This document discusses using Apache Drill and business intelligence (BI) tools to analyze network data stored in Hadoop. It provides examples of querying network packet captures, OpenStack data, and TCP metrics using SQL with tools like Tableau and SAP Lumira. The key benefits are interacting with diverse network data sources like JSON and CSV files without preprocessing, and gaining insights by combining network data with other data sources in the BI tools.

1. © 2015 MapR Technologies© 2015 MapR Technologies
Exploring Enterprise Networks with Familiar BI Tools

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On the Menu
• Discovery: why Hadoop + BI tools for analyzing networks?
• Network analysis in a BI context
• Apache Drill
• Connecting BI tools to network data
• Practical examples with Drill and BI
– Querying packets with Tableau
– Troubleshooting with SAP Lumira
– Gaining insight into customer experience across multiple sources
– Using built-in Drill features for faster analysis
• Summary, conclusions, more resources

3. © 2015 MapR Technologies
Topics not covered in detail…
• Packet capture architectures
• Ways to capture packets effectively
• Large-scale packet processing – others have done this
• Comparison of BI tools
• Survey of the best SQL-on-Hadoop technology

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There’s a lot happening in your network…
• Packets, logs, interconnections
• Many layers (L1-L7), “L8”
• Network data is multi-faceted…
– It’s serialized and highly structured
– It facilitates communication between heterogeneous devices via
common protocols
– But it’s not structured to be stored and analyzed
– The application often doesn’t care
– Consequently, specialized tooling and software is required

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Why Hadoop + BI tools?
• What does Hadoop enable that makes it a powerful tool for
network analytics?
• What’s new that wasn’t previous possible/desirable?
• How does it augment existing solutions?
• It’s many things:
– New ways of accessing semi-structured data from the network
– Offloading of existing data warehouses and tools
– Combining, joining, blending network captures with other sources
– Many network tools cannot answer questions about your business and
customers
– You can use SQL to get a lot of the answers you need

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New Data Sources Unlock New Insights & Apps
Existing structured data
• Well-defined and well-
understood schema
– OLTP data
– Data warehouse data
– End user data stores (e.g.,
Excel)
New multi-structured data
• Typically un-modeled,
different in format
– Network data
– Clickstream data
– Sensor data
– Rich media (e.g., audio, video)
– Documents
… both types are needed today for deeper insights

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1980 2000 20101990 2020
Fixed schema
DBA controls structure
Dynamic / Flexible schema
Application controls structure
NON-RELATIONAL DATASTORESRELATIONAL DATABASES
GBs-TBs TBs-PBsVolume
Database
Network data, like other data, is increasingly Stored in Non-
Relational Datastores
Structure
Development
Structured Structured, semi-structured and unstructured
Planned (release cycle = months-years) Iterative (release cycle = days-weeks)

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Apache Drill Brings Flexibility & Performance
Access to any data type, any data source
• Relational
• Nested data
• Schema-less
Rapid time to insights
• Query data in-situ
• No Schemas required
• Easy to get started
Integration with existing tools
• ANSI SQL
• BI tool integration
Scale in all dimensions
• TB-PB of scale
• 1000’s of users
• 1000’s of nodes
Granular Security
• Authentication
• Row/column level controls
• De-centralized

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Granular security permissions through Drill views
Name City State Credit Card #
Dave San Jose CA 1374-7914-3865-4817
John Boulder CO 1374-9735-1794-9711
Raw File (/raw/cards.csv)
Owner
Admins
Permission
Admins
Business Analyst Data Scientist
Name City State Credit Card #
Dave San Jose CA 1374-1111-1111-1111
John Boulder CO 1374-1111-1111-1111
Data Scientist View (/views/maskedcards.csv)
Not a physical data copy
Name City State
Dave San Jose CA
John Boulder CO
Business Analyst View
Owner
Admins
Permission
Business
Analysts
Owner
Admins
Permission
Data
Scientists

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Self-Service Data Exploration
Direct access to Hadoop data from familiar BI / Analytics tools- ANSI SQL compatible
Ad-hoc
Reporting
Queries
Raw Data
Exploration
Day Zero
queries
…

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Drill is a Distributed SQL query engine
drillbit
DataNode/Regi
onServer
drillbit
DataNode/Regi
onServer
drillbit
DataNode/Regi
onServer
ZooKeeper
ZooKeeper
ZooKeeper
…
 Scale out
 Columnar and Vectorized execution
 Optimistic and pipelined execution (no MR, Spark, Tez)
 Late binding
 Extensible

