Latour shook up then-current theories in
 sociology by suggesting all participants (actors), whether they are
 human or nonhuman, have equal agency to affect any given situation

 actors come together to form temporary networks anchored by
 another actor, creating assemblages of relations specific to an
 individual act or broader event and forming a collective (an “actant”)

 an actant is a network comprising any actors—cell phones, blogs,
 people, etc—that have the ability to act and do act within the network
ANT mapping
a method for understanding
the context of workplace
technologies, organizations,
and people before
documenting tasks,
processes, and workflows

a way for researchers to
visualize their field-based
research (whether offline
or online) as assemblages of
people, organizations, and
technologies
why mapping

provides a strong strategic view of the research spaces that technical
communication scholars often explore

diagramming the people, places, organizations, events, and
technologies can empower design teams to know their audience’s
context, relationships, and distribution before they attempt to create
innovations

diagrams can help teams reach common ground more quickly by
collaboratively developing a shared understanding of the
implications of their proposed product designs, policies, and services
when to map

when you want to know who is participating

when you are trying to understand context

before building any products, services, processes


examining actors and networks provides a broader understanding of
the people, organizations, technologies, groups, places, and events
important to mediated systems
how to map

start on paper, whiteboard

move on to some kind of digital tool for ease of sharing

  powerpoint / keynote

  omnigraffle / visio

  inkscape / illustrator

find stencils

  Noun Project, clip art, etc. (basic = better)
what to map

look for actors who are active in the networks you are analyzing

document only nouns - not verbs (use UML for that)

nouns such as...

  people: moderator, commenter, poster, anchor

  organizations: CDC, Red Cross, MSU, EFF

  technologies: iPhone, Google Doc, Nexus7

  objects: tweet (noun, not verb), blog post, video comment
nouns
human and non-human | people, places, things
patterns
using stencils or similar placeholders to identify similar objects
relationships
using stencils or similar placeholders to identify similar objects
thank you!

Obligatory book plug:

    First book in our new
    ATTW series from Routledge

    Coming Late Summer 2013

    http://attw.org/publications/boo

    lpotts@ msu.edu | @LizaPotts
references/recommendations
Callon, M. (1986). Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St. Brieuc Bay. In J. Law (Ed.),
Power, action, & belief. A new sociology of knowledge? (pp. 196–229). London: Routledge.

Latour, B. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Latour, B. (1996). Aramis. Or the love of technology. (C. Porter, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Original work published 1993).

Latour, B. (1999). Pandora’s hope: Essays on the reality of science studies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the social. New York: Oxford University Press.

Law, J. (1992). Notes on the theory of the actor-network: Ordering, strategy and heterogeneity. Systems Practice, 5, 379–393.
Mol, A., & Law, J. (1994). Regions, networks and fluids: Anaemia and social topology. Social Studies of Science, 24, 641–671.

With thanks & attribution to the awesome artists of my icons:The Noun Project: http://thenounproject.com/using-symbols/
     Bird designed by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project. Bomb designed by Adam M. Mullin from The Noun Project.

     Building designed by Nate Eul from The Noun Project. Calendar designed by Marcio Duarte from The Noun Project.

     Camera Phone designed by Roy Milton from The Noun Project. Circle designed by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project.

     Coastal designed by Iconathon from The Noun Project. Community designed by T. Weber from The Noun Project.

     Desk designed by James Thoburn from The Noun Project. Explosion designed by Renee Ramsey-Passmore from The Noun Project.

     Fax Machine designed by Braden Stranks from The Noun Project. Gears designed by Dima Yagnyuk from The Noun Project.

     Hash designed by P.J. Onori from The Noun Project. Hurricane designed by The Noun Project.

     India designed by Satheesh CK from The Noun Project. Information Technology designed by United Nations OCHA from The Noun Project.

     London Underground designed by Viktor Hertz from The Noun Project. Network designed by The Noun Project.

     Notebook designed by Brendan Lynch from The Noun Project. Picture designed by mooooyai from The Noun Project.

     United States designed by James Keuning from The Noun Project. User designed by Denis Chenu from The Noun Project.

