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Building Successful
Employee Relationships
A Cornerstone to Fraud Prevention
and Risk Management
Building Successful
Employee Relationships
A Cornerstone to Fraud Prevention
and Risk Management
Building Successful
Employee Relationships
A Cornerstone to Fraud Prevention
and Risk Management
Ethics Webinar
Ethics, Integrity & Trust
Elaine Nissley, Principal
MBA, CISA, PMP, CRISC, CRMA
Internal Audit & Management Consulting
ENissley@macpas.com
www.macpas.com
Webinar Objectives
Understand the Connection Between Ethics, Integrity and Trust.
Understand Different Ethical Perspectives
Understand different Ethical Decision Making Frameworks.
Learn How to Apply an Ethical Decision Making Framework
Ethical Perspectives
COMMON
GOOD
JUSTICE
Ethical Perspective
Utilitarian/Results
Principle
Consequences
Greatest Happiness
Pleasure vs Pain
Cautions
Individual Perspective
Impact to the Masses
Ethical Perspective
Moral Rights
Principle
Protects and respects moral rights
Six Moral Rights
Consent
Privacy
Freedom of Conscience
Free Speech
Due Process
Life and Safety
Ethical Perspective
Fairness/Justice
Principle
 Fair distribution of benefits and burdens, consistency
People with similar characteristics are treated the same
Procedural
Clear rules
Consistently applied
Compensatory
Compensated for cost of injuries by responsible party
Party not responsible if they had no control over circumstances
Ethical Perspective
Common Good
Principle
Good of the whole
Part of a larger community
Corporate initiatives
Social Responsibility
Community Service
Ethical Perspective
Virtue
Principle
Moral character traits
Honesty, courage, faithfulness, trustworthiness, integrity
Individual
Human virtues
What sort of person one should be
Ethical
Framework
UTILITARIAN
RIGHTS
FAIRNESS
COMMON GOOD
VIRTUE
“Ethics consists of
knowing what we
ought to do, and
such knowledge can
be taught.” Socrates
Integrity & Trust
"The most important persuasion tool you have in your entire arsenal is
integrity." - Zig Ziglar
"Have the courage to say no. Have the courage to face the truth. Do the
right thing because it is right. These are the magic keys to living your life
with integrity." - W. Clement Stone
“Trust is the glue of life. It's the most essential ingredient in effective
communication. It's the foundational principle that holds all
relationships.” - Stephen Covey
Ethical Decision Making Frameworks
RESOLVEDD Model
 Jonathan Kvanig
Davis 7 Step Process
 Michael Davis
Markkula Framework
 Markkula Center for Applied Ethics
PLUS Model
 Ethics & Compliance Initiative
RESOLVEDD
R review the facts
E estimate the problem
S list possible solutions
O state probable outcomes or consequences of each solution
L describe the likely impact of the solution
V explain the values upheld or infringed upon
E evaluate solutions in terms of outcomes, likely impact and values
D decide on the best solution
D defend the decision against objection
Raymond Pfeiffer and Ralph Forsberg, editors, Ethics on the Job: Cases and Strategies (Third Edition, Wadsworth, 2004).
Davis 7-Step Process
1. State problem
2. Check facts
3. State specifications
4. Develop list of five options
6. Make a tentative choice
7. Make final choice
A. Harm test
B. Publicity test
C. Defensibility test
D. Reversibility test
E. Virtue test
F. Professional test
G. Colleague test
H. Organization test
Michael Davis, “Developing and Using Cases to Teach Practical Ethics”, Teaching Philosophy, Volume 20, December 1997, pp. 353-385
5 TEST OPTIONS
Markkula Framework
1. Recognize an Ethical Issue
2. Get the Facts
3. Evaluate Alternatives
4. Make a tentative choice
5. Make final choice
Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University.
Ethical Perspective
Plus
P = Policies
L = Legal
U = Universal
S = Self
Connects.ethics.org
Define
Problem
Define
Possible
Solutions
Evaluate
Alternatives
Implement
the
Solution
Evaluate
Outcomes
Apply Ethical Decision Making
Process
Code of Ethics/Conduct
Organizational
Professional
ETHICAL DECISION
APPLY
MODEL
CODE
Ethics, Integrity and Trust
Institute of
Internal
Auditors
Professional
Code
of Ethics
FRAMEWORK
INTEGRITY
OBJECTIVITY
CONFIDENTIALITY
COMPENTENCY
ethicsE
Summary
Integrity – consistency that establishes trust and provides the basis for
reliance on the auditor’s judgement.
