Bangla preparation for competitive examinations

1. 1
e¨vKiY
evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi BwZnvm
fvlv
kã cÖKiY
mgv_©K kã
wecixZ kã
GK K_vq cÖKvk
evbvb
m‡gv‪PvwiZ kã
evMaviv
cvwifvwlK kã
cÖev` cÖePb
Abyev`
mwÜ
mgvm
KviK
aŸwbeY©
cyiæl I ¯¿xevPK kã
mvwnZ¨
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i mswÿß BwZnvm
Kwe mvwnwZ¨K‡`i Rb¥, g„Zz¨ I cyi¯‥vi
mvwnwZ¨K‡`i mvwnZ¨Kg©
cÖeZ©K, RbK
Dcvwa I QÙbvg
¸iæZ¡c~Y© PwiÎ
PiY, D×…wZ Ges evYx
e¨vs‡Ki cixÿvq †h me welq †_‡K cÖk′ Av‡m

2. 2
evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi mswÿß BwZnvm
01| wLª÷c~e© mßg kZ‡K cvwYwb cÖ_g e¨KiY iPbv K‡ib
ms¯‥…Z fvlvq hvi bvg wQj ÒAóva¨vqxÓ|
02| cÖ_g evsjv e¨KiY iPbv K‡ib g¨vby‡qj `¨ Avmmy¤úmuvD
1734 mv‡j cZz©wMR fvlvq|
03| cÖ_g evsjv e¨KiY cÖKvwkZ nq 1743 mv‡j, cZz©MxR
fvlvq, ‡ivgvb ni‡d|
04| me©cÖ_g cZzM©xR fvlvq iwPZ evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi bvg
Vocabolario em idioma Bengalla, e
portuzuez dividido em duas partes.
05| Bs‡iRx‡Z cÖ_g evsjv e¨KiY iPbv K‡ib b¨v_vwb‡qj
eªvwm n¨vj‡nW 1778 mv‡j| Zvi e¨Ki‡Yi bvg A
Grammar of the Bengali Language|
06| ev½vjx‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g evsjv e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib ivRv
ivg‡gvnb ivq 1826 mv‡j Bs‡iRx fvlvq| Zvi †jLv
e¨vKi‡Yi bvg Bengali Grammar in English
Language|
07| evsjv fvlvq cÖ_g evsjv e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib ivRv
ivg‡gvnb ivq 1833 mv‡j| Zvi e¨vKi‡Yi bvg wQj
†M․oxq e¨vKiY|
08| W: gyn¤§` knx`yjøvni †jLv e¨vKi‡Yi bvg Ôev½vjv
e¨vKiYÕ (1935)|
09| W: mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi †jLv e¨vKi‡Yi
bvg Òfvlv cÖKvk ev½vjv e¨vKiYÓ (1939)|
evsjv fvlvi mswÿß BwZnvm
1. fvlvi g~j Dcv`vb- aŸwb|
2. fvlvi g~j DcKiY- evK¨|
3. evsjv fvlv B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq fvlv †Mvôxi AšÍM©Z|
4. W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn Gi g‡Z evsjv fvlvi Rb¥ nq
†M․oxq Acåsk †_‡K 650 wLª÷v‡ã A_©vr mßg
kZvãx‡Z|
5. W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq Gi g‡Z evsjv fvlvi Rb¥ nq
950 wLª÷v‡ã A_©vr `kg kZ‡K gvMax Acåsk †_‡K|
6. evsjv fvlvi fwMœ m¤úK©xq fvlv mg~n nj Amwgqv I
Iwoqv|
7. evsjv fvlvi D™¢e I weKvk m¤ú‡K© W. mybxwZ Kzgvi
P‡Ævcva¨vq GKwU eB wj‡Lb hvi bvg – ‘Origin and
Development of Bengali Language.
8. m¨vi RR© wMÖqvm©b- Gi g‡Z evsjv fvlvi DrcwË - gvMax
cÖvK…Z †_‡K|
9. m¨vi RR© wMÖqvm©‡bi gZ‡K mg_©b w`‡q‡Qb - W:
mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq|
10. evsjv fvlvi AvbygvwbK eqm - cÖvq †`o nvRvi eQi|
11. eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z fvlv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q - mv‡o wZb nvRv‡ii
†ewk|
12. eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z evsjv fvlv e¨enviKvixi msL¨v KZ-
cÖvq PweŸk †KvwU|
13. c„w_ex‡Z mKj fvlvi g‡a¨ evsjv fvlvi Ae¯ vb - mßg|
14. fvlve¨enviKvix †jvKmsL¨vi we‡ePbvq evsjv fvlvi
Ae¯ vb - PZz_©|
15. Official language ev `vßwiK cwifvlv wnmv‡e evsjv
fvlvi Ae¯ vb - `kg|
evsjv fvlvi kã m¤¢vi
Zrmg (ms¯‥…Z) kã
K) Y, l, ¶, F, t : hy³ kã mg~n Zrmg (ms¯‥…Z) kã|
†hgbÑ jeY, e„¶, `x¶v, wk¶v, Fwl, KY©, P¶z BZ¨vw`|
L) evsjv mvZ ev‡ii bvg I ev‡iv gv‡mi bvg Zrmg/ms¯‥…Z
kã| †hgbÑ kwb, iwe, †mvg, Avlvp, kªveY, fv`ª BZ¨vw`|
M) `k w`‡Ki bvg Zrmg kã| †hgbÑ DËi, `w¶Y, c~e©,
cwðg, ClvY, evqy, AwMœ, •biær, EaŸ©, Aat|
N) gnvKvk msµvšÍmKj kã Zrmg kã| †hgbÑ P›`ª, m~h©,
b¶Î, MÖn, DcMÖn, Dév, bxnvwiKv, a~g‡KZz BZ¨vw`|
O) wn›`y ag© msµvšÍmKj kã Zrmg kã| †hgbÑ †`e, †`ex,
ivgvqY, gnvfviZ, c~Rv BZ¨vw`|
P) ms¯‥…Z DcmM©, ms¯‥…Z cÖZ¨q Ges wemM© mwÜ mvwaZ mKj
kã Zrmg kã| †hgbÑ welgxfeb, mylg, gvbe, hv`e,
cvÐe BZ¨vw`|
Aa©Zrmg kã
Aa©Zrmg kãmg~n g~j kãmg~n †_‡K weK…Z n‡e|
†hgbÑ
Kv‡qZ (Kvq¯ ) cjøxi cyiæZ (cy‡ivwnZ) myiæh (m~h©)
†Wvevi ci P‱`‡ii (P‱`ª) †RvQbv (†R¨vrm′v) ivwˇi (ivwÎ) wgwËi
(wgÎ) cvovi †Mi¯ (M„nv¯ ) evwo‡Z †M‡jb †K‡óv (K…ò) VvKz‡ii
hwÁ (hÁ) Ki‡Z| AvR ew`¨ (•e`¨) VvKz‡ii †Qiv‡Ï (kªv‡×)
Zvi g‰Íi (g‰¿) covi †bg‰¿Y′ (wbg‰¿Y) wQj| wKš‧ wewói (e„wó)
Kvi‡Y AvR †Miv‡gi (MÖvg) wQwi (kªx) Kzw‪QZ (KzrwmZ) n‡q
†M‡Q| Pvwiw`‡K Kv`vq cv co‡Z †Nb′vq (N„Yv) Zvi MZi (MvÎ)
Dwë‡q Avm‡Z jvMj| KvR †kl K‡i wZwb †L‡Z em‡jb| wKš‧
Lvev‡i †mvqv` (¯^v`) GZB wew‪Qwi (wekªx) †h Zvi wcwË (wcË)
R¡‡j hvw‪Qj| LveviUv Dw‪Qó (Drm„ó) g‡b n‡Z jvMj| Zvi
civY (cÖvY) hvq Ae¯ v Ae‡k‡l hZ‡bi (h‡Z′i) mv‡_ m°j
(mKj) †K †cb′vg (cÖYvg) Rvwb‡q P‡j †M‡jb|

3. 3
Z ¢e kã
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e:- LuvwU evsjv kã nj Z™¢e kã| †`kx kã LuvwU
evsjv kã bq|
‡hgb:- KvbvB (K…ò) Ges Zvi eD evwo †_‡K cv-G nvUv cvnvwo
(cvnvo) gvwUi iv¯Ívi euvK †cwo‡q Puv‡`i nv‡U †M‡jb| fvj K‡i
nvZ gyL ay‡q gv_vq cvwb w`‡q Zviv gvQ w`‡q fvZ †Lj| Zviv
`BI †Lj| wKš‧ mv‡_ UvKv Kg _vKvq Zvi eD AvuP‡j evav UvKv
†ei K‡i w`j| Ae‡k‡l Puv‡`i Zviv Av‡jvq evwo wdij|
‡`kx kã
‡bov eûw`b c‡i evwo‡Z hvIqvq Zvi gv Zvi LvIqv wb‡q
A‡bK hZœ Ki‡jb| wZwb Kzjv fwZ© †XuwK QvUv PvDj, huvZvq fv½v
Wvj wb‡q cvwZ‡j K‡i Pzjvq Pvcv‡jb ivbœvi Rb¨| wZwb Pzjv
R¡vjv‡jb Lo, Kzov Avi Kqjv w`‡q|
Zvi gv hLb ivbœv Ki‡Qb †bov Nyi‡Z †e‡iv‡jb Ges
†`L‡jb IuZ †c‡Z _vKv GKwU evNWvk Zv‡`i Kv‡jv †Lvov cvVv
wU‡K Kvgo w`‡q‡Q| Zv †`‡L wZwb P‡j †M‡jb MÖv‡gi c‡_|
†`L‡jb Z‡`i †QvU LywK †Lvcv K‡i †NvgUv c‡o RjcvB Mv‡Qi
‡Mvovq e‡m _vbKzwb cvZv Zzj‡Q|
evwo †divi mgq wZwb guvPv †_‡K avgv fwZ© wS½v, ay‱`j I
jvD wb‡q wdi‡jb| Ae‡k‡l wZwb †cU f‡i Lvevi †L‡jb mewR,
†Usiv gv‡Qi †Svj, KvZjv, MRvi I †Pjv gv‡Qi †cvbv w`‡q|
we‡K‡j wZwb gB w`‡q MvQ †_‡K KzwoUv WvMi (Wv½i) Wve
cvi‡jb c‡i wZwb wWw½ wb‡q M‡Ä †M‡jb| †mLvb †_‡K evZvmv,
aywZ, †Xvj I †Uvco wKb‡jb| evwo †divi c‡_ jvwV w`‡q ev`yo
I †Xvov mvc Zvwo‡q b`x‡Z †XD Zz‡j evwo wdi‡jb|
we‡`kx kã
evsjv fvlvq wewfbœ we‡`kx fvlv †_‡K A‡bK¸‡jv
we‡`kx kã G‡m‡Q| Z‡e wewfbœ fvlv †_‡K ag© msµvšÍA‡bK kã
G‡m‡Q| ZvB mn‡R g‡b ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g Pj ag© msµvšÍ kã
mg~‡ni QKwU †`wL|
Aviwe: gv`ªvmvi gmwR‡` gyqvw¾‡bi Avhvb ï‡b gymwjøiv GKwÎZ
n‡jb| †`vqv †k‡l Bgvg mv‡ne d‡Zvqv w`‡jb †h- Avjøvn&
KziAv‡bi Avqv‡Z gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ Kvwjgv, mvjvZ, mvIg, nR¡,
hvKvZ, dih K‡i‡Qb| `ywbqvi Gme Kivi †hvM¨Zv _vKvi ciI
hviv Ki‡eb bv Zv‡`i Cgvb bvB| Zviv Kvwdi| hviv imy‡ji
†`Lv‡bv c‡_ Bev`vZ Ki‡eb AvwLiv‡Z Zviv cv‡eb Rvb′vZ| Avi
hviv nvivg, nvjvj c‡ivqv Ki‡eb bv nvk‡ii gq`v‡b cv‡eb
Rvnvb′vg|
dviwm: †Lv`v †d‡ikZv wb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb ¸bvn& wnmve Kivi Rb¨|
bvgvh, †ivhv Ki‡j †e‡nkZ bB‡j †`vhL|
cZz©wMR: wMR©vi cvw`ª µzk c‡o hxïi evYx cÖPvi K‡ib|
ms¯‥…Z/Zrmg: ivgvqY gnvfvi‡Zi †jLKiv, Fwliv †`e †`ex‡`i
c~Rvi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv K‡ib| Zviv †`Lvb †e` I MxZvi †`Lv‡bv
gv‡M© hviv c_ Pj‡e Zv‡`i Rb¨ ¯^M© Zviv _vK‡e †`e‡jv‡K|
Ab¨_vq Avevi cybR©b¥ n‡e Ges Zvi ci ‡h‡Z n‡e bi‡K †hLv‡b
mKj cvcvZ¥vi wVKvbv|
Aviwe kã
evsjv fvlvq e¨eüZ cÖvq mKj AvBb msµvšÍkã Aviwe kã|
gRvi welq nj ÔAvBbÕ| ke`wUB Avevi dviwm kã| wKQz
D`vniY wb‡gœ †`Iqv nj:-
AvBb msµv‰Íkã
Av`vj‡Zi mvg‡bi gq`v‡b DwKj, †gv³vi, gyûwi, gy‡Ýd,
`vjvj I Avmvwgmn A‡b‡KB †gvKÏgvi Kvi‡Y Rgv‡qZ
n‡q‡Qb| Rjw` mK‡j GRjv‡m nvwK‡gi mvg‡b R‡ov n‡jb|
`wjj RvwjqvwZi ARynv‡Z gvgjv| IRi I ‣KwdqZ †kvbvi ci
nvwKg Kvq`v-Kvbyb wnmve K‡i Avmvwg‡`i GKRb‡K Rwigvbv
Ki‡jb AciRb‡K nvR‡Zi ûKzg w`‡jb| wKš‧ D‪PZi Av`vjZ
gvgjv LvwiR K‡i gvgjv i` K‡i w`‡jb|
wk¶v DcKiY I wk¶v msµv‰Íkã
gv`ivmv I g³‡e Qv·`i KziAv‡bi wZjvIqvZ I ZR©gvi
Dci Zvwjg †`Iqv nq| Zv‡`i c¶ †_‡KB Mwie wk¶v_x©‡`i
†`vqvZ, Kjg I wKZve †`Iqv nq G‡jg jv‡fi Rb¨| cÖwZ eQi
gnii‡gi w`b Qv·`i mb` cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
e¨emv msµv‰ÍZ_¨
gmjv e¨emv‡qi gvwjK gvZeŸi mv‡ne wm‱`yK †_‡K Znwe‡ji
A_© wb‡q e¨emv ïiæ Kij| wKš‧ LvRbv msµvšÍ wnmve wbKv‡k
Mj` nIqvq Zv‡`i e¨emv‡q †Kvb jvfB njbv| Aciw`‡K
Zzdv‡b RvnvR Wywei Kvi‡Y A‡bK †jvKmvb nIqvq †m dZzi n‡q
dwKi n‡q †Mj|
wewea
C‡`i w`b mKv‡j myjZvb Ges beve bv‡qe‡K mv‡_ wb‡q
dwKi I gymvwdi‡`i mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡jb| Aci w`‡K Avwgi Gi
Kb¨v ‡g․mygx Zvi KÉ mvd K‡i †gvjv‡qg ¯^‡i Zejv I Zvbcyiv
wb‡q MR‡ji †iIqvR KiwQj| Zvi GB MR‡ji myi †fv‡ii
nvIqvq ‡f‡m Qwo‡q coj|
dviwm kã
cÖkvmwbK kã
ev`kvn& Zvi `iev‡i e‡m ev‱`v‡`i bvwjk wb‡q KvR Ki‡Qb| AvR
dwiqv` G‡m‡Q †Mvg¯Ív I †ckKvi-Gi bv‡g| Zviv iOgnj bvgK
j¯‥iLvbvi `v‡ivqv‡bi KvQ †_‡K †e-AvBwb fv‡e eLwmm wb‡q‡Q|
miKvi cÖavb nIqvq wZwb Zv ei`v¯Íbv K‡i digvb cvwV‡q wmcvwn Øviv
Zv‡`i ‡MÖdZvi Kij| Zv‡`i KvivMv‡i wb‡q Zv‡`i Revbew‱` †bIqv
nj| †Mv‡q‱`viv Z`šÍKij| †e-kig, e¾vZ‡`i KvimvwR aiv covq
Zv‡`i cÖ_‡g eiLv¯Í c‡Î ev`kvn& `¯ÍLZ Ki‡jb| Zvici `yÕRb