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Mapping Experiences with Actor Network Theory

  • 1. Mapping Posthuman Experiences Liza Potts | WIDE Research | Michigan State University | @LizaPotts | lpotts@msu.edu
  • 2. mapping for experiences mapping systems help us understand uses, flow, states several types of mapping systems exist UML, basic flowcharting, activity theory diagrams, etc. we map before building apps, changing processes, etc. with a major focus on activities (verbs) often missing: actors (nouns) who/what participate in activities
  • 3. UML Unified Modeling Language traditional diagramming to design products, services, & processes drives the approach of systems design, software design, and process improvement use cases, activity diagrams, state diagrams, etc.
  • 4. use cases UML | action-oriented, verbs, single-participant / single-activity
  • 5. activity diagram UML | activity-oriented, flow, single-participant / single-activity
  • 6. sequence diagram UML | system-oriented, actions, two or more systems/ relaying activity
  • 7. missing component: context how can we map for experience w/o knowing who/what is there? need to know who participates before we can build for participation what people are involved? what technologies are available? what organizations are involved? what locations are involved (physical or virtual)? what events are occurring to spur action? what other people, places, things are part of the network?
  • 8. actor network theory actor-network theory (ANT) originated from Latour, Law, and Callon working in the field of STS, Latour shook up then-current theories in sociology by suggesting all participants (actors), whether they are human or nonhuman, have equal agency to affect any given situation actors come together to form temporary networks anchored by another actor, creating assemblages of relations specific to an individual act or broader event and forming a collective (an “actant”) an actant is a network comprising any actors—cell phones, blogs, people, etc—that have the ability to act and do act within the network
  • 9. ANT mapping a method for understanding the context of workplace technologies, organizations, and people before documenting tasks, processes, and workflows a way for researchers to visualize their field-based research (whether offline or online) as assemblages of people, organizations, and technologies
  • 10. why mapping provides a strong strategic view of the research spaces that technical communication scholars often explore diagramming the people, places, organizations, events, and technologies can empower design teams to know their audience’s context, relationships, and distribution before they attempt to create innovations diagrams can help teams reach common ground more quickly by collaboratively developing a shared understanding of the implications of their proposed product designs, policies, and services
  • 11. when to map when you want to know who is participating when you are trying to understand context before building any products, services, processes examining actors and networks provides a broader understanding of the people, organizations, technologies, groups, places, and events important to mediated systems
  • 12. how to map start on paper, whiteboard move on to some kind of digital tool for ease of sharing powerpoint / keynote omnigraffle / visio inkscape / illustrator find stencils Noun Project, clip art, etc. (basic = better)
  • 13. what to map look for actors who are active in the networks you are analyzing document only nouns - not verbs (use UML for that) nouns such as... people: moderator, commenter, poster, anchor organizations: CDC, Red Cross, MSU, EFF technologies: iPhone, Google Doc, Nexus7 objects: tweet (noun, not verb), blog post, video comment
  • 14. nouns human and non-human | people, places, things
  • 15. patterns using stencils or similar placeholders to identify similar objects
  • 16. relationships using stencils or similar placeholders to identify similar objects
  • 17. thank you! Obligatory book plug: First book in our new ATTW series from Routledge Coming Late Summer 2013 http://attw.org/publications/boo lpotts@ msu.edu | @LizaPotts
  • 18. references/recommendations Callon, M. (1986). Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St. Brieuc Bay. In J. Law (Ed.), Power, action, & belief. A new sociology of knowledge? (pp. 196–229). London: Routledge. Latour, B. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Latour, B. (1996). Aramis. Or the love of technology. (C. Porter, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Original work published 1993). Latour, B. (1999). Pandora’s hope: Essays on the reality of science studies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the social. New York: Oxford University Press. Law, J. (1992). Notes on the theory of the actor-network: Ordering, strategy and heterogeneity. Systems Practice, 5, 379–393. Mol, A., & Law, J. (1994). Regions, networks and fluids: Anaemia and social topology. Social Studies of Science, 24, 641–671. With thanks & attribution to the awesome artists of my icons:The Noun Project: http://thenounproject.com/using-symbols/ Bird designed by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project. Bomb designed by Adam M. Mullin from The Noun Project. Building designed by Nate Eul from The Noun Project. Calendar designed by Marcio Duarte from The Noun Project. Camera Phone designed by Roy Milton from The Noun Project. Circle designed by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project. Coastal designed by Iconathon from The Noun Project. Community designed by T. Weber from The Noun Project. Desk designed by James Thoburn from The Noun Project. Explosion designed by Renee Ramsey-Passmore from The Noun Project. Fax Machine designed by Braden Stranks from The Noun Project. Gears designed by Dima Yagnyuk from The Noun Project. Hash designed by P.J. Onori from The Noun Project. Hurricane designed by The Noun Project. India designed by Satheesh CK from The Noun Project. Information Technology designed by United Nations OCHA from The Noun Project. London Underground designed by Viktor Hertz from The Noun Project. Network designed by The Noun Project. Notebook designed by Brendan Lynch from The Noun Project. Picture designed by mooooyai from The Noun Project. United States designed by James Keuning from The Noun Project. User designed by Denis Chenu from The Noun Project.