Objectivity – Balanced assessment of all relevant circumstances, not
influenced by the auditor’s own interest or by the judgement of others.
Confidentiality – Respect for the value and ownership of information the
auditor receives. The auditor does not disclose information without
appropriate authority unless there is a legal or professional obligation.
Competency – Auditors have the knowledge skills and experience needed
to perform the services.
Internal Auditor Ethical Dilemma
Problem – You have just completed a governance audit of senior
management and the Board of Directors. There were several significant
findings. The President of the company asks you to change the report and
change or suppress many of the findings. It is quite clear that failure to
comply will result in the loss of your job.
Alternatives
1. Comply with the President’s request.
2. Compromise and reduce some of the findings but do not remove any
of the findings.
3. Report the incident through the organization’s hotline and do not
issue the report.
4. Issue the report with all of the findings intact and report the incident.
Evaluation of the Solutions
Alternative Solutions
1. Alter report as requested
2. Sugar coat the report
3. Whistleblow and do not issue
the report
4. Whistleblow and issue the
report
IIA Code of Ethics
Integrity
Objectivity
Confidentiality
Competency
Internal Auditor Ethical Dilemma
Implement the Decision
Issue the audit report
Report the President’s action on the Whistleblower Hotline.
Evaluate the Outcomes
The President terminates you.
You can still sleep at night
Human Resources investigates the whistleblower report
You are reinstated with back pay.
Hershey’s, Code of Ethical Business Conduct, Hershey, Pa. retrieved from www.thehersheycompany.com
Hershey’s Code of Ethical Business
Conduct
OUR COMMITMENT TO STOCKHOLDERS
We act honestly and transparently at all times, maintaining the trust our
stockholders have placed in us.
OUR COMMITMENT TO CONSUMERS
We maintain the trust consumers place in our brands, providing the best products
on the market and adhering to honest marketing practices.
OUR COMMITMENT TO THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY
We comply with all global trade laws, protecting our natural resources and
supporting the communities where we live, work and do business.
OUR COMMITMENT TO THE MARKETPLACE
We deal fairly with our business partners, competitors and suppliers, acting
ethically and upholding the law in everything we do.
Hershey’s, Code of Ethical Business Conduct, Hershey, Pa. retrieved from www.thehersheycompany.com
Ethical Dilemma
Problem – You have just received a tip on the hotline that factories in
China are requiring children to work ten hour days in poor environmental
conditions such as no ventilation and poor temperature controls.
Alternatives
1. Ignore the report because the organization’s most recent inspections
of the factories in China did not report these types of conditions.
2. Ignore since this is the only incident that has been reported.
3. Conduct a special investigation into the specific allegations.
4. Review the organization’s process for inspection of factories and use
the information from the tip to improve the process as needed to
address this concern.
Evaluation of the Solutions
Alternative Solutions
1. Rely on Company Inspections
2. Ignore and wait for additional
similar reports
3. Special Investigation
4. Assess and upgrade current
inspection process
Hershey Code of Ethical
Business Conduct
Maintain Stockholder Trust
Maintain Consumer Trust
Comply with Global Trade Laws
and Support Communities
Deal Fairly with Business
Partners, Competitors, and
Suppliers
Ethical Dilemma
Implement the Decision
Assess and upgrade current inspection processes.
Take action based upon the results of the assessment.
Evaluate the Outcomes
The company may need to conduct an inspection sooner than
planned
You have eliminated the risks of bad press and resulting reduced
market share.
Ethics, Integrity and Trust
Implementation of the Code
Written
Acknowledged
Training
Embedded in the culture
Evaluation
Socrates concluded that, “Ethics
consists of knowing what we
ought to do, and such knowledge
can be taught. “
DO YOU KNOW WHAT YOU DO NOT KNOW?
ETHICAL BUSINESS EVALUATION
Internal
External
THANK YOU!