4. 4
cv‡jvqvb †Kv‡Zvqvj Zv‡`i Rjøv`‡`i nv‡Z n¯ÍvšÍi Kij| Ae‡k‡l
†Mvj‱`vR I Zxi‱`vR‡`i Øviv Zv‡`i g„Zz¨`Û †`Iqv nj|
e¨emvq msµv‰ÍZ_¨
Pkgvi KviLvbvq KvwiMiiv A‡bK †Lvk †gRvR wb‡q Lvmv
K‡i Pkgv •Zwi Kij| ‣Zwii ci †mwU‡K weµ‡qi Rb¨ †bqv nj
e‱`‡ii evRv‡ii `iMvi cv‡k †`vKv‡b| †`vKvb`vi bgybv wn‡m‡e
wKQz Pkgv Szwj‡q ivL‡jb| LwiÏviiv G‡m Zv‡`i †cvkvK I
†Pnvivi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`L‡jb| cQ‱` n‡j Lye Lywk n‡q Lwi`
Ki‡jb| Pkgv †`vKvb †_‡K LyPiv I cvBKvwi `yB fv‡eB wewµ
nj| †m․wLbiv Avg`vwb Kiv Pkgv e¨envi K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K
A‡bK Pkgv ißvwb Kiv nq|
wewea
bZzb RvgvZv k¦ïi evwo hvevi †ejvq ¯¿xi Rb¨ evMvb evwMPv
†_‡K †Mvjvc MvwjPv wbj, k¦vïwii Rb¨ Rvg`vwb kvwo wbj Ges
k¦ï‡ii Rb¨ `wR©i †`vKvb †_‡K †ikwg Kvc‡oi cvqRvgv, cvÄvwe
I iægvj wbj| Lvb`vwb es‡ki k¦ïi evwo‡Z Zvi AvMg‡b
†kvi‡Mvj c‡o †Mj| mK‡j Avb‡›` †eûk n‡q †Mj| Zvi Rb¨ vi
cQ‡›`i Mig Lvbvi e‡‱`ve¯ÍKiv nj| Zvi Rb¨ ivav nj †gviM,
†cvjvI, wewiqvwb, Svj †MvmZ, mewR Ges RÏ©v| LvIqvi ci
Zv‡K ZigyR LvIqv‡bv nj| Ae‡k‡l mvbvB evwR‡q Zv‡K we`vq
†`Iqv nj|
 iOabyi mvZ i‡Oi bxj (Zrmg) ev‡` evwK iO¸‡jvi bvg
dviwm kã|
 wci mv‡ne †ivR mKv‡j wgwn ckwg Kvco c‡o †ivkbvB fv‡e
kvM‡i`‡`i mv‡_ †`Lv K‡ib| †mw`wb mKv‡j GK mivBLvbv
†_‡K GK kqZvb‡K †Rvi K‡i a‡i Avbv nj| wci mv‡ne Zvi
`iRvi big Z³vi Ici e‡m †cqvjv nv‡Z Zvi wePvi Ki‡jb|
wePv‡i Rvbvjvi KvV w`‡q Awfhy³i †Kvg‡i wcwU‡q Zv‡K
bv¯Ívbvey` K‡i Zvi †n¯Í‡b¯ÍKiv nj|
ZzwK© kã
Lvb mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z Zvi DReyK eveywP©i Ni †_‡K †eMg
mv‡n‡ei AvjLvjøv w`‡q evbv‡bv †evPKvq fiv jvk cvIqv †Mj|
`v‡ivMv evey Lvb mv‡n‡ei Ni †_‡K †Zvc, e‱`yK, PvKz, eviæ` I
KuvwP †µvK Kij Ges Zv‡K Kvey K‡i a‡i wb‡q †Mj| Ae‡k‡l
Zvi evev, `v`v-`vw` I bvbv-bvwb `v‡ivMv mv‡ne‡K Kzwb©k K‡i
gyP‡jKv w`‡q Zv‡K Qvwo‡q Avbj|
cZ©ywMR kã
eo †Q‡j ¯‥z‡j hvevi ci Avqv Zvi Rb¨ B¯úv‡Zi
Avjgvwii †fZ‡i Mvgjvq K‡i AuvZv, †cu‡c, †cqviv, Avbvim I
Ab¨vb¨ Lvevi ivLj| wKš‧ Zvi †QvU †Q‡j Pvwe nvwi‡q †djj|
c‡i wgw¯¿, evjwZ‡Z K‡i AvjKvZiv, Avjwcb I †c‡iK G‡b
Zvjv Lyjj| Zvi eo †Q‡j ¯‥zj †_‡K G‡m mvevb, †Zvqvjv,
evjwZ I gM wb‡q †Mvmj Kij| †Mvmj m¤úbœ K‡i †m dj¸‡jv
†Lj AviI †Lj AvPvi Ges †evgv gvK©v cvDiæwU| c‡i Kvgiv
†_‡K eviv‱`vq †ewo‡q †K`vivq e‡m †envjv evRvw‪Qj| Zvi
D‡Ïk¨ wQj cv‡ki KvwY©‡k KvwgR cov I gv_vq wdZv euvav GK
†g‡q‡K Lywk Kiv| wKš‧ †g‡qi fvB wc¯Íj wb‡q Avkvq †m fq
†c‡q †Mj Ges Kvgivq wd‡i †Mj|
divwm kã
‡i‡bmuvi mgq divwm K¨v‡d †i‡¯Íviuvq Bs‡iR I Ij‱`vRiv
e‡m we¯‥zU †L‡Z †L‡Z AvuZvZ KiwQj †h- mKj KvZz©R
ey‡R©vqv‡`i M¨v‡i‡Ri wW‡cv‡Z ivLv n‡e Ges Kzc‡bi gva¨‡g
n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv n‡e|
Rvcvwb kã
c¨v‡MvWvi cvw`ª Kviv‡Z P¨vw¤úqb mybvwg nvwiwKwii c~e©vfvm
ï‡b f‡q nvm′v‡nbv evMv‡b AvZ¥nZ¨v Kij| c‡i Zv‡K cÖ_‡g
wi·vq Ges c‡i mv¤úv‡b K‡i wb‡q hvIqv nj|
mgv_©K kã
 AwM′ t Abj, ewý, cveK ,ûZvkb, ‣ek¦vbi, R¡jb,K…lvYy,
wkLver,wkwLby, evqymLv, ûZfyK, kywP, wc½j, wek¦cv,
wngviwZ,evqymLv, Awbj, mL, mßvsky, me©fyK ,wkLv|
 Ak¦ t †Nvov, †NvUK, nq ,evRx, ZziM, Zzi½g, †kªô, evnb,
‡n«lv, giæ`ª_, †NvUKx, †Nvox, evgx, eoev|
 AvKvk t A¤^i, †e¨vg, bf, MMb, AšÍix¶, k~b¨‡jvK,
Avmgvb, `y¨‡jvK, bxwjgv, k~b¨, AbšÍ, myic_, A¤^i‡jvK,
L‡jvK, L‡Mvj, b¶Î‡jvK, B_vi, b‡fv‡jvK, b‡fvgÐj,
bf¯ j, Qvqv‡jvK|
 Ck¦i t Avjøv, †Lv`v, Bjvnx, mªóv, wek¦cwZ, ci‡gk¦i ,
RM`xk¦i, RM`xk, RMrcwZ, RMrwcZv,RMrmªóv, RMbœv_,
RMb¥q, fvM¨eÜz, Avw`bv_, c„w_¡k, Ag‡ik, AšÍhv©gx,
†jvKbv_, cigcyiæl, ci‡gk¦i, cigvZ¥v, c‡ik, ci‡gk, wefy
avZv, RMØÜz|
 Kb¨v t ‡g‡q, Kb¨v, bw›`bx, Zbqv, `ywnZv, AvZ¥m¤¢ev, cywÎKv,
`vwiKv, ZbyRv, gvBqv, `yjvjx, cyÎx, Kzgvix, K‡b , Sx, †ewU,
wSqvix, AvZ¥Rv|
 ‡KvwKj t †Kv‡qj, wcK, cif„Z, cicyó, Ab¨cyó, KvKcyó,
Kj‡Nvl, emšÍmLv, emšÍx, emšÍ`~Z, emšÍ †Nvl, Kyûg›`ª,
gay‡Nvl, †Kv‡qwjqv, KvKcy‪Q|
 ‡Kk/Pzj t AjK, wPKzi, KzšÍj, Pzj, Keix|
 Pvu` t P›`ª, myavKi, kkx, kkai, kkv¼, wØRivR, wea~, †mvg ,
P›`ªgv, wbkvcwZ, wbkvPi, myavwbwa, wngvsï, myavsky ,myavKi,
B›`y , kxZvsï, g„Mv¼, wbkvbv_, iRbxKvšÍ, ZvivcwZ,
Zvivbv_, †R¨vrmœvbv_, iv‡Kk , myavwbwa|
 ‡XD t Ewg©, exwP , Zi½, K‡jøvj, D‡jøvj, wn‡jøvj, exwPgvjv,
jni , jnix, gnvZi¶v, g‡nvwg©, RjK‡jøvj †Rvqvi ,
Zi½f½, Zi½gvjv, Zi½jnix, †KvUvj, N~wY©|

5. 5
 Zxi t ZU, cywjb, •mKZ, K~j, wKbvi, Avkªq, Aewa, avi,
cvo, ki|
 w`b t w`em, An, Aý, evi ,†ivR, evmi, AnivÎ, w`bivwÎ,
w`emiRbx, w`bhvwgbx, mveb ,PweŸkN›Uv, AócÖni, AvUcÖni|
 bvix t igbx, ivgv, evgv, Aejv, gwnjv, ¯¿x, †g‡q, †g‡qgvbyl,
†g‡q‡Q‡j, jjbv, A½bv, gvbex, gvbweKv, Kvwgbx, AvIivZ ,
†Rbvbv, †NvwlZv, †Nvlv, Rvwb, evjv, ewbZv, fvgvbx, keix,
cÖZxc`wk©bx, ¯¿x‡jvK, fvwgbx|
 b`x t b`, b`-b`x, ZwUbx, cÖevwnbx, ‣kevwjbx, †mªvZw¯^bx,
†mªvZ¯^Zx, wbS©wiYx, `wiqv, MvO, mwir, mgy`ªKvšÍv, mgy`ª`wqZv,
†mªv‡Zvenv, g›`vwKbx, †mªv‡Zven, K‡jøvwjbx|
 cvwb t Rj, evwi, mwjj, Ac, bxi , D`K, D`, †Zvq, eviæY,
cÖb`, Biv, Bjv, cy®‥i , m¤¢e , Zvgi, kx‡ZvËg, Rxeb |
 cvwL t wenM, wen½, kKzšÍ, LM, wØR, AšÍR, †LPi, cÎM,
cÎx, c¶ai, wPwoqv, cvL-cvLvwj|
 cÙ t Kgj, Drcj, c¼R, Kzgy` , ‣Kie, Kyej, Kz‡ej,
A‡šÍvR, Kzejq, Kzgy`x, kZ`j, Aiwe›`, bwjb,ivRxe,
bwjbx, m‡ivR, m‡ivwRg , mwjjR, wemKzmyg, wemR, ivwÎnvm,
KvÄ, bxiR, Bw›`ivjq, Kz‡kkq, bxjcÙ, bx‡jvrcj, bxj
Kgj, jvjcÙ, i³Kzgy`, i³Kgj, †k¦Z Kgj|
 ce©Z t wMwi, ‣kj, cvnvo, Aw`ª, f~ai, gnxai, bM, APj,
k„½ai, wMwiai, bvMvwaivR, w¶wZai, †gw`bxai, c„w_exai,
c„_¡xai, Aebxai, aiYxai, aivai, emyavai|
 cyÎ t AvZ¥R, b›`b, `yjvj, myZ, Zbq, †Q‡j, †LvKv,
Av‡Z¥v™¢e, ZbyR, ¯^R, `viK, Kzgvi, cyÎK, cyZ, †cv, cy‡j,
‡cvZK, ‡eUv|
 cv_i t cvlvY, cÖ¯Íi, wkjv, wkj, Dcj, Ak¥, iZœ, gwY `„lr,
KuvKi, K¼i|
 c„w_ex t RMr, fyeb, msmvi, wek¦, ivR¨, aiv, aiYx , awiÎx,
emygZx, c„_¡x, `ywbqv, f~gÐj, gZ©¨, emyav, f~ , Aebx , gnx,
†gw`bx, w¶wZ, aivZj, aivavg|
 evZvm t evqy, ceb, mgxi, mgxiY, Awbj, giær, gviæZ, evwZ,
evqy, AvïM, cegvb, m`vMwZ, bftk¦vm, kãen, AwMœmLv,
ewýmLv, RMZvqy, RMrcÖvY, gvZwek¦v, RMØj, MÜevn, nvIqv,
cÖfRb, K|
 eb t AiY¨, KzÄ, KvšÍvi, wewcb, AUex, R½j, ebR½j, `ve,
ebvbx, ebx, Kvbb, AiY¨vbx, ebev`vo, ev`vo, †Svc, R½jvU,
ebf~wg, ebvÂj|
 e„¶ t Ziæ, `ªæg, kvLx, cv`c, gnxiæn, Dw™¢`, AUex, wkLix,
cYx©|
 we`y¨r t Zwor, Pcjv, PÂj, Akwb, ¶YcÖfv, AwPi, AbycÖfv,
†m․`vwgbx, `vwgbx, weRjx, k¤úv|
 ‡gN t Rj`, evwi`, Rjai, bxi`, Nb, Rxg~Z, Aå, A¤^yevn,
A¤^yevnx, c‡qvai, c‡qv`, A¤^yai, Kv`w¤^bx, bxiai, Bi¤§`|
 gq~i t Kjvcx, †KKx, wkLx, wkLÐx|
 ivRv t b„‡c›`ª, b„cwZ, b‡ik, f~cwZ, f~c, bicwZ, f~cvj,
gnxcvj, Ðai, b„c, b„cvj, bivwac, b‡i›`, bi‡`e, w¶Zxk,
w¶wZc, AebxcwZ, Aebxk, Awac, Aaxk¦i, gnxk, cvZkv,
mgªvU, iv‡R›`ª, kv‡nbkv, b„cgwY|
 ivZ t ivwÎ, ivwZ, Agv, wbwk, wbkv, wbkx_, ivZ, iRbx,
hvwgbx, hgeZx, hvgx, hvwgKv, ke©ix, wefveix, wbkxw_bx,
wbïwZ, ¶Y`v, b³, ¶cv, Zvgmx, Amyqv|
 mgy`ª t mvMi, mvqi, wmÜz, `wiqv, Rjwa, A¤^ywa, A¤^ywbwa,
cv_vi, Rjwbwa, cÖ‡PZv, R‡j›`ª, AK~j, AK~j cv_vi,
R‡jk¦i, RjviY¨, evwiwa, Rjai, iZœvKi, iZœMf©, bxjv¤^y,
aiYxcjøe, bxiwa, bxiwbwa, †Zvqwbwa, c‡qvwa, Rjwac,
evwiai, evix›`ª|
 ¯^Y© t †mvbv, myeY©, KvÂb, KbK, wniY¨, wniY, gnvavZz, †ng,
Key©K|
 mvc t mc©, Awn, dYx, bvM, fyRM, f~R½g, Avkxwel, DiM,
Kz‣jx, welai, cbœM, wØwRne|
 ¯^M© t †`e‡jvK, †`ecyix, †`evjq, ¯^M©‡jvK, ¯^M©avg,
¯^M©ivR¨, ¯^M©cyix, `y¨‡jvK, AgZ©¨‡jvK, AgZ¨©fyeb, Agiv,
AgiveZx, Agivjq, Agiv‡jvK, wÎw`e, aªæe‡jvK, B›`ª‡jvK,
B›`ªcyix, cyY¨‡jvK, Ag„Z‡jvK, EaŸ©‡jvK|
 m~h© t iwe, Zcb, mweZv, cÖfvKi, w`evKi, fv¯‥i, w`‡bk,
w`bgwY, w`bcwZ, fvby, Avw`Z¨, gvZ©Û, Askygvjx, w`bbv_,
DlvcwZ, wPÎfvby, w`bKi, w`evemy, wefvemy, wefvKi, c~lY,
Asïgvb|
wecixZ kã
cÖ`Ë kã wecixZ kã cÖ`Ë kã wecixZ kã
AvKl©Y weKl©Y mÂq AcPq
c_ wec_ DbœZ vebZ
ev`x weev`x DrKl© AcKl©
hy³ wehy³ hk Achk
mdj wedj mej `ye©j
mykªx wekªx myK…Z `y®K…Z
¯§„wZ we¯§„wZ myL `ytL
wVK ‡ewVK myjf `yj©f
Zvj ‡eZvj mykxj `ytkxj
nvj ‡envj Avmj bKj
ûuk ‡eûuk Avw¯ÍK bvw¯ÍK
AMÖ cðvr jv‡qK bvjv‡qK
APj mPj LyuZ wbLyuZ
AbyK~j cÖwZK~j ‡LuvR wb‡LuvR
AšÍi evwni weiZ wbiZ
AšÍi½ ewni½ Avkv wbivkv
Aag DËg Drmvn wbiærmvn
AagY© DËgY© ‡`vlx wb‡`©vl