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- Sub-directory
- HBase namespace
- Hive database
Run SQL on Captures Directly
SELECT * FROM dfs.router1.`captures.json`
Workspace
- Pathnames
- Hive table
- HBase table
Table
- DFS (Text, Parquet, JSON)
- HBase/MapR-DB
- Hive Metastore/HCatalog
- Easy API to go beyond Hadoop
Storage plugin instance

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Network Analytics in a BI Context
• Getting results from BI tools requires SQL expertise
– Analytic techniques, visualizations, dashboarding
– Proprietary information about your operations
– Making sense of sources quickly
• New SQL-on-Hadoop (like Drill) technologies enable leveraging
this:
– To find new areas to gain value from combining your own proprietary
data with network sources
– Augment the analysis you’re doing now via use cases for packet data
you’re already storing in Hadoop
– Use data in real-time that’s too large to fit into memory and/or hits BI
tool limitations for analysis directly

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Hadoop Packet Processing Ecosystem
• Translating to various formats
– JSON
– CSV
– Parquet, others
• Packet ingestion
– Flume tcpdump source
– Direct from hardware vendors
• Northbound APIs
– Openstack and opendaylight
• More open source tools
– Packet processing in Pig, etc.

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Network Data Sources
• Data sources in the network are growing, changing
– Existing: tcpdump, SPAN, pcap
– New and more: SDN, NFV, REST APIs
• Often not suitable for analysis directly
– Requires building a schema
– ETL
– Structure is changing and evolving  ongoing management
– Large size, too big for memory

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REST APIs and JSON
• Self-describing data is common with REST APIs
– JSON
• Northbound APIs on almost everything in the network
– Enables access to many operational views
– But requires development work to pull it together
• SQL queries directly on the data is difficult
• Requires transformations, scripting, parsing

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View Drillbits information
in the cluster

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Manage storage plugin
instances through Web UI

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Monitor and
manage Drill queries

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See details of the query

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SAP Lumira and Wireshark Example -- Scenario
• Overview:
– Sensor data in JSON format being gathered multiple times daily from
remote locations
– Done over an IP network, each sensor has an IP address
• Problem
– One sensor is experiencing reading failures
– Network connectivity issues are suspected
• Solution Approach
– Take packet captures where we are reading sensors (central location) –
CSV-formatted Wireshark file
– Observe whether there are many TCP retransmissions happening
between the source and destination
– Ultimately, determine if the network is the problem and take action

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Summary
• Using Drill from SAP Lumira, and the JDBC driver
– We compared data across multiple sources
• Notice we didn’t do any ETL
– Or define any schema for the network data
• Using existing ANSI SQL knowledge to query the data without
transformations
– Not just on the network data, but combined with other sources
• Self-service

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Network Routing, OpenStack, JSON
• Link-state routing protocols (OSPF, IS-IS, Trill)
– Each participating node knows the topology of the entire network
– A dump of the database shows all nodes and adjacencies
– Physical and logical topology
– Other information (MPLS, etc.)
• OpenStack: pull networks, subnets, ports via REST API
– Use Drill Explorer to build a view
– Combine the data with device or customer information
• Enables visualizing the entire network quickly

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OpenStack Networking APIs Example
• JSON formatted responses
• Run queries without any data preparation
• Use of FLATTEN() for arbitrary maps

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FLATTEN()
• FLATTEN() is useful for exploration of data that is repeated
• Used on arrays
• Columns are repeated as necessary to maintain association with
each element of the array
• Example:
“host routes”: [
{
“destination” : “0.0.0.0/0”,
“nexthop”: “10.10.10.1”
},
{
“destination” : “192.168.10.0/24”,
“nexthop”: “192.168.0.1”,
},
…
]

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TCP Round-Trip Times Example
• TCP RTT can affect customer experience in many ways
– Not just loading pages
– Also interactive, AJAX, forms, etc.
• Much of this can be calculated with other tools, then visualized
– Complex to calculate on your own
• Only a part of overall performance story, but helpful
– Example: switching network providers, adding caches or optimizers

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Summary and Conclusions
• New SQL-on-Hadoop technologies enable network analysis in a BI
context
– Less time making schema, fewer requirements
– Easily supplement existing analysis
– Less need for specialized tools
• Apache Drill reduces the time required to get answers
– JSON analysis in place – interactive
– Queries and dashboards
– Integrated with BI tools out of the box
• Tableau, MicroStrategy, Qlikview, others
• More examples on github
– mapr-demos