Elaine Nissley, Principal
MBA, CISA, PMP, CRISC, CRMA
Internal Audit & Management Consulting
ENissley@macpas.com
www.macpas.com
Ethics, Integrity and Trust
Ethics, Integrity and Trust
Questions?
Elaine Nissley, Principal
MBA, CISA, PMP, CRISC, CRMA
Internal Audit & Management Consulting
ENissley@macpas.com
www.macpas.com

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Ethics, Integrity and Trust

  • 1. Building Successful Employee Relationships A Cornerstone to Fraud Prevention and Risk Management
  • 2. Building Successful Employee Relationships A Cornerstone to Fraud Prevention and Risk Management
  • 3. Building Successful Employee Relationships A Cornerstone to Fraud Prevention and Risk Management
  • 5. Elaine Nissley, Principal MBA, CISA, PMP, CRISC, CRMA Internal Audit & Management Consulting ENissley@macpas.com www.macpas.com
  • 6. Webinar Objectives Understand the Connection Between Ethics, Integrity and Trust. Understand Different Ethical Perspectives Understand different Ethical Decision Making Frameworks. Learn How to Apply an Ethical Decision Making Framework
  • 8. Ethical Perspective Utilitarian/Results Principle Consequences Greatest Happiness Pleasure vs Pain Cautions Individual Perspective Impact to the Masses
  • 9. Ethical Perspective Moral Rights Principle Protects and respects moral rights Six Moral Rights Consent Privacy Freedom of Conscience Free Speech Due Process Life and Safety
  • 10. Ethical Perspective Fairness/Justice Principle  Fair distribution of benefits and burdens, consistency People with similar characteristics are treated the same Procedural Clear rules Consistently applied Compensatory Compensated for cost of injuries by responsible party Party not responsible if they had no control over circumstances
  • 11. Ethical Perspective Common Good Principle Good of the whole Part of a larger community Corporate initiatives Social Responsibility Community Service
  • 12. Ethical Perspective Virtue Principle Moral character traits Honesty, courage, faithfulness, trustworthiness, integrity Individual Human virtues What sort of person one should be
  • 13. Ethical Framework UTILITARIAN RIGHTS FAIRNESS COMMON GOOD VIRTUE “Ethics consists of knowing what we ought to do, and such knowledge can be taught.” Socrates
  • 14. Integrity & Trust "The most important persuasion tool you have in your entire arsenal is integrity." - Zig Ziglar "Have the courage to say no. Have the courage to face the truth. Do the right thing because it is right. These are the magic keys to living your life with integrity." - W. Clement Stone “Trust is the glue of life. It's the most essential ingredient in effective communication. It's the foundational principle that holds all relationships.” - Stephen Covey
  • 15. Ethical Decision Making Frameworks RESOLVEDD Model  Jonathan Kvanig Davis 7 Step Process  Michael Davis Markkula Framework  Markkula Center for Applied Ethics PLUS Model  Ethics & Compliance Initiative
  • 16. RESOLVEDD R review the facts E estimate the problem S list possible solutions O state probable outcomes or consequences of each solution L describe the likely impact of the solution V explain the values upheld or infringed upon E evaluate solutions in terms of outcomes, likely impact and values D decide on the best solution D defend the decision against objection Raymond Pfeiffer and Ralph Forsberg, editors, Ethics on the Job: Cases and Strategies (Third Edition, Wadsworth, 2004).
  • 17. Davis 7-Step Process 1. State problem 2. Check facts 3. State specifications 4. Develop list of five options 6. Make a tentative choice 7. Make final choice A. Harm test B. Publicity test C. Defensibility test D. Reversibility test E. Virtue test F. Professional test G. Colleague test H. Organization test Michael Davis, “Developing and Using Cases to Teach Practical Ethics”, Teaching Philosophy, Volume 20, December 1997, pp. 353-385 5 TEST OPTIONS
  • 18. Markkula Framework 1. Recognize an Ethical Issue 2. Get the Facts 3. Evaluate Alternatives 4. Make a tentative choice 5. Make final choice Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University. Ethical Perspective
  • 19. Plus P = Policies L = Legal U = Universal S = Self Connects.ethics.org Define Problem Define Possible Solutions Evaluate Alternatives Implement the Solution Evaluate Outcomes
  • 20. Apply Ethical Decision Making Process Code of Ethics/Conduct Organizational Professional ETHICAL DECISION APPLY MODEL CODE
  • 23. Summary Integrity – consistency that establishes trust and provides the basis for reliance on the auditor’s judgement. Objectivity – Balanced assessment of all relevant circumstances, not influenced by the auditor’s own interest or by the judgement of others. Confidentiality – Respect for the value and ownership of information the auditor receives. The auditor does not disclose information without appropriate authority unless there is a legal or professional obligation. Competency – Auditors have the knowledge skills and experience needed to perform the services.