6. 6
Aí AwaK abx wba©b, `wi`ª
AvuwV kuvm cÖej `ye©j
AvKzÂY cÖmviY ‡ivM bx‡ivM
Av‡M wc‡Q m‡Pó wb‡ðó
Avc` m¤ú` m`q wb`©q
Avcb ci m¤^j wbtm¤^j
Av`vb cÖ`vb mim bxim
Avw` AšÍ mvKvi wbivKvi
Avwef©ve wZ‡ivfve AÁ weÁ
Avg`vwb ißvwb Abyi³ wei³
Avq e¨q AbyivM weivM
Avmj bKj Bn‡jvK ci‡jvK
BZi f`ª Bnv Dnv
B`vwbs Z`vwbs DÌvb cZb
EaŸ© Aa DbœwZ AebwZ
I¯Ív` mvM‡i` IVv bvgv
µq weµq ‡Kvgj KK©k
LvZK gnvRb LuvwU ‡fRvj
Mwiô jwNô ‡Lvjv eÜ
MÖnY eR©b M„nx mbœ¨vmx
‡Pvi mvay NvZ cÖwZNvZ
Rb¥ g„Zz¨ QvÎ wk¶K
RvMwiZ wbw`ªZ Ro ‡PZb
UvUKv evwm ‡Rvqvi fvUv
‡Wvev fvm VvÐv Mig
`vZv MÖnxZv ‡ZRx wb‡¯ÍR
`yó wkó `xN© n«¯^
‡`bv cvIbv ‡`Iqv ‡bIqv
big k³ bZzb cyivZb
eÜb gyw³ wb›`v cÖksmv
ea©gvb ¶xqgvb ei ‡e․
wein wgjb evPvj ¯^ífvlx
e¨_© mv_©K ‡evKv PvjvK
fxZz mvnmx wfZi evwni
†fuvZv aviv‡jv f~Z fwel¨r
g„`y cÖej gyL¨ ‡M․Y
jNy ¸iæ iæMœ my¯
kÎæ wgÎ jvj Kv‡jv
mgwó e¨wó mZ¨ wg_¨v
m„wó aŸsm my›`i KzrwmZ
¯^Kxq ciKxq ¯§„wZ we¯§„wZ
¯^vaxb civaxb ¯^M© biK
nvjKv fvwi nvi wRZ
K…wÎg ¯^vfvweK n«vm e„w×
¶z`ª e„nr KvR AKvR
LyPiv cvBKvwi DcPq AcPq
¸iæ jNy K…ZÁ
AK…ZÁ,
K…ZNœ
NvUwZ evowZ ‡K‡Rv A‡K‡Rv
‡PvLv ‡fuvZv ‡PZb A‡PZb
Rq civRq ‡Pbv A‡Pbv
Rxeb giY Rvbv ARvbv
VKv ‡RZv Ávbx AÁvb
wZi¯‥vi cyi¯‥vi ag© Aag©
w`b ivZ bk¦i Awebk¦i
`~i wbKU j²x Aj²x
abx wba©b, Mwie kvšÍ AkvšÍ
wbw`ªZ RvMÖZ wkó Awkó
eÜz kÎæ ïf Aïf
eo ‡QvU kª×v Akª×v
‡e‡nk&Z ‡`vRL mvšÍ AbšÍ
fq mvnm ¯ vei A¯ vei, R½g
fxiæ wbfx©K AwZe„wó Abve„wó
wgjb wein AwfÁ AbwfÁ
ivRv cÖRv A_© Ab_©
jvf
¶wZ,
†jvKmvb
AvPvi AbvPvi
kxNÖ wej¤^ AvZ¥xq AbvZ¥xq
mv_©K e¨_© Av`i Abv`i
w¯ i PÂj Avek¨K Abvek¨K
¯^Zš¿ ciZš¿ Avwej Abvwej
niY c~iY Av¯ v Abv¯ v
nvwm Kvbœv B‪Qv Awb‪Qv
D‪P wbP Bó Awbó
D`q A¯Í Dcw¯ Z Abycw¯ Z
G‡jv‡g‡jv ‡MvQv‡bv DcKvi AcKvi
gvb Acgvb

7. 7
evK¨ ms‡KvPb
 wewfbœ iKg bvix...
 ‡h bvix GKwU gvÎ mšÍvb cÖme K‡i‡Q - KvKeܨv|
 ‡h bvixi wnsmv bvB - Abm~qv|
 ‡h bvixi nvwm my›`i - mywPw¯§Zv|
 ‡h bvixi GLbI we‡q nqwb- Ab~pv|
 ‡h bvixi cvjb Ac‡ii Øviv- cif„wZKv|
 ‡h bvixi ¯^vgx - cyÎ †bB- Afxiv|
 ‡h bvixi †Kk my›`i- my‡Kkv|
 ‡h bvixi `vZ my›`i- my`‰Íx|
 ‡h bvixi m¤cÖwZ weevn n‡q‡Q- b‡evpv|
 ‡h bvixi ¯^vgx we‡`‡k _v‡K - †cªvwlZfZ©„Kv|
 ‡h bvix Ac‡ii Øviv cwiPvwjZ- cif„wZKv|
 ‡h bvix c~‡e© A‡b¨i evM`Ëv wQj- Ab¨c~e©v|
 ‡h bvix ¯^vgxi cªwZ Abyi³v- cÖwZeªZv|
 Ab¨ KZ…K weevwnZv- c‡ivpv|
 ‡h ¯^vgxi ¯¿x we‡`‡k _v‡K - †cªvwlZfvh©v|
 hyeZx Rvqv hvi- hyeRvwb|
 ¯¿xi ekxf~Z †h - •¯¿Y|
 cÖ_gv ¯¿x RxweZ _vwK‡Z wØZxq evi `vi MÖnY - Awa‡e`b|
 wewfbœ iKg B”Qv...
 ejvi B‪Qv - wee¶v|
 ‡`Lvi B‪Qv- w``„¶v|
 Kivi B‪Qv- wPKxl©v|
 ‡kvbvi B‪Qv- ïkÖ~lv|
 nbb Kivi B‪Qv - wRNvsmv|
 wb›`v/ †Mvcb Kivi B‪Qv -Ry¸áv|
 cvb Kievi B‪Qv- wccvmv|
 ‡fvRb Kwievi B‪Qv - eyfy¶v|
 egb Kwievi B‪Qv- weewglv|
 ‡eu‡P _vKvi B‪Qv- wRRxwelv|
 ‡mev Kivi B‪Qv- wm‡lwelv|
 Mg‡bi B‪Qv- wRMwglv|
 weRq jvf Kivi B‪Qv- wewRMxlv|
 cÖwZweavb/cÖwZKvi Kivi B‪Qv- cÖwZwewarmv|
 hy× Kivi B‪Qv- hyhyrmv|
 cÖ‡e‡ki B‪Qv- wewe¶v|
 ‡fvRb Kivi B‪Qv- wRNrmv|
 gyw³ †c‡Z B‪QyK- gygy¶z|
 ¶gv Kivi B‪Qv- wZwZ¶v|
 niY Kivi B‪Qv- wRNxl©v|
 wewfbœ iKg WvK I aŸwb...
 A‡k¦i WvK- †n«lv|
 ev‡Ni WvK- K…wË|
 gq~‡ii WvK- †KKv|
 KzKz‡ii WvK- ey°b|
 ‡g‡Ni WvK- g‱`ª|
 nw¯Íi wPrKvi - e„snwZ|
 nwi‡Yi Pvgov - AwRb|
 exYvi SsKvi -wb°b|
 wms‡ni MR©b- bv`|
 KK©k aŸwb- ‡µ¼vi|
 AjsKv‡ii aŸwb- wkÄb|
 M¤¢xi aŸwb- g‰¿|
 aby‡Ki aŸwb- UsKvi|
 SbSb kã- SbrKvi|
 AwZ D‣‪Pt¯^i- Zvi¯^i|
 wewea....
 ‡h Ac‡ii †jLv Pzwi K‡i - Kz¤¢xj|
 Aw¶i A‡MvPi- c‡iv¶|
 Aw¶i m¤§y‡L- cÖZ¨¶|
 Aw¶i mgx‡c- mg¶|
 Abve„Z †`‡n †i․`ª mœvb- m~h©mœvb|
 AšÍM©Z Ac hvi- AšÍixc|
 A_©nxb Dw³- cÖjvc|
 Ak¦, n¯Íx, i_ I c`vwZK- PZzi½|
 AvKvk I c„w_ex- µ›`mx|
 ‡h †Kv‡bv wel‡q ¯ú„nv nvwi‡q‡Q - exZ¯ú„n|
 hv jvwd‡q P‡j- cøeM|
 hv Aa¨qb Kiv n‡q‡Q - AaxZ|
 wbZvšÍ `» nq †h mg‡q - wb`vN|
 hvi Dfq nvZ mgvb P‡j - me¨mvPx|
 fwel¨r bv †f‡e KvR K‡i - Aweg„k¨Kvix|
 hv c~‡e© †`Lv hvqwb Ggb - A`„óc~e©|
 B›`ªxq‡K Rq K‡i‡Q †h - wR‡Z‱`ªxq|
 B›`ª‡K Rq K‡i‡Q †h - B‱`ªwRZ|
 hvnv fvlvq cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv - Awbe©Pbxq|
 kÎæ‡K nbb K‡i †h ‬ kÎæN′|
 hvnvi `vwo D‡V bvB - ARvZk¥kÖæ|
 kw³i Dcvmbv K‡i †h- kv³|
 Awi‡K `gb K‡i †h- Awi‱`g|
 ‡h Mgb K‡i bv- bM|
 ‡h MvRvi †bkv K‡i - †Mu‡Rj|
 hvnv evK¨ I g‡bi A‡MvPi- AevOgvbm‡MvPi|
 Pwe©Z Pe©b cÖwµqv- †ivg‰ b|
 Kv‡R hvnvi AwfÁZv Av‡Q- KwiZKg©v|
 ‡h-e¯‧ cvB‡Z B‪Qv Kiv hvq- CwáZ|
 Nl©Y ev †clY RvZ MÜ- cwigj|
 whwb b¨vq fvj Rv‡bb- •bqvwqK|
 ‡hLv‡b gvwQ ch©šÍ bvB- wbg©w¶K|
 Øv‡i Øv‡i wf¶v MÖnY K‡i ‡h- gvayKi|
 hvnv a¨v‡bi †hvM¨- †a¨q|
 Avqyi c‡¶ wnZKi- Avqyl¨|
 GK fvlvi g‡a¨ Ab¨ fvlvi cÖ‡qvM- eyKwb|
 Fwli Øviv Dò- Avh©|
 cv ayBevi Rj- cv`¨|
 whwb ¯§„wZ kv¯¿ Rv‡bb- ¯§vZ©|
 ‡h Av‡ivnb Kwiqv‡Q- Aviæp|
 hv Pz‡l LvIqv hvq- Pzl¨|
 hv †P‡U †L‡Z nq- †jn¨|
 hv wPwe‡q ‡L‡Z nq- Pe©¨|
 AwMœ Drcv`‡bi KvV- AiwY|
 mv‡ci †Lvjm- wb‡g©vK|
 ‡h mšÍvb wcZvi g„Zz¨i ci R‡b¥‡Q- gi‡YvËiRvZK|
 Avg„Zz¨ hy× K‡i †h- mskßK|

8. 8
evsjv evbvb ixwZ
 †Kv‡bv k‡ãi †k‡l hw` (C/x) Kvi _v‡K Ges Zvi c‡i hw`
Z¡/ Zv/ bx/ Bbx/ mfv/ cwil`/ ZË¡/ we`¨v/ RMr/ evPK
BZ¨vw` kã ev kãvsk †hvM Ki‡j c~‡e©i ÔC/xÕ Kvi ÔB/wÕ
Kv‡i cwiYZ n‡e| †hgbÑ AwaKvix + Z¡ = AwaKvwiZ¡, m½x
+ bx = mw½bx, DcKvix + Zv = DcKvwiZv, cÖvYx + we`¨v =
cÖvwYwe`¨v, AwaKvix + bx = AwaKvwiYx, cÖvYx + ZË¡ =
cÖvwYZË¡, weRqx+bx= weRwqbx, AwaKvix > AwaKvwiYx,
cÖYqx > cÖYwqbx, `yLx>`ywLbx BZ¨vw`|
 ÔAvwjÕ, Ô AÄwjÕ, ÔAvewjÕ; cÖZ¨q hy³ k‡ãi †k‡l B-Kvi
n‡e| †hgb- †mvbvwj, iƒcvwj, c~evwj, eY©vwj, wgZvwj,
•PZvwj, MxZvwj, MxZvÄwj, cÖkœvewj, kÖ×vÄwj, `„k¨vewj|
 ms¯‥…Z kã Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb k‡ã C ev C-Kvi e¨eüZ n‡e
bv|
 ‡`k, RvwZ I fvlvi bv‡gi ‡¶‡Î C-Kvi I E-Kvi Gi
¯ ‡j B-Kvi I D-Kvi n‡e| †hgb- Bs‡iwR, Rvcvwb,
cvwK¯Ívwb, AvdMvwb, Bivwb, ZzwK© BZ¨vw`|
 B D Ñ mKj A-Zrmg k‡ã †Kej C I E e¨eüZ bv n‡q
B Ges D (w, y) e¨eüZ n‡e| †hgb: whï (hxï bq), cvw`ª
(cv`ªx bq)|
 ms¯‥…Z ¯¿xevPK k‡ã C I E e¨eüZ n‡e Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î B
Ges D (w, y) e¨eüZ n‡e | †hgb: ¯¿x, †bÎx, `vw`, bvwb
BZ¨vw`|
D/E-Kvi msµv‰ÍÍ wbqg
 ms¯‥…Z kã Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb k‡ã E ev E-Kvi ( ~ ) e¨eüZ
n‡e bv|
 A™¢yZ- Gi fyZ Qvov me Òf~ZÓ G `xN© D- Kvi ( ~ ) nq|
†hgb- A½xf~Z, Awff~Z, Avwef©~Z, D™¢~Z, GKxf~Z,
ekxf~Z|
 `~iZ¡ †evSv‡Z Ò`~i" Ab¨_vq Ò`yiÓ n‡e| †hgb- `~i`k©b,
`~iMvgx, `~iex¶Y, c¶všÍ‡i- `yišÍ, `yb©vg, `ye©j, `ywf©¶,
`yb©xwZ, `yivPvi, `y`©všÍ|
Ab¨vb¨
 O, T, Y, b, g Ñ GB bvwmK¨ eY©¸wj hLb †Kv‡bv e‡Y©i
Av‡M hy³ nq ZLb H eMx©q e‡Y©i mv‡_B ïay gvÎ hy³ nq
Ab¨ e‡M©i eY© mv‡_ hy³ nq bv| †hgbÑ c¼, k‫‫‬L, M½v,
R‫‫‬N, gÂ, evÃv, e¨Äbv, SÅv, NÈv, eÈK, MÖšÍ , Avb›`,
m¤cÖ`vb, m¤ú`, jç, A¤^i BZ¨vw`|
 b/Y Ges l/m Y-Z¡ I l-Z¡ weavb Abyhvqx e¨envi Ki‡Z
n‡e|
 k‡ãi †k‡l (t) wemM© _vK‡e bv| †hgb Kvh©Z, g~jZ, e¯‧Z,
µgk|
 ÔAv‡bvÕ cÖZ¨qvšÍ k‡ãi †k‡l (‡ v) ÔIÕ Kvi hy³ Kiv n‡e| Ñ
Kiv‡bv, ejv‡bv, LvIqv‡bv|
 nm wPý ( & ) ev EaŸ©Kgv ( Õ) h_vm¤¢e eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb-
Kie, PU, `yRb, Pvik| Z‡e fyj D‪Pvi‡Yi Avk¼v _vK‡j e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡eчhgb - Dn&, hvn&|
 Bs‡iwR ev Bs‡iwRi gva¨‡g AvMZ k‡e 'S' Gi ¯ v‡b ÔmÕ
Ges Sh, Sion, Ssion, tion BZ¨vw` ¯ v‡b ÔkÕ e¨eüZ
n‡e|
wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evbvb
AK¯§vr
AMϬvkq
AMœy¨rcvZ
AwPšÍ¨
Awb›`¨
Ab~a٩
AšÍtmË¡v
AšÍR©vjv
A‡šÍ¨wówµqv
AgZ©¨
Aj‫‫‬N¨
Ak¦_
AvKv‫¶‫‬v
Av`©ª
D‣‪Pt¯^‡i
D‪Q¡vm
D¾¡j
D˨³
Dw™¢¾
Dch©y³
Dcjwä
Kvw‫¶‫‬Z
K…wËevm
K¡wPr
µzi
¶zä
¶zwbœe„wË
Mvn©¯
MÖx®§
N~Y©¨gvb
R‡jv‪Q¡vm
RvR¡j¨gvb
Rxevk¥
R¡i
R¡jR¡j
R¡jv
R¡vjv
R¡vjvwb
‡R¨ô
‣R¨ô
‡R¨vr¯œv
‡R¨vwZ
Zx¶è
Z¡K
Z¡iY
Z¡ivwš^Z
Z¡wiZ
Z¨³
`qv`©ª
`vwi`ª¨
`yivKv‫¶‫‬v
`ywb©ix¶¨
‡`․ivZ¥¨
Ø›Ø
wØZxq
wØav
‡Øl
‣ØZ
ب_©
`~¨Zµxov
aŸsm
aŸb¨vZ¥K
bT_©K

9. 9
&Ea٩
GZØviv
GZبZxZ
J¾j¨
J×Z¨
KZ©„
KZ©„K
KΩx
`axwP
‡K․Z~nj
wKsev
cO&w³
c²
civ‫‫‬gyL
cwi¯ªveY
cvk¦©
cÖwZØw›ØZv
cÖwZØ›Øx
cÖZ~¨l
cÖvZtK…Z
cÖvZå©gY
‡cÖv¾¡j
‡c․‡ivwnZ¨
e¶¨gvY
e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
eܨv
e‡qv‡R¨ô
ewnwiw›`ªq
evZ¨vweaŸ¯Í
evj¥xwK
weؾb
wefxwlKv
wef~wZf~lY
‡R¨vwZlx
‡R¨vwZ®‥
UxKvwUàbx
Zr¶Yvr
ZË¡
ZË¡eavb
ZبZxZ
ZvwˡK
wKixU
LwPZ
MÖnxZv
e¨Äbv
e¨wZµg
e¨wZe¨¯Í
e¨ZxZ
e¨Z¨q
e¨_v
e¨w_Z
e¨c‡`k
e¨e‡‪Q`
e¨eavb
e¨emv
e¨e¯ v
e¨envi
e¨q
e¨_©
e¨¯Í
ey¨rcwË
e~¨n
eªvþY
‡f․MwjK
åvZ…Z¡
gaym~`b
wb°Y
wbØ›Ø
wbw`©¦av
‣bF©Z
b¨¯Í
by¨â
b~¨b
cK¡
M`©f
Nwbô
Pe©¨
h²v
hk¯^x
hv‪Tv
iwk¥
‡i․Í`ª
j²Y
j²x
km¨
kvk¦Z
wki‡ñ`
wkl¨
k¦kyi
k¦kÖæ
‡k¨b
‡kø®§v
lvY¥vwmK
msea©bv
mËv
mˡ
mܨv
mbϬvm
mbϬvmx
‣ewPÎ
‣e`»¨
‣ewkô¨
e¨³
e¨w³¯^vZšÍ¿
e¨Mª
e¨½
RxweKv
wckvP
cK¡
ZrKvjxb
ZvwoZ
Z¨³
`~lYxq
h‡kvivwk
wkitcxov
mseiY
msev`
RMØÜz
gbtKó
gb¯ÍË¡
gšÍ^šÍi
gZ©¨
gnˡ
gvnvZ¥¨
gyn©~gyn~
gyn~Z©
AZ¨waK
BZtc~‡e©
Aa¨qb
A`¨vwc
A‡avMwZ
D‪Q¡wmZ
Ea٩
FYMÖ¯Í
HiveZ
RvMiƒK
SÅv
Zw×Z
i³‪Qwe
m‡¤§jb
mi¯^Zx
mvwˡK
mvšÍbv
wm›`~i
m~²
‡m․nv`©¨
¯^Ztù~Z©
¯^Ë¡
¯^v‪Q›`¨
¯^vqZ¡kvmb
¯^v¯ ¨
¯§iY
nxb¤§b¨Zv
n«¯^
n«vm
msewjZ
K¼Y
b„ksm
me©v‡cÿv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evbvb
mgxPxb, nixZwK, evj¥xwK, B‡Zvg‡a¨, Awfkvc, wZi¯‥vi,
cwi®‥vi, g~a©b¨, M„wnYx, wkitcxov, Af¨šÍixb, wbkx_, A‡avMwZ,
wbixn, wecixZ, wbix¶Y, `~lYxq, ‡ZRw¯…qZv, gyn©~gyn~©, wefxwlKv|

10. 10
m‡gv‪PvwiZ kã
Ak¦ ‡Nvov
Ak¥ cv_i
Avevm evm¯Ívb
Avfvm AwffvlY, Avjvc, f~wgKv, gyLeÜ
Avfvm Bw½Z, A¯úó cÖKvk
KzU ce©Zk„½, `yM©
K~U KywUj
Pz¨Z öwjZ,cwZZ, fªó
P~Z Avg
Zzjv `vwocvjøv
Z~jv Kvc©vm
`vwo `vwocvjøv, c~Y©‡‪Q` wPý
`vox ‡h †b․Kvq `vo Uv‡b
`vwo k¥kÖƒ
`xc cÖ`xc
wØc n¯Íx, nvZx
Øxc Rj‡ewóZ f~fvM
wbivk nZvk, Avkvnxb
wbivm cÖZ¨vL¨vb, wbeviY, wbimb
wbwkZ kvwYZ, aviv‡jv, ¶ziavi
wbkx_ Mfxi ivwÎ
bxo cvwLi evmv, Kzjvq
bxi Rj, cvwb
evU nvZj, Mevw`i ¯Íb
evU c_
wek Kywo, wesk
wel Mij, njvnj
wem g„Yvj
wew¯§Z Avðh©vw¤^Z
we¯§„Z hv fy‡j hvIqv n‡q‡Q
kiY Avkªq
¯§iY ¯§„wZ
wkj wkjv, cv_i
kxj PwiÎ , ¯^fve, cÖe„wË
mxj mxj‡gvni
kyw³ wSbyK
myw³ myePb, †e`gš¿, myfvwlZ
ïwP ï×, cweÎ, wbg©j
mywP wbN©›U, cÖš vw`I welq ZvwjKv, myP
ïi exi
myi Kɯ^i , †`eZv
myi m~h©
kªeY KY©
mªeY ¶iY
mË¡ Aw¯ÍZ¡, cÖvY, mËv
¯^Z¡v AwaKvi, gvwjKvbv, ¯^vwgZ¡
mv¶i A¶iÁvbwewkó
¯^v¶i bvgmwn, `¯ÍLZ
mv_© ewYK, abevb&
¯^v_© wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb, wb‡Ri jvf
my` Kzmx`
m~` cvPK
ür ü`q
üZ AvüZ, AvbxZ
evMaviv
wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evMaviv
A
 ARMi e„wË = Avj‡mwg
 Ae‡ime‡i = Kv‡j-f‡`ª
 Am~h©¯úk¨v = M„‡n AšÍÍixY
 A¶‡i A¶‡i = m¤ú~Y©fv‡e
 A Av K L = cÖv_wgK Ávb
 A¶q eU = cÖvPxb e¨w³
 Aa©P‱`ª = Mjva°v
 Agvem¨vi Puv` = `yj©f e¯‧
 AÜKv‡i wXj †Quvov = cyivcywi Av›`v‡R KvR Kiv
 A‣_ Rj = fxlY wec`
 Aby‡iva †XuwK ‡Mjv = c‡ii Aby‡iv‡a Kó cvIqv
Av
 AvKvk aiv = e„wó eÜ nIqv
 AvKv‡k _y_y †djv = wb‡RiB ¶wZ Kiv
 Av‡°jg‰ÍÍ. Av‡°jg‱` = we‡ePbv K‡i Ggb
 AvUKcv‡j = nZfvM¨
 AvULvb Kiv, AvULvbv Kiv = UzK‡iv UzK‡iv Kiv
 Avwg-Avwg Kiv = AvZ¥cÖksmv Kiv
 Av‡qvmy‡qv = maev ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki `j
 AvuKzcuvKz Kiv = QUdU Kiv
 AvKv‡ki Puv` = `yj©f e¯‧
 Av‡°j¸Wyg = nZeyw× nIqv
 Avbvwo = AcUz, AbwfÁ

11. 11
B
 BZzwb`Ku‡o = Ajm
 BuP‡o cvKv = AKvjc°
 Bj‡k ¸uwo = ¸uwo ¸uwo e„wó
 Bu`yi Kcv‡j = g›`fvM¨
 BZi we‡kl = cÖ‡fa ev cv_©K¨
 B‡`i Puv` = Kvw‫¶‫‬Z e¯‧
D
 D‡ov K_v = ¸Re
 DobPÐx = D‪Q„‫‫‬Lj
 DKi-avKi = G‡jvcv_vwo
 Dwbk-wek = mvgvb¨ cv_©K¨
 Dcob‡c‡K = Ace¨qx
 DjyLvMov = ¸iæZ¡nxb †jvK
 D‡ov wPwV = †ebvwg cÎ
 EbcuvR‡i = Ac`v_©
 EbcÂvk evqy = cvMjvwg
 Ewg©gvjx = mgy`ª
G
 GK jvngvq = GK gyû‡Z©
 G‡j‡e‡j = wbK…ó
 GK †PvLv = c¶cvZ `yó
 GKv`k e„n®úwZ = gnv‡m․fvM¨
 GK ¶z‡i gv_v gyov‡bv = GK `jfy³
 GK K_vi gvbyl = `„p msKí e¨w³
 Gjvwn KvÛ = weivU Av‡qvRb
K
 K-A¶i †Mvgvsm = m¤ú~Y© g~L©
 Kjwgi Svo = es‡k eû †jvK
 KPy †cvov = ALv`¨
 K‪Q‡ci Kvgo = hv mn‡R Qv‡o bv
 Kwo Kcv‡j = fvM¨evb
 Kwo KvV Mbv = KvR bv K‡i KvjniY
 Kvey‡Z cvIqv = ev‡M cvIqv
 Kzu‡Pv evmb = †QvULv‡Uv _vjvevwU
 KzuR‡ovcbv = SMov‡U ¯^fve
 ‡Ku‡P MÐyl = †Mvov †_‡K ïiæ
 Kjyi ej` = GKUvbv LvUzwb
 Kcvj †div = ‡m․fvM¨ jvf
 KZ av‡b KZ Pvj = wn‡me K‡i Pjv
 Kovq MÐvq = m¤ú~Y©, cy‡ivcywi
 KuvPv cqmv = bM` DcvR©b
L
 LvgKvR = fyjKvR
 Ly‡` iv¶m = †cUzK gvbyl
 ‡LRy‡i Avjvc = Kv‡Ri K_v
 wLPzwo cvKv‡bv = RwUj Kiv
 LÐKcvj = `yf©vM¨
 LÐcÖjq = Zzg~jKvÐ, fxlY e¨vcvi
 ‡Lv`vi Lvwm = üócyó
 Lvwe LvIqv = QUdU Kiv
M
 MÇvwjKv cÖevn = AÜ AbyKiY|
 M`vB j¯‥ix Pvj = gš i MwZ|
 Mix‡ei †Nvov †ivM = AwZwi³ Avkv Kiv|
 M`©f ivwMbx = gvayh©nxb wPrKvi|
 ‡MvKz‡ji lvuo = †¯^‪QvPvix †jvK, †eKvi|
 Mv jvMv = g‡bv‡hvM †`qv|
 Mv‡q jvMv = g‡bv‡hvM †`qv|
 Mv‡q duy w`‡q †eov‡bv = duvwKi g‡bvfve|
 Mv‡Q Zz‡j gB Kvov = cÖwZkÖæwZ f½ Kiv|
N
 NvU gvbv = Ab¨vq ¯^xKvi Kiv
 Nv‡o-M`v©‡b = AZ¨šÍ †gvUv
 NyY nIqv = `¶Zv jvf Kiv
 ‡Nvovi wWg = Aev¯Íe
 NyNy Piv‡bv = me©bvk Kiv
 Ni fv½v = HK¨ bó Kiv
 ‡Nvovi Nvm KvUv = AKv‡R mgq bó
 ‡Nvovi Kvgo = `„p cY
 NÈvMiæo = AKg©Y¨ †jvK
 Nv‡Ui gov = AwZ e„×, †h gi‡Z e‡m‡Q
P
 P¶z`vb Kiv = Pzwi Kiv
 Pkg†Lvi = m¤ú~Y© †envqv
 Puv`-Kcv‡j = fvM¨evb
 ‡Pv‡Li evwj = P¶zk~j
 P‡¶i cyZwj = Av`‡ii ab
 Po‬B cvwLi cÖvY = ¶xYRxex ‡jvK
 wPwbi cyZzj = kªgZvZz‡i
 Pwe©Z Pe©Y = cybive„wË
 PvPv Avcb evuPv = ¯^v_©ci
 wPwbi ej` = fvievnx
 P¶z PoK MvQ = we¯§‡q †PvL eo n‡q hvIqv

12. 12
Q
 Qvu`bvZjv = weev‡ni gÐc
 Qvgwb bvov = `„wó wewbgq
 Quy‡Pvi †KËb = Aweivg Kjn
 QvB Pvcv Av¸b = AcÖKvwkZ cÖwZfv
 ‡Q‡ji nv‡Zi †gvqv = mvgvb¨ e¯‧
 Q°v cvÄv Kiv = eo eo K_v ejv
 wQuP Kvu`y‡b = A‡íB Kuv‡` Ggb
 wQwbwgwb †Ljv = bó Kiv
R
 RjfvZ = mnRmva¨
 Rj‡hvM = nvjKv Lvevi
 Rjcvb = nvjKv Lvevi
 Rjcvwb = e„wË
 RK (RM) †`Iqv = VKv‡bv
 RjMÖnY bv Kiv = m¤úK© bv ivLv
 R‡ji `vM = ¶Y¯ vqx
 RvgvB-Av`i = cÖPzi Av`i hZœ
 wRwMi †Zvjv = aŸwb †`Iqv
 Rxq‡‰Í gviv = Rxeb¥„Z
 ‡Rv‡oi cvqiv = Nwbô eÜz
S
 Sv‡oes‡k = meï×
 Sv‡u‡Ki ‣K = GK `jfy³
 Sv‡j †Sv‡j A¤^‡j = me©Î weivwRZ
 S‡ov KvK = wech©¯Í
 wS‡Odzj †dvUv = Avqy dzwi‡q Avmv
 ‡Svji jvD A¤^‡ji K`y = me c‡¶i gb RywM‡q Pjv
 ‡Sv‡j A¤^‡j GK Kiv = wgwk‡q †djv
 SivcvZv = RxY©kxY© †jvK
U
 UbK bov = mRvM nIqv
 UvKvi AvwÐj = wecyj UvKvi gvwjK
 UvKvi Kzwgi = abx e¨w³
 UvKvUv wmwKUv = Lye mvgvb¨ UvKv
 Uzc fyR½ = †bkvq we‡fvi
 Uvbv †cv‡ob = weiw³Ki hvZvqvZ
 ‡Xu‡K †MvuRv = AvZœmvr Kiv
 Uzwc civ‡bv = †Zvmv‡gv` Kiv
 Uvj mvgjv‡bv = wec` n‡Z gyw³
 UxKv fvl¨ = `xN© Av‡jvPbvr
V
 Vv‡i Vv‡i = Bw½‡Z
 VvÛv jovB = †Mvc‡b we‡ivwaZv
 ‡VvuU KvUv = ¯úófvlx
 ‡VKv †g‡q = wPiKygvix
 Vyu‡Uv RMb′v_ = AKg©Y¨
 VuvU eRvq ivLv = Afve Pvcv ivLv
W
 wW‡g †ivMv = wPi-iæMœ
 Wvb nv‡Zi e¨vcvi = LvIqv
 Wvgv‡Wvj = †Mvj‡hvM
 W‡K IVv = bó nIqv
 Wygy‡ii dzj = A`k©bxq
 Wy‡e Wy‡e Rj LvIqv = †Mvc‡b †Mvc‡b KvR Kiv
X
 X°v wbMv` = D‪P K‡É †NvlYv
 Xv‡Ki KvwV = †Zvlvgy‡`
 XvK XvK ¸o ¸o = jy‡KvPzwi
 Xv‡K evuqv = AcÖ‡qvRbxq
 Xv‡Ki KvwV cov = m~Pbv Kiv
 ‡XuwK AeZvi = wb‡ev©a †jvK
 ‡XuwKi Kzwgi = Ac`v_©
Z
 Z-LiP = ev‡R LiPv
 Z‡° Z‡° _vKv = †Mvc‡b mZ©K _vKv
 Zvj Mv‡Qi AvovB nvZ = †kl I me‡P‡q KwVb Ask
 Zzjmx e‡bi evN = my‡e‡k `ye©„Ë
 wÎk¼z Ae¯ v = ga¨ve¯ v
_
 _ n‡q hvIqv = ¯Íw¤¢Z nIqv
 _inwi K¤ú = f‡q cÖPÐ Kvuvcv
 _vDwK †ejv = wejvj †ejv
`
 `w¶Y nv‡Zi e¨vcvi = LvIqv
 `y‡ai gvwQ = mymg‡qi eÜz
 `v-Kzgov m¤^Ü = kÎæZv
 `nig gnig = gvLvgvwL eÜzZ¡
`
 avgvaiv = ‡Zvlvgy‡`
 a‡g©i Kj = mZ¨
 ‡av‡c †UKv = hyw³wm×
 a‡g©i lvo = ‡¯^‪QvPix
b
 bbxi cyZzj = kªgwegyL
 bKov QKov Kiv = ‡njv ‡djv Kiv
 bvKvwb Pzevwb = Kó
 bRi jvMv = Aïf `„wó‡Z cov

13. 13
 wbKzwP Kiv = AMÖvn¨ Kiv
c
 cyKzi Pzwi = eo ai‡bi Pzwi
 cvqvfvwi = AnsKvi
 ce©‡Zi gywlK cÖm` = e¨vcK cÖZ¨vkvq mvgvb¨
 cv_‡i cuvPKwj = cÖej †m․fvM¨
 cUj †Zvjv = gviv hvIqv
e
 e¨v‡Oi mw`© = Am¤¢e e¨vcvi
 eK avwg©K = fÐ Zc¯^x
 eY©‡Pviv = Avcbvi cwiPq †Mvcb K‡i †h
f
 wfUvq NyNy Pov‡bv = me©bvk Kiv
 fuyB‡dvo = bZzb
 fvbygwZi †Lj = Awek¦vm¨ e¨vcvi
 fykwÐi KvK = `xN©Rxex
 wf‡R ‡fovj = wbixn wKš‧ my‡hvM mÜvwb
g
 g‡Mi gyjøyK = AivRK †`k
 gv‡Qi gv‡qi cyÎ †kvK = KcU †e`bv
 wgQwii Qzwi = gy‡L gay AšÍ‡i wel
 gvwbK †Rvo = wbi_©K `ytL
h/i/j
 h‡gi †`vmi = wbôzi e¨w³
 ivûi `kv = `ytmgq
 ‡jvUv K¤^j = mvgvb¨ msMxZ
 ‡jdvdv `yi¯Í = evB‡i VuvU eRvq ivLv
 ivRv DwRi gviv = eo eo K_v ejv
k/l/m/n
 kKzwb gvgv = KzPµx †jvK
 kwbi `„wó = Kz `„wó
 kv‡c ei = Awb‡ô Bó jvf
 ‡mvbvi cv_i evwU = Am¤¢e e¯‧
 mv¶x †Mvcvj = wbw®…q `k©K
 ‡lvjAvbv = cy‡ivcywi
 lZ¡-YZ¡ Ávb = KvÐÁvb
 nvZUvb = Pzwii Af¨vm
 nv‡Zi cuvP = ‡kl m¤^j
 nvUzi eqm = wbZvšÍ wkï
cvwifvwlK kã
Abscondent ‡divix, cjvZK
Absorption AvZœxKiY
Accountant wnmvei¶K
Act AvBb
Acting fvicÖvß
Addendum cwiwkó, ms‡hvRb
Adjournment gyjZex
Advertisement weÁvcb
Affidavit njdbvgv
Agenda Av‡jvP¨
Aircraft wegvb
Alliance ‣gw·RvU
Annexdure ‡µvocÎ
Anonymous ‡ebvgx
Assassin ¸ßNvZK
Attested mZ¨vwqZ
Bankrupt ‡`Dwjqv
Bibliography MÖš cwÄ
Bilingual wØfvlx
Blackmail `yó‡K․kj
Blueprint cÖwZwPÎ
Bond cÖwZÁvcb,gyP‡jKv
Boycott eR©b
Broker `vjvj
Byelaw DcAvBb
Camping Awfhvb
Carisedover †Ri
Census Av`gïgvix
Chancellor AvPvh©
Client g‡°j
Collaborator mn‡hvMx
Commentator fvl¨Kvi
Compliment †m․Rb¨
Consignor †cÖiK
Consulate `yZvjq
Corrigendum ïw×cÎ
Copyright †jLv¯^Z¡
Convocation mgveZ©b
Curriculum cvV¨µg
Diagram bKkv, cwi‡jL
Dialect Dcfvlv
Devaluation g~j¨n«vm
Depositor AvgvbZKvix
Draftsman bKkxKvi,gymvwe`vKvix
Espionage ¸ßPie„wË
Imagination cÖevmb
Encyclopedia wek¦‡Kvl
Elasticity w¯ wZ¯ vcKZv
Equation mgxKib
Executive wbe©vnx
Exhaustive mvgwMÖK
Ex Officio c`vwaKv‡i
Experiment wbix¶v

14. 14
Explosion we‡õviY
Expulsion ewn®‥vi
Eyewash ‡avKv
Eyewitness cÖZ¨¶`kx©
Ethnology †RvwZwe©`¨v
Facsimile cÖwZiƒc, AweKj
Faculty Abyl`
Falls RjcÖcvZ
Federal hy³ivóªxq
Fiction K_vmvwnZ¨
Farce cÖnmb
Fortnightly cvw¶K
Forecast c~e©vfvm
Forfeited ev‡Rqvß
Galaxy Qvqvc_
Gazetteer Z_¨‡Kvl
Genesis DrcwË
Garrison ‡mbv`j
Gravitation gnvKl©
Goodwill cÖwZôvwaKvi, mybvg
lobal wek¦e¨wc
Glossary kãcwÄ
Handbill cÖPvicÎ
Harbor ‡cvZvkªq
Hemisphere ‡Mvjva©
Higging `iKvlvKwl
Horizontal Abyf~wgK
Humanitarian gvbe‡cÖgx
Hygiene ¯^v¯ ¨we`¨v
Hypocrisy KcUZv
Hypothesis Abygvb
High Tide R‡jv‪Qvm
Hybrid D‪P djbkxj
Headland AšÍixc
Handicraft n¯Íwkí
Handloom ZuvZ
Idealism fveev`
Imprisonment Kviv`Ð
In charge fvicÖvß
Index wba©›U, m~PK
Inventory d`©
Impeachment Awfmskb
Longitude `ªvwNgv
Lobbying Z`wei
Livestock cïcvjb
Litigation gvgjv
Lingua Franca wgkªfvlv
Liquidation Aemvqb
Light- Year Av‡jvKel©
Devaluation evgcš x
Depositor cÖPvicÎ
Latitude A¶vsk
Landslide f~cvZ, aŸsm
Laissez- Faire AevavbxwZ
Laboratory cix¶vMvi
cÖev` cÖePb
¯^ieY©
A
 AfvMv †hw`‡K Pvq, mvMi ïwK‡q hvq= me©ÎB ‣bivk¨
 AwZ `‡c© nZj¼v = AwZwi³ AnsKviB cZb NUvq
 Avw`¨Kv‡ji ew`¨ ey‡ov = Lye cÖvPxb e¨w³
 AwaK‰‧ b †`vlvq = cÖ‡qvR‡bi †ekx n‡jI ¶wZ †bB |
 Amv‡ii ZR©b MR©b mvi = ¸Ynx‡bi e¨_© Avõvjb|
 Afv‡e ¯^fve bó = Afv‡e co‡j fvj gvbylI Amr nq|
 Aí we`¨v fq¼ix = Aí we`¨vi AwZ `c©|
 AwZ Pvjv‡Ki Mjvq `wo = †ewk PvjvwK Kwiqv Ab¨‡K
VKvB‡Z †M‡j A‡bK mg‡q wb‡R‡K wec‡` cwo‡Z nq|
 AwZ †jv‡f ZuvwZ bó = ‡ewk ‡jv‡f me©¯^ nvivB‡Z nq|
 A‡bK mb′¨vmx‡Z MvRb bó=A‡bK †jvK nB‡j Kv‡R wek„‫‫‬Ljv nq|
 A_©B Ab‡_©i g~j = A_© nB‡ZB hZ †Mvjgv‡j m„wó|
 Aivuaywbi nv‡Z c‡o iæB gvQ Kuv‡` = A‡hvM¨ †jv‡Ki nv‡Z
cwoqv fvj wRwbmI bó nq|
Av
 Aviwki gy‡L cokx‡K †`Lv = wb‡Ri gZ K‡i Ab¨‡K fvev
 Avov‡j †jv‡K ivRvi gv‡KI WvBwb e‡j = Amv¶v‡Z
A‡b¨i wb›`v mevB K‡i|
 Av‡g `y‡a GK nj, AvuwU †Lvmv c‡o iÕj = `yB c‡¶i g‡a¨
†evSvcov nBqv †Mj, A_P †hvMv‡hvM Kwiqv w`j †h †m-B
AevwÂZ ewjqv MY¨ nBj|
 Avcwb euvP‡j ev‡ci bvg = PvPv Avcb cÖvY euvPv|
 Avcwb ï‡Z VuvB †bB, k¼iv‡K Wv‡K = wb‡Ri Avq w`qv
wb‡R Pwj‡Z cv‡i bv; A_P A‡b¨i Rb¨ LiP K‡i|
 Av‡M `k©b`vix c‡i ¸YwePvix = evwn¨K †m․›`h© ØvivB gvbyl
cÖ_g AvK…ó nq|
 Avm‡j gylj †bB †XuwK N‡i Puv‡`vqv= Dchy³ e¨e¯ v Aej¤^‡bi Afve|
 Avc fvjv †Zv RMr fvjv = wb‡R fvj n‡j mKjB fvj nq|
 Avgov Mv‡Q Avg nq bv = g›` ¯^fv‡ei †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q fvj
e¨envi Avkv Kiv hvq bv|
 Avcwb AvPwi ag© Ac‡i wkLvI = hv wb‡R gvb bv, Zv
Aci‡K wkLv‡e bv|
 Av½yj dz‡j KjvMvQ = Awek¦vm¨ DbœwZ|
 Avcb cv‡q Kzovj gviv = wb‡Ri ¶wZ wb‡R Kiv|
 Av½yi dj UK = cvb bv ZvB Lvb bv|
 Av`vi e¨vcvwii Rvnv‡Ri Lei = AbwaKvi PP©v Kiv|
 Av‡U-wc‡V `o, Z‡e †Nvovi Dci Po = †KvbI Kvh© Kwievi
†hvM¨ bv nB‡j, †m Kvh© Kwi‡Z hvIqv DwPZ bq|

15. 15
B
 Bu`y‡i †P‡bbv fvMeZ cyuw_ = g~L© e¨w³ ¸Yxi ¸Y †ev‡S bv|
 BUwU gvi‡j cvU‡KjwU †L‡Z nq = †hgb Kg© †Zgb dj,
A_©vr c‡ii Awbó Kwi‡j wb‡RiI Awbó nq|
D
 Dje‡b gy³ Qov‡bv = A‡hvM¨ cv‡Î g~j¨evb e¯‧ `vb Kiv|
 DwPZ K_v eÜz †eRvi = mZ¨ K_v ej‡j AvcbRbI iæó
nq|
 DV‰Í e„¶ cˇbB †Pbv hvq = Kv‡Ri Avi¤¢ †`wLqv Kv‡Ri †kl
eySv hvq|
 D‡ov LB †Mvwe‱`vq bgt = ‡h LB nvZ nB‡Z evZv‡m Dwoqv
†Mj, Zvnv †Mvwe‡›`i bv‡g wb‡e`b|
 D‡`viwcwÐ ey‡`vi Nv‡o = G‡Ki †`vl A‡b¨i Dci Pvcv‡bv|
 E‡bv fv‡Z `y‡bv ej = Aí Avnv‡i kw³ e„w×|
 DwPZ K_vq eÜz †eRvi = mZ¨K_v AwcÖq |
G
 GK nv‡Z Zvwj ev‡R bv = †h †Kvb Kj‡nB Dfq c‡¶i
wKQz bv wKQz †`vl _v‡K|
 GK Kovi gyi` †bB, fvZ gvivi †MuvmvB = DcvR©‡bi ¶gZv
bvB A_P LiP K‡i cÖPzi|
 GK gv‡N kxZ hvq bv = wec` GKeviB Av‡m bv|
 GK wX‡j `yB cvwL gviv = GKB mv‡_ `yB D‡Ïk¨ mvab
Kiv|
 GK gv‡N kxZ hvq bv = GKev‡iB wec` †kl nq bv|
e¨ÄbeY©
K
 KvuPv evu‡k Ny‡b aiv = AcwibZ eq‡m •bwZK AatcZb NUv,
 KB‡qi †Z‡j KB fvRv = c‡ii Dci w`‡q ¯^v_© D×vi|
 Kvbv †Q‡ji bvg cÙ‡jvPb = hvi †h ¸Y †bB, Zv‡K †mB
¸‡Y Awfwl³ Kiv|
 KuvUv w`‡q KuvUv †Zvjv = kÎæ bvk|
 K‡bi N‡i wcwm, e‡ii N‡i gvmx = Dfq‡K †jwj‡q w`‡q
¯^v_© D×viKvix|
 ‡Kv_v hvI †Mvcvj, m‡½ hv‡e Kcvj = fvM¨ wPim½x|
 Kqjv hvq bv ay‡j, ¯^fve hvq bv gi‡j = Lvivc †jvK mn‡R
Zvi ¯^fve cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
 Kv‡Ri †ejvq KvRx, KvR dziv‡j cvRx = cÖ‡qvR‡b KvD‡K
Kv‡Q WvKv, AcÖ‡qvR‡b gyL wdwi‡q †bIqv|
 KuvPvq bv †bvqv‡j euvk cvK‡j K‡i Vvm Vvm = †QvU‡ejvq
wk¶v bv wb‡q eo n‡j cwiYZ eq‡m Zv m¤¢e bq|
 Kv‡b w`‡qwQ Zzjv Avi wc‡V †eu‡awQ gyjv = we‡kl mn¨ kw³
I •ah© AvqË Kiv|
 Kcvj ¸‡Y †Mvcvj VvKzi = A`„ó fvj _vwK‡j †hvM¨Zvnxb
†jvKI eo nq|
 Kvbv Miæ evgyb‡K `vb = A‡K‡Rv wRwbm `vb Kwiqv `v‡bi
c~Y¨ jv‡fi †Póv Kiv|
 Kzwg‡ii m‡½ weev` K‡i R‡j evm Kiv = hvnvi †hLv‡b
cÖfyZ¡ †mLv‡b Zvnvi m‡½ we‡iva Kwiqv _vKv hvq bv|
 Kó bv Ki‡j †Kó wg‡j bv = mvabv Qvov mvdj¨ jvf Kiv
hvq bv|
 KvOv‡ji K_v evwm n‡j Lv‡U = ¸iæZ¡ bv †`Iqv †jv‡Ki
K_vi `vg wec‡` cwo‡jB †evSv hvq|
 Kv‡iv †c․Íl gvm, Kv‡iv me©bvk = G‡Ki jv‡f A‡b¨i ¶wZ|
 ‡KD g‡i wej †Qu‡P, †KD Lvq •K = G‡Ki cwikª‡g A‡b¨i
wejvwmZv|
 ‡Ku‡Pv Lyuo‡Z wM‡q mvc †e‡iv‡bv = Zz‪Q wel‡qi m~‡Î RwUj mgm¨vi
D™¢e|
L
 wL‡` †c‡j fv‡N avb Lvq = cÖ‡qvR‡bi AvwaK¨|
 Lvj †K‡U Kzgxi Avbv = wb‡Ri wec` wb‡R †W‡K Avbv|
 LyuwUi †Rv‡i †fov bv‡P = kw³kvjx e¨w³i c„ô‡cvlKZvq
A‡hvM¨ e¨w³iI kw³ †`Lv‡bv m¤¢e|
 Lvm Zvjy‡Ki cÖRv = Lye AbyMZ e¨w³|
M
 Muv‡q gv‡b bv Avcwb †gvoj = A‡b¨ bv gvwb‡jI wb‡R‡K
eo ewjqv g‡b Kiv|
 ‡Mvbv Miæ ev‡N Lvq bv = wn‡m‡ei Miæ ev‡N Lvq bv|
 Miæ †g‡i Ry‡Zv `vb = KvnviI h‡_ó ¶wZ Kwiqv c‡i
ZvnviB mvgvb¨ DcKvi Kiv|
 Mv‡Q KuvVvj †Muv‡d †Zj = fwel¨‡Zi `iækq D`MÖxe nBqv
_vKv|
 Mv‡QiI Lvq, ZjviI Kzovq = GKB m‡½ GKvwaK ¯^v_©wmw×
Kiv|
 ‡Mu‡qv †hvMx wfL cvq bv = wb‡Ri GjvKvq ¸Yxi Av`i
†bB|
 Ni‡cvov Miæ wmu`y‡i †gN `‡L Wivq = eo wec‡`i AwfÁZv
AKvi‡YB fxZ Kwiqv †Zv‡j|
 ‡Mv- go‡K gywPi cve©Y = G‡Ki ¶wZ‡Z Ac‡ii jvf
 M`vB j¯‥ix Pvj = `xN©mywÎZvi fve
 Miæ †g‡i Ry‡Zv `vb = †ekx ¶wZ K‡i mvgvb¨ wKQy w`‡q Lywk Kivi
†Póv

16. 16
N
 N‡ii †L‡q e‡bi †gvl Zvov‡bv = wb‡Ri ¶wZ K‡i A‡b¨i DcKvi
Kiv|
 Ny Ny †`‡LQ duv` †`Lwb = PZzi e¨w³‡K †K․k‡j Rã Kivi
Bw½Z|
P
 PKPK Kwi‡j †mvbv nq bv = †Pnviv‡Z Avmj ¸Y aiv hvq bv|
 ‡Pviv bv †kv‡b a‡g©i Kvwnbx = Dc‡`k w`qv Amr‡K mr Kiv
hvq bv|
 PvPv Avcb cÖvY evuPv = wb‡Ri Rxeb i¶v Kwiqv Zvici
Ab¨‡K mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ nvZ evovI|
 PvgwP‡KI cvwL, wWcywUI nvwKg = AvKv‡i ev PvjPj‡b eo
ewjqv g‡b nB‡jB cÖK…Z eo nq bv|
 ‡Pbv evgy‡bi •c‡Z jv‡M bv = †hvM¨ †jv‡Ki Rb¨ mycvwik jv‡M
bv|
 ‡Pvi cvjv‡j eyw× ev‡o = NUbv NwUqv hvBevi ci Zvnv
GovBevi c_ cvIqv|
 ‡Pv‡i †Pv‡i gvmZz‡Zv fvB = Acivaxiv G‡K A‡b¨i mvnvh¨Kvix
nq|
 ‡Pviv bv ï‡b a‡g©i Kvwnbx = g›` †jvK fvj Dc‡`‡k Kvb
†`q bv|
 ‡Pv‡ii mv¶x MuvU KvUv = g›` †jvKB g›` †jvK‡K mvnvh¨
K‡i|
Q
 ‡Quov Kuv_vq ï‡q jvL UvKvi ¯^c′ †`Lv = Am¤¢e Kíbv Kiv|
 QvB †dj‡Z fv½v Kz‡jv = mvgvb¨ Kv‡Ri mvgvb¨ cvÎ|
 QzuP n‡q Xy‡K dvj n‡q †e‡iv‡bv = `qvcÖv_©x nBqv XywKqv
weivU Awbó Kwiqv Pwjqv hvIqv|
 ‡Q‡o †` gv †Ku‡` euvwP = †Kvb AevwÂZ Sv‡gjv nB‡Z gyw³
cvBevi AvKzjZv|
R
 ‡Rvi hvi gyjyK Zvi = kw³kvjxivB wU‡K _v‡K|
 Ry‡Zv †mjvB †_‡K PwÐcvV = †QvU-eo hveZxq KvR Kiv|
S
 ‡Svc ey‡S †Kvc gviv = my‡hv‡Mi mبenvi Kiv|
 S‡o eK g‡i dwK‡ii †KivgwZ ev‡o = A‡b¨i Øviv
m¤úvw`Z K…wZZ¡ wb‡Ri e‡j `vwe Kiv|
V
 VM evQ‡Z Muv D‡Rvo = †hLv‡b g‡›`i msL¨vwaK¨, †mLv‡b
fvj evQvB Kiv hvq bv|
 ‡Vjvi vbg evevRx = Pv‡c c‡o bwZ ¯^xKvi Kiv|
W/X
 Wy‡e Wy‡e Rj LvIqv = †Mvc‡b †Mvc‡b †Kvb KvR Kiv|
 Xvj †bB Z‡jvqvi †bB wbwaivg m`©vi = ¶gZv †bB wKš‧ Avõvjb
Av‡Q|
 ‡XuwK ¯^‡M© †M‡jI avb fv‡b = me©ÎB †h GKB iK‡gi `vq-
MvwqZ¡ enb K‡i|
 ‡XwK ¯^‡M© †M‡jI avb fv‡b = A`„ó me©Î m‡½ m‡½ hvq
Z
 Zß fv‡Z byb †Rv‡U bv, cv‰Ív fv‡Z wN = cª‡qvRbxq KvR
mvgjvBevi mvg_¨© bvB hLb, ZLb AcÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡Ri cÖwZ
†SvuK †`Lv‡bv|
 ‡Zjv gv_vq †Zj †`qv = hvi Av‡Q, Zv‡K AviI †`Iqv|
 Zzwg †di Wv‡j Wv‡j, Avwg wdwi cvZvq cvZvq = Pvjv‡Ki
†P‡qI †ewk PvjvwK Kiv|
`
 `k P‡µ fMevb f~Z = GKvwaK †jv‡K wg‡j fvj‡KI g›`
e‡j cÖwZcbœ Kiv|
 `y‡ai mva †Nv‡j †g‡U bv = Avmj wRwb‡mi Avb›` bK‡j
cvIqv hvq bv|
 `‡ki jvwV G‡Ki †evSv = GKR‡bi c‡¶ hvnv KwVb,
`kR‡bi c‡¶ Zvnv AwZ mnR|
 `uvZ _vK‡Z `uv‡Zi gg© †ev‡S bv = †Kvb wKQzi Afve bv
n‡j †m wel‡qi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb Kiv hvq bv|
 `ya-Kjv w`‡q Kvjmvc †cvlv = kÎ ‡K mhy‡Z¡ cÖwZcvjb|
 ‣`Z¨Kz‡ji cÖnjv` = g›` cwi‡e‡k fvj †jvK |
a
 awi gvQ bv QuyB cvwb = wKQz gvÎ †eM bv †c‡q nq Ggb †K․k‡j wmw×|
 aiv‡K mivÁvb Kiv = KvD‡K c‡ivqv bv Kiv|
 a‡g©i XvKv Avcwb ev‡R = †kl ch©šÍ mZ¨ cÖKvk cv‡eB|
 a‡g©i Kj evZv‡m b‡o = A‡b¨i mgv‡jvPbv bv Kwiqv wb‡Ri
KvR wb‡R Kiv|
b
 ‡bov `yevi †ejZjvq hvq bv = GKB wec‡` gvbyl AwaKevi
cwZZ nq bv|
 bvbv gywbi bvbv gZ = wewfbœ †jv‡Ki wewfbœ gZ|
 bvB gvgvi †P‡q Kvbv gvgv fvj = bv _vKvi †P‡q mvgvb¨ _vKvB fvj|
 bvP‡Z bv Rvb‡j DVvb euvKv = A‡K‡Rv †jvK Kv‡Ri
Amvd‡j¨i Rb¨ A‡b¨i †`vl †`q|
 byb LvB hvi, ¸Y MvB Zvi = DcKvixi DcKvi Kiv|
 byb Avb‡Z cvbZv dyivq = `vwi`ªMÖ¯Í Rxeb
 bv‡Ki ej‡` biæb = wfbœ wRwb‡m mvgb¨ ¶wZc~ib

17. 17
c
 ‡c‡U †L‡j wc‡V mq = jv‡fi cÖZ¨vkvq Kó mn¨ Kiv|
 c_ Pj‡e †R‡b, Kwo †b‡e ¸‡Y = c‡_i fv‡jvg›`
†R‡bï‡b c_ Pj‡Z nq Ges KviI KvQ †_‡K UvKv cqmv
†bIqvi mgq ¸‡Y wb‡Z nq|
 c‡ii a‡b †cvÏvwi = Ac‡ii A_© h‡_ó e¨q Kiv|
 c‡ii gv_vq KuvVvj fvOv = Aci‡K Kó w`‡q wb‡Ri ¯^v_© nvwmj
Kiv|
 cv‡ci ab cÖvqwð‡Ëi hvq = Am`ycv‡q AwR©Z ab Amr
c‡_B e¨wqZ nq|
 c‡ii Nv‡i e‱`yK †i‡L wkKvi = A‡b¨i Dci `vq ivwLqv ¯^v_©
D×vi Kiv|
 ce‡©Zi gywlK cÖme = weivU Avo¤^‡ii Zy‪Q cwiYwZ
 wuc‡oq e‡m †cu‡ovi LiP = bMb¨ †jv‡Ki ¸iZ¡c~b© Lei
ivLv|
e
 eRª AvUzwb d¯‥v †M‡iv = evB‡i kw³gvb †fZ‡i `ye©j
 euv‡ki †P‡q Kw eo = ev‡ci †P‡q †Q‡ji †ZR †ewk|
 evgyb n‡q Puv‡` nvZ = †QvUi AwZ eo kL|
 em‡Z †c‡j ï‡Z Pvq = wKQz myweav cvB‡j Av‡iv AwaK myweav
`vwe Kiv|
 webv †g‡N eRªcvZ = AvKw¯§K wec` Dcw¯ Z nIqv|
 wel †bB Zvi Avevi Kz‡jvcbv P°i = ¶gZvnx‡bi A‡nZzK
Avõvjb|
 ev‡N Qz‡j AvVvi Nv = `yó †jv‡Ki cvjvq co‡j wKQz bv wKQz ¶wZ
n‡eB|
 evi nvZ KuvKz‡oi †Zi nvZ exwP = g~j welq A‡c¶v
AcÖ‡qvRbxq wel‡qi evovevwo|
 webv evZv‡m cvZv b‡o bv = KviY Qvov †Kvb KvR nq bv|
 eP‡b RMr Zzó = wgwó K_v ej‡j mevB mš‧ó _v‡K|
f
 fvM¨ev‡bi †evSv fMev‡b eq = fvM¨evb †jv‡Kiv †Kv_vI
AvUKvq bv|
 fvZ Qov‡j Kv‡Ki Afve nq bv = UvKv _vwK‡j Kv‡Ri
†jv‡Ki Afve nq bv|
 wf‡¶i Pvj Kuvov Avi AvKvov = `qvi `v‡bi fvj-g›` wePvi
P‡j bv|
g
 ‡gvjøvi †`․Ío gmwR` ch©‰Í = Kvh©¶gZvi wbw`©ó mxgv|
 giv nvwZ jvL UvKv = g~j¨evb e¯‧i wKQz ¶wZ n‡jI Aewkó
As‡ki g~j¨ _v‡K cÖPzi|
 g‡‰Í¿i mvab wKsev kixi cvZb = ‡Kvb KvR m¤úv`b Kivi
Rb¨ `„p-cÖwZÁ nIqv|
 gkv gvi‡Z Kvgvb `vMv = mvgvb¨ e¨vcv‡i weivU Av‡qvRb|
 giv evN‡K wKwj‡q gviv = wg_¨v evnv`yix
h
 hZ M‡R© ZZ e‡l© bv = Avo¤^i Abyhvqx KvR bv nIqv|
 hv‡K †`L‡Z bvwi Zvi Pjb euvKv = hv‡K cQ›` nq bv, Zvi
cÖ‡Z¨K Kv‡RB †`vl|
 hvi jvwV Zvi gvwU = †Rvi hvi gyjyK Zvi|
 hvi R¡vjv †mB Rv‡b = f~³‡fvMxB h_v_© `ytL Dcjw× Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
 hZ †`vl b‱`‡Nvl = †Kvb `ye©j e¨w³‡K me †`v‡li Rb¨ `vqx
Kiv|
 hZ¶Y k¦vm, ZZ¶Y Avku = †kl Aewa Avkv Z¨vM bv Kiv|
 hvi Rb¨ Pzwi Kwi †mB e‡j ‡Pvi = hvnvi DcKvi Kiv nBj,
†m-B hLb wb›`v K‡i|
 hvi Kg© Zvi mv‡R, Ab¨ †jv‡Ki jvwV ev‡R = †h †jvK †h
Kv‡Ri †hvM¨ bq, Zvnvi Øviv †m KvR nq bv|
 ‡hLv‡b ev‡Ni fq †mLv‡b ivZ nq = GKvwaK wec` GKm‡½
NUv|
 ‡hgb ey‡bv Ij, †Zgwb evNv †ZuZzj = †mqv‡b †mqv‡b
gy‡LvgywL|
i
 i_ †`Lv Kjv †ePv = GK wX‡j `yB cvwL gviv|
 ivRvq ivRvq hy× nq, DjyLvMovi cÖvY hvq = ¶gZvevb‡`i
؇›`i d‡j mvaviY †jv‡Ki Rxeb wecbœ nIqv|
j
 jv‡M UvKv †`‡e †M․ix‡mb = A‡b¨i Dci fimv Kwiqv
†ewnmv‡e LiP Kiv|
 ‡jey KPjv‡j †Z‡Zv nq = ‡h †Kvb e¨vcv‡i †ewk NuvUvNuvwU
Kwi‡j AkvwšÍi D‡`ªK nq|
k/m
 wkKvwi weovj †Muv‡d †Pbv hvq = nvefve †`wLqv †evSv hvq|
 mv‡ci nuvwP †e‡` †P‡b = cÖK…Z j¶Y AwfÁ †jvKB †ev‡S|
 m¯Ívi wZb Ae¯ v = m¯Ívi `ªe¨ cÖvqB Livc _v‡K|
 mey‡i †gIqv d‡j = •a‡h© mydj d‡j|
 mg‡qi GK †duvo, Amg‡qi `k †duvo = mgq _vwK‡Z
mveavb nB‡j wec`Kv‡j †invB cvIqv hvq|
 mvc n‡q Kv‡Uv Zzwg, ISv nq Sv‡ov = Dfq c‡¶i
civgk©`vZv wn‡m‡e †h KcUZv K‡i|

18. 18
 my‡L _vK‡Z fy‡Z wK‡jvq = †evKvwgi Kvi‡Y Sv‡gjvq RwoZ nBqv
cov|
n
 nvwZi cuvP cv †`Lv = †m․fvM¨ M‡e© AwZkq evovevwo|
 nv‡Z gv‡i bv, fv‡Z gv‡i = cÖZ¨¶fv‡e †Kvb kÎæZv bv
Kwiqv Aj‡¶¨ me©bvk mvab Kiv|
Abyev`
01. Ill got, ill spent- cv‡ci ab cÖqwð‡Ë hvq|
02. Grasp all, lose all - †jv‡f cvc cv‡c g„Zz¨|
03. Harm watch, harm catch.- givnvZx jvL UvKv|
04. All covet, All lost . - AwZ †jv‡f ZvuwZ bó|
05. Waste not, want not,-AcPq Ki bv,
Afv‡e‡Z c‡ov bv|
06. Fools praise fools- g~L©B g~‡L©i K`i K‡i|
07. Silence is half consent- bxieZvB A‡a©K m¤§wZ|
08. A friend in need is a friend indeed- wec‡`i eÜzi
cwiPq|
09. After death comes the doctor.- †Pvi cvjv‡j eyw×
ev‡o|
10. While in rome do as Romans do-†hLv‡b †hgb
†mLv‡b †Zgb|
11. No pains, no gains.- Kó bv Ki‡j †Kó ‡g‡j bv|
12. Grapes are sour- Av½yi dj UK|
13. Man proposes, God disposes- gvbyl fv‡e GK, nq Avi
GK|
14. It takes two to make a quarrel- GK nv‡Z Zvwj ev‡R
bv|
15. It’s your own look out.- GUv †Zvgvi wbR¯^
e¨vcvi|
16. I am looking forward to seeing you - Avwg
†Zvgvi w`‡K †P‡q AvwQ
17. Money begets money.- UvKvq UvKv Av‡b|
18. Necessity knows no law- cÖ‡qvRb †Kvb AvBb
gv‡b bv|
19. Don’t Shirk School-¯‥zj cvwjI bv|
20. Life is not worth living without friendship-
eÜzZ¡ Qvov Rxeb my›`i nq bv|
21. Too much courtesy too much craft- AwZ fw³
†Pv‡ii j¶Y|
22. He has gone to dogs-†m †Mvjøvq †M‡Q|
23. A stictch in line saves nine- mg‡q GK †dvo
Amg‡q `k †duvo|
24. A bad workman quarrels with his tools-
bvP‡Z bv Rvb‡j DVvb euvKv|
25. A to Z- m¤ú~Y©fv‡e|
26. Penny wise, pound foolish- eRª AvUzwb d¯‥v
†M‡iv|
27. A cock and bull story.- Avlv‡p Mí|
28. As you sow, So you reap- †hgb Kg©, †Zgb dj|
29. Diamond Cuts Dimonds- gvwb‡K gvwbK †P‡b|
30. All is well that ends well - me fvj Zvi †kl fvj
hvi
31. Cut your coat according to your cloth- Avq
ey‡S e¨q Ki|
32. It is a long story- †m A‡bK K_v|
33. The lion is a beast of prey- wmsn wkKvix cï|
34. One should love one’s Country- cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB
†`k‡K fvjevmv DwPZ|
35. Nero fiddles while Rome burns- KviI †c․Íl
gvm KviI me©bvk|
36. Man is the best creature of Allah- gvbyl
Avjøvni me‡P‡q †kªôRxe|
37. The examination is knocking at the door-
cix¶v mwbœK‡U|
38. Modern Science is a blessing- AvaywbK weÁvb
Avkx©ev`|
39. Health is wealth- ¯^v¯ ¨B m¤ú`|
40. Practice makes a man perfect- MvB‡Z MvB‡Z
Mv‡qb|
41. Students should observe the laws of
health.- QvÎ QvÎx‡`i ¯^v¯ ¨wewa †g‡b Pjv DwPZ|
42. Books are men’s best companion in life-
cy¯ÍK gvby‡li DËg m½x|
43. River serves us in many ways- `x bvbv fv‡e
Avgv‡`i DcKvi K‡i|
44. There is nothing nobler than forgiveness-
¶gv Kivi †P‡q gnr Avi wKQz †bB|
45. Two is Company three is none- `yR‡b eÜzZ¡ nq
wZbR‡b Kjn|

19. 19
46. Don’t built castle in the air- AvKvk Kzmyg wPšÍv
Ki bv|
47. Books are a man’s best Companions in life-
cy¯ÍK gvby‡li Rxe‡bi DËg m½|
48. Look before you leap- fvweqv KwiI KvR|
49. We must have plenty of exercise- Avgv‡`i
Aek¨B A‡bK e¨vqvg Kiv DwPZ|
50. Industry is the root of success- cwikªg DbœwZi
g~j|
51. What are the demands that our freedom makes
on us. - ¯^vaxbZv Avgv‡`i Dci †Kvb †Kvb `vwqZ¡ eZ©vq|
52. We should have respect for our elder- eo‡`i
cÖwZ Avgv‡`i kª×v _vKv DwPZ|
53. Have patience in danger- wec‡` •ah© avib Ki|
54. There are many villages around Dhaka-
XvKvi Pvicv‡k A‡bK MÖvg i‡q‡Q|
55. The rose is a very beautiful flower- †Mvjvc Lye
my›`i dzj|
56. No person can be happy without friends. -
eÜz e¨ZxZ †Kvb e¨w³B myLx n‡Z cv‡i bv|
57. Poverty is a great problem in our life- `vwi`ª¨
Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b GK weivU Awfkvc|
58. Man is the architect of his own life. - gvbyl
Zvi wbR Rxe‡bi ¯ cwZ|
59. Honesty is the best policy- mZZvB DrK…ó cšÍ v|
60. His thirst for knowledge increased with his
age - eq‡mi m‡½ m‡½ Zvi Ávb wccvmv †e‡o hvq|
61. He is out of luck - Zvi †cvov Kcvj|
62. It is raining cats and dogs - g~ljav‡i e„wó n‡‪Q
63. He is good at mathematics and Science - †m
A‡¼ I weÁv‡b fvj
64. He lives hand to mouth - †m w`‡b Av‡b w`‡b
Lvq|
65. The Cow lives on grass - Miæ Nvm †L‡q Rxeb aviY
K‡i|
66. All his geese are swans – Avcb cY¨ mK‡jB
fv‡jv e‡j|
67. A man is known the company he keeps- m½
†`‡L †jvK †Pbv hvq|
68. A tree is known by its fruit- bv‡g bq K‡g©
cwiPq|
69. A stich in times saves nine- mg‡qi GK †duvo
Amg‡qi `k †duvo|
70. Birds of the same fether flock together-
‡Pv‡i †Pv‡i gvmZz‡Zv fvB
71. Blessing are not valued till they are gone-
`uvZ _vK‡Z `uv‡Zi gh©v`v †evSv hvq bv|
72. Blood is thicker than water - i‡³i Uvb eo
Uvb|
73. Black will take no other hue- Kqjv ayB‡j gqjv
hvqbv|
74. Better alone than bad company- Kzm‡½ _vKvi
†P‡q GKv _vKvI fv‡jv|
75. Don`t count chickens before they are
hatched- Mv‡Q KuvVvj †Mv‡d †Zj|
76. Danger often comes where danger is
feared- ‡hLv‡b ev‡Ni fq †mLv‡bB ivwÎ nq|
77. Faults is thick where love is thin- hv‡i †`L‡Z
bvwi Zvi Pjb euvKv|
78. Good wins no bush- †Pbv evgy‡bi •cZv jv‡Mbv|
79. Great minds think alike- gnr †jv‡Kiv GKiKg wP‰Ív
K‡i|
80. He is light fingured- Zvi nvZUvb Av‡Q|
81. Hunger is the best sauce- ¶zav †c‡j ev‡N avb
Lvq|
82. It is lesser evil- GwU g‡‱`i fv‡jv|
83. Ill got, ill spent- cv‡ci ab cÖvqwð‡Ë hvq|
84. I am sick of flatterers- PvUzKvi‡`i Avgvi fv‡jv jv‡M bv|
85. Like father like sons- evcKv †eUv †mcvBKv †Nvov|
86. Like cure like- KuvUv w`‡q KuvUv †Zvjv|
87. Necessity knows no law- Afv‡e ¯^fve bó|
88. No smoke without fire- Kvib Qvov Kvh© nqbv|
89. Pride goeth before destruction- AwZ evo
†e‡ovbv S‡o c‡o hv‡e|
90. Every dog his day- cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rxe‡b GKvewi myw`b
Av‡m|
91. Set a thief to catch o thief- KuvUv w`‡q KuvUv
†Zvjv|
92. Self preservation is the first law of nature-
Avcwb euvP‡j ev‡ci bvg|
93. Make hay while the sun shines- †Svc ey‡S †Kvc
gviv|
94. To the pure all things are pure- Avcwb fv‡jv
†Zv RMr fv‡jv|
95. The child is the father to the man- DVw‰Í gyjv
cˇbB †Pbv hvq|
96. To add insult to unjury- KuvUv Nv‡q by‡bi wQUv|
97. To make a mess thing- fy‡Zi ev‡ci kªv×|

20. 20
98. To cut of own nose to spite one`s face-
wb‡Ri bvK †K‡U c‡ii hvÎv f½ Kiv|
99. Virtuethrives brstin adversity- `ytLB gvbyl‡K gnr
K‡i|
100. A dowing man catches at the straw- hZ¶Y
k¦vm ZZ¶Y Avk|
mwÜ
wbqgvbyhvqx nIqv mwܸ‡jv m¤ú‡K© c~Y© cÖ¯‧wZi Rb¨ wb‡Pi
mwܸ‡jv jÿ¨ Kiæb:
¯^imwÜ
Av = A+A
bevb′ = be + Abœ bivag = bi + Aag
wngvPj = wng + APj Ab¨vb¨ = Ab¨ + Ab¨
Acivci = Aci + Aci cÖvYvwaK = cÖvY + AwaK
¯^vaxb = ¯^ + Aaxb me©¯^v‰Í = me©¯^ + AšÍ
myh©v¯Í = m~h© + A¯Í
Av = A+Av
wmsnvmb = wmsn + Avmb wngvjq = wng + Avjq
‡`evjq = †`e + Avjq MÖ‰ vMvi = MÖš + AvMvi
‣¯^ivPvi = •¯^i + AvPvi cvVvMvi = cvV + AvMvi
iZ′vKi = iZœ + AvKi Kzkvmb = Kzk + Avmb
¯^vqZ¡ = ¯^ + AvqZ¡
Av = Av+A
Z_vwc = Z_v + Awc K_vg„Z = K_v + Ag„Z
AvkvZxZ = Avkv + AZxZ mxgv‰Í = mxgv + AšÍ
gnvN© = gnv + AN© h_v_© = h_v + A_©
AvkvwZwi³ = Avkv + AwZwi³
Av = Av+Av
we`¨vjq = we`¨v + Avjq gnvkq = gnv + Avkq
KvivMvi = Kviv + AvMvi ¶zavZzi = ¶zav + AvZzi
m`vb‱` = m`v + Avb›` gvÎvwaK¨ = gvÎv+ AvwaK¨
G = A/Av + B/C
G = A + B
b‡i‱`ª = bi + B›`ª c~‡Y©‱`y = c~Y© + B›`y
‡`‡e‱`ª = †`e + B›`ª ‡¯^‪Qv = ¯^ + B‪Qv
m‡Z¨‱`ª = mZ¨ + B›`ª ï‡f‪Qv = ïf + B‪Qv
G = A + C
A‡c¶v = Ac + C¶v f‡ek = fe + Ck
b‡ik = bi + Ck M‡Yk = Mb + Ck
iv‡R¨k¦i = ivR¨ + Ck¦i `~‡M©k = `~M© + Ck
G = Av + B
h‡_‪Qv = h_v + B‪Qv g‡n‱`ª = gnv + B›`ª
h‡_ó = h_v + Bó im‡bw‱`ªq = imbv + Bw›`ªq
G = Av + C
g‡nk = gnv + Ck i‡gk = igv + Ck
g‡nk¦i = gnv + Ck¦i Xv‡Kk¦ix = XvKv + Ck¦ix
M‡½k¦i = M½v + Ck¦i
A/Av + D/E = I
I = A + D
b‡ivËg = bi + DËg c‡ivcKvi = ci+DcKvi
m~‡h©v`q = m~h© + D`q d‡jv`q = dj + D`q
DˇivËi = DËi + DËi kx‡Zvò = kxZ + Dò
R‡jv‪Q¡vm = Rj + D‪Q¡vm bx‡jvrcj = bxj + Drcj
wn‡Zvc‡`k = wnZ + Dc‡`k g~‡jv‡‪Q` = g~j+ D‡‪Q`
m‡e©v‪P = me© + D‪P `x‡N©v‪PviY = `xN© + D‪PviY
cÖ‡k′vËi = cÖkœ + DËi
I = A + E
P‡jvwg© = Pj + Ewg© b‡evpv = be + Epv
M„‡nvaŸ© = M„n + EaŸ© m‡e©vaŸ© = me© + EaŸ©
G‡KvbweskwZ = GK + EbweskwZ
I = Av + D
g‡nvrme = gnv + Drme h‡_vwPZ = h_v + DwPZ
K‡_vcK_b = K_v + DcK_b
h‡_vchy³ = h_v + Dchy³ g‡nvcKvi = gnv + DcKvi
g‡nv`q = gnv + D`q
I = Av + E
g‡nvaŸ© = gnv + EaŸ© m‡½vwg© = m½v + Ewg©
g‡nvwg = gnv + Ewg©
A/Av + G/H = H
H = A + G
G‣KK = GK + GK R‣bK = Rb + GK
wn‣Zlx = wnZ + Glx m‡e©e = me© + Ge
H = A + H
g‣ZK¨ = gZ + HK¨ A‣bK¨ = Ab + HK¨
a‣bk¦h© = ab + Hk¦h© iv‣Rk¦h© = ivR + Hk¦h©
fv‣ek¦h© = fve + Hk¦h© fv‣eK¨ = fve + HK¨
H = Av + G
m‣`e = m`v + Ge Z‣_e = Z_v + Ge

21. 21
H = Av + H
iv‣Rk¦h© = ivRv + Hk¦h© g‣nk¦h© = gnv + Hk¦h©
g‣nK¨ = gnv + HK¨
A/Av + I/J = J
J = A + I
e‡b․lwa = eb + Ilwa gvs‡m․`b = gvsm + I`b
R‡j․N = Rj + IN MÖv‡g․K = MÖvg + IK
R‡j․K = Rj + IK
J = A + J
ci‡g․la = cig + Jla wP‡Ë․`vh© = wPË + J`vh©
w`‡e․la = w`e¨ + Jla
J = Av + I
K‡_․lwa = K_v + Ilwa g‡n․lwa = gnv + Ilwa
M‡½․N = M½v + IN
J = Av + J
g‡n․la = gnv + Jla g‡n․`vh© = gnv + J`vh©
g‡n․`vm¨ = gnv + J`vm¨
B/C + B/C = C
C = B + B
Kex‱`ª = Kwe + B›`ª Afxó = Awf + Bó
iex‱`ª = iwe + B›`ª AZxZ = AwZ + BZ
hZx‱`ª = hwZ + B›`ª wMix‱`ª = wMwi + B›`ª
gy³x‪Qv = gyw³ + B‪Qv gYx‱`ª = gwY + B›`ª
AZxe = AwZ + Be AZx‱`ª = AwZ + B›`ª
cÖZxZ = cÖwZ + BZ
C = B + C
cix¶v = cwi + C¶v cÖZx¶v = cÖwZ + C¶v
Aaxk¦i = Awa + Ck¦i wMixk = wMwi + Ck
w¶Zxk = w¶wZ + Ck Afxáv = Awf + Cáv
B = C + B
my`x‱`ª = myax + B›`ª gnx‱`ª = gnx + B›`ª
gnx‱`ª = gnx + B›`ª ‡hvMx‱`ª = †hvMx + B›`ª
dYx‱`ª = dYx + B›`ª
C = C + C
j²xk = j²x + Ck c„w_exk¦i = c„w_ex + Ck¦i
c„w_¡xk¦i = c„_¡x + Ck¦i Aebxk¦i = AeYx + Ck¦i
c„w_¡xk = c„_¡x + Ck kªxk = kªx + Cl
mZxk = mZx + Ck gnxk¦i = gnx + Ck¦i
dYxk¦i = dYx + Ck¦i
B/C + B/C (wfb′¯^i) = Ôh&Õ + wfb′¯^i
h`¨wc = hw` + Awc AZ¨vPvi = AwZ + AvPvi
BZ¨vw` = BwZ + Avw` Afy¨`q = Awf + D`q
AZ¨‰Í = AwZ + AšÍ AZz¨‪P = AwZ + D‪P
cÖZz¨l = cÖwZ + Dl cÖ‡Z¨K = cÖwZ+GK
Rv‣Z¨K¨ = RvwZ + HK¨ A‡Z¨vN = AwZ + IN
A‡Z¨․Íla = AwZ + Jla b`¨‰Í = b`x + AšÍ
b`¨vKvi = b`x + AvKvi b`y¨cwi = b`x + Dcwi
b`~¨wg© = b`x + Ewg© b‡`¨vN = b`x + IN
MZ¨‰Íi = MwZ + AšÍi BZ¨emi = BwZ + Aemi
cÖZ¨¶ = cÖwZ + A¶ cÖZ¨n = cÖwZ + An
e¨e¯ v = we + Ae¯ v cÖZ¨vkv = cÖwZ + Avkv
cÖZ¨veZ©b = cÖwZ + AveZ©b e¨vwa = we + Avwa
e¨vnZ = we + AvnZ e¨_© = we + A_©
e¨vKzj = we + AvKzj e¨envi = we + Aenvi
e¨envi = we + AÄb AZ¨vðh© = AwZ + Avðh©
BZ¨vKvi = BwZ + AvKvi cÖZz¨cKvi = cÖwZ + DcKi
AZz¨w³ = AwZ + Dw³ Afy¨Ìvb = Awf + DÌvb
AZz¨aŸ© = AwZ + DaŸ© A‣Z¨k¦h© = AwZ + Hk¦h©
b`¨¤^y = b`x + A¤^y gm¨vavi = gmx + Avavi
by¨b = wb + Db AZ¨waK = AwZ + AwaK
Dchy©cwi = Dcwi + Dcwi cÖZ¨vL¨vb = cÖwZ + AvL¨vb
ch©v‡jvPbv= cwi + Av‡jvPbv Aa¨¶ = Awa + A¶
Av`¨‰Í = Avw` + AšÍ cÖZz¨Ëi = cÖwZ + DËi
D/E + D/E = E
E = D + D
wea~`q = weay + D`q ga~rme = gay + Drme
mva~Ëg = mvay + DËg KU~w³ = KUz + Dw³
Pviƒi = Pviæ + Di giƒ`¨vb = giæ + D`¨vb
Ab~w`Z = Aby + Dw`Z m~w³ = my + Dw³
m~³ = my + D³
E = D + E
jN~wg© = jNy + Ewg© en~aŸ© = eû + EaŸ©
AY~aŸ© = AYy + EaŸ© ZiƒaŸ© = Ziæ + DaŸ©
E = E + D
ea~rme = ea~ + Drme ea~w³ = ea~ + Dw³
ea~wPZ = ea~ + DwPZ
E = E + E
f~aŸ© = f~ + EaŸ© mih~wg = mih~ + Ewg©

22. 22
D/E + Ab¨¯^i = ÔiÕ + Ab¨¯^i
A‰^q = Aby + Aq ¯^vMZg = my + AvMZg
A‡‰^lY = AYy + GlY mvaŸxwnZ = mvay + CwnZ
g‰^‰Íi = gby + AšÍi ck¦vw` = cï + Avw`
gwaŸZ¨vw`= gay + BZ¨vw` eaŸvw` = ea~ + Avw`
ewaŸZ¨vw`= ea~ + BZ¨vw` ck¦ag = cï + Aag
¯^í = my + Aí ck¦vPvi = cï + AvPvi
Aw‰Í^Z = AYy + BZ Z‰^x = ZYy + C
eaŸvjq = ea~ + Avjq eaŸvMgb = ea~ + AvMgb
ck′vewj = ckœ + Avewj ¯^vMZ = my + AvMZ
A‰Í^x¶v = AYy + C¶v ¸ex© = ¸iæ + C
G/ + Ab¨¯^i = Ag& + Ab¨¯^i
Ai& = G + Ab¨¯^i
bqb = †b + Ab kqb = †k + Ab
eqb = †e + Ab
H + Ab¨¯^i = Avb + Ab¨¯^i
bvqK = •b + AK webvqK = we‣b + AK
I + Ab¨¯^i = Ae& = Ab¨¯^i
feb = †fv + Ab ceb = †cv + Ab
jeY = †jv + Ab Mevw` = †Mv + Avw`
M‡elYv = †Mv + GlYv
J + Ab¨¯^i = Ave& + Ab¨¯^i
cveK = †c․ + AK bvweK = †b․ + BK
fveyK = †f․ + DK kveK = †k․ + AK
`ªveK = †`ª․ + AK
Av + F = Ai&
Ai& =A/Av + F
‡`ewl© = †`e + Fwl wngZz© = wng& + FZz
gnwl© = gnv + Fwl ‡`eZvl©f = ‡`eZv + Flf
mßwl© = mß + Fwl DËgY© = DËg + FY
AagY© = Aag = FY ivRwl© = ivRv + Fwl
A/Av + FZ = AvZ©
kxZvZ© = kxZ + FZ `ytLvZ© = `ytL + FZ
Z…òvZ© = Z…òv + FZ ‡kvKvZ© = †kvK + FZ
fqvZ© = fq + FZ wccvmvZ© = wccvmv + FZ
¶zavZ© = ¶zav + FZ ‡e`bvZ© = †e`bv + FZ
F + Ab¨¯^i = ( ª ) i-djv + Ab¨¯^i
wcÎbygwZ = wcZ… + AbygwZ wcÎv‡`k = wcZ… + Av‡`k
wcÎwi = wcZ… + Awi gvÎv‡`k = gvZ… + Av‡`k
gvÎxk¦i = gvZ… + Ck¦i wcÎ_© = wcZ… + A_©
wcwÎ‪Qv = wcZ… + B‪Qv avÎx = avZz + C
wcÎyc‡`k = wcZ… + Dc‡`k wc‣Îk¦h© = wcZ… + Hk¦h©
gvwÎ‪Qv = gvZ… + B‪Qv gvÎyc‡`k = gvZ… + Dc‡`k
e¨vÄbmwÜ
eMx©q Z…Zxq eY©
(K) hw` eMx©q Z…Zxq e‡Y©i mv‡_ ¯^iaŸwbi D‪PviY _v‡K Z‡eÑ
w`M‱` = w`K& + AšÍ evMvo¤^i = evK& + Avo¤^i
evMxk = evK& + Ck RM`‰Í = RMr +AšÍ
RM`xk = RMr + Ck RMw`‱`ª = RMr + B›`ª
fe`yËg = fer + DËg w`wM‱`ª = w`K& + B›`ª
RM`xk¦i = RMr + Ck¦i AR‰Í = AP& + AšÍ
evM_© = evK& + A_© c„_Mb′ = c„_K& + Abœ
evMxk¦ix = evK& + Ck¦ix
cÖv‣MwZnvwmK = cÖvK& + HwZnvwmK
wbR‰Í = wbP& + AšÍ AR‰Ív = AP& + AšÍv
lovbb = lU& + Avbb loFZz = lU& + FZz
K…`‰Í = K…r + AšÍ g„`½ = g„r + A½
m`vb‱` = mr + Avb›` m`vkq = mr + Avkq
Z`‰Í = Zr + AšÍ e„n`viY¨K = e„nr + AviY¨K
Z`ewa = Zr + Aewa mw`‪Qv = mr + B‪Qv
m`y‡Ïk = mr + D‡Ïk mye‰Í = myc& + AšÍ
m`yc‡`k = mr + Dc‡`k gn‡`․la = gnr + Jla
cÖv¸³ = cÖvK& + D³ lo½ = lU& + A½
l‣ok¦h© = lU& + Hk¦h© m`_©K = mr + A_©K
g„`½ = g„r + A½ kiw`‱`y = kir + B›`y
AewM′ = Ac& + AwMœ AweÜb = Ac& + BÜb
(L) hw` eMx©q 3q e‡Y©i mv‡_ ¯^iaŸwbi D‪PviY bv _v‡KÑ
evM&Rvj = evK& + Rvj w`M&MR = w`K& + MR
evM&`vb = evK& + `vb RM`&bv_ = RMr + bv_
FM&†e` = FK& + †e` evM&h‰¿ = evK& + hš¿
evM&`Ëv = evK& + `Ëv w`M&`k©b = w`K& + `k©b
evM&aviv = evK& + aviv lo&R = lU& + R
lo&`k©b = lU& + `k©b lo&av = lU& + av
lo&wesk = lU& + wesk lo&fyR = lU& + fyR
D`MZ = Dr + MZ D`Nvib = Dr + NvUb
w`M&n¯Íx = w`K& + n¯Íx loh‰¿ = lU& + hš¿
D`&hvcb = Dr + hvcb w‫‮‬M&åg = w`K& + åg
loiM = lU& + iM w`Måv‰Í = w`K& + åvšÍ
(M) hw` eMx©q 3q e‡Y©i hy³ eY© _v‡KÑ
e„n×a = e„nr + ag© Am`ªƒc = Amr + iƒc
RMØÜz = RMr + eÜz gnØb = gnr + eb
KzÀwUKv = Kzr + SwUKv Z`ªæc = Zr + iæc
D`¨g = Dr + hg D`¨Z = Dr + hZ
D‡`¨vM = Dr + †hvM w`wM¦Rq = w`K& + weRq

23. 23
RMwØL¨vZ= RMr + weL¨vZ D ¢e = Dr + fe
Dw ¢` = Dr + wf` Z ¢e = Zr + fe
m ¢ve = mr + fve Aâ = Ac + R
Ô‪QÕ
hw` (P) ev` w`‡q `yB cv‡k fv½v hvqÑ
j²x‪Qvqv = j²x + Qvqv cwi‪Q` = cwi + Q`
e„¶Qvqv = e„¶ + Qvqv Ziæ‪Qvqv = Ziæ + Qvqv
Av‪Qv`b = Av + Qv`b GK‪QÎ = GK + QÎ
¯^‪Q‱` = ¯^ + Q›` gyL‪Qwe = gyL + Qwe
cÖ‪Q` = cÖ + Q` cÖ‪Qvqv = cÖ + Qvqv
A½‡‪Q` = A½ + †Q` Av‡jvKQUv = Av‡jvK + QUv
K_v‪Q‡j = K_v + Q‡j K_v‪Q‡j = K_v + Q‡j
Av‪Qb′ = Av + Qbœ wRÁvmv‪Q‡j= wRÁvmv + Q‡j
cix¶v‪Q‡j = cix¶v + Q‡j cÖwZ‪Qwe = cÖwZ + Qwe
cwi‡‪Q` = cwi + †Q` we‡‪Q` = we + †Q`
wew‪Qb′ = we + wQbœ Aby‡‪Q` = Aby + †Q`
cwi‪Qb′ = cwi + Qbœ
hw` (P) ev` w`‡q `yB cv‡k fv½v bv hvq|
gn‪QÎ = gnr + QÎ Z‪Qwe = Z`& + Qwe
Zw‪Q`ª = Z`& + wQ`ª D‡‪Q` = Dr + †Q`
m‪QvÎ = mr + QvÎ Z‪Qvq = Z`& + Qvq
wec‪Qvqv = wec`& + Qvqv Dw‪Qb′ = Dr + wQbœ