  • 24. Internal Auditor Ethical Dilemma Problem – You have just completed a governance audit of senior management and the Board of Directors. There were several significant findings. The President of the company asks you to change the report and change or suppress many of the findings. It is quite clear that failure to comply will result in the loss of your job. Alternatives 1. Comply with the President’s request. 2. Compromise and reduce some of the findings but do not remove any of the findings. 3. Report the incident through the organization’s hotline and do not issue the report. 4. Issue the report with all of the findings intact and report the incident.
  • 25. Evaluation of the Solutions Alternative Solutions 1. Alter report as requested 2. Sugar coat the report 3. Whistleblow and do not issue the report 4. Whistleblow and issue the report IIA Code of Ethics Integrity Objectivity Confidentiality Competency
  • 26. Internal Auditor Ethical Dilemma Implement the Decision Issue the audit report Report the President’s action on the Whistleblower Hotline. Evaluate the Outcomes The President terminates you. You can still sleep at night Human Resources investigates the whistleblower report You are reinstated with back pay.
  • 27. Hershey’s, Code of Ethical Business Conduct, Hershey, Pa. retrieved from www.thehersheycompany.com
  • 28. Hershey’s Code of Ethical Business Conduct OUR COMMITMENT TO STOCKHOLDERS We act honestly and transparently at all times, maintaining the trust our stockholders have placed in us. OUR COMMITMENT TO CONSUMERS We maintain the trust consumers place in our brands, providing the best products on the market and adhering to honest marketing practices. OUR COMMITMENT TO THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY We comply with all global trade laws, protecting our natural resources and supporting the communities where we live, work and do business. OUR COMMITMENT TO THE MARKETPLACE We deal fairly with our business partners, competitors and suppliers, acting ethically and upholding the law in everything we do. Hershey’s, Code of Ethical Business Conduct, Hershey, Pa. retrieved from www.thehersheycompany.com
  • 29. Ethical Dilemma Problem – You have just received a tip on the hotline that factories in China are requiring children to work ten hour days in poor environmental conditions such as no ventilation and poor temperature controls. Alternatives 1. Ignore the report because the organization’s most recent inspections of the factories in China did not report these types of conditions. 2. Ignore since this is the only incident that has been reported. 3. Conduct a special investigation into the specific allegations. 4. Review the organization’s process for inspection of factories and use the information from the tip to improve the process as needed to address this concern.
  • 30. Evaluation of the Solutions Alternative Solutions 1. Rely on Company Inspections 2. Ignore and wait for additional similar reports 3. Special Investigation 4. Assess and upgrade current inspection process Hershey Code of Ethical Business Conduct Maintain Stockholder Trust Maintain Consumer Trust Comply with Global Trade Laws and Support Communities Deal Fairly with Business Partners, Competitors, and Suppliers
  • 31. Ethical Dilemma Implement the Decision Assess and upgrade current inspection processes. Take action based upon the results of the assessment. Evaluate the Outcomes The company may need to conduct an inspection sooner than planned You have eliminated the risks of bad press and resulting reduced market share.
  • 33. Implementation of the Code Written Acknowledged Training Embedded in the culture Evaluation Socrates concluded that, “Ethics consists of knowing what we ought to do, and such knowledge can be taught. “
  • 34. DO YOU KNOW WHAT YOU DO NOT KNOW? ETHICAL BUSINESS EVALUATION Internal External
  • 35. THANK YOU! Elaine Nissley, Principal MBA, CISA, PMP, CRISC, CRMA Internal Audit & Management Consulting ENissley@macpas.com www.macpas.com
  • 38. Questions? Elaine Nissley, Principal MBA, CISA, PMP, CRISC, CRMA Internal Audit & Management Consulting ENissley@macpas.com www.macpas.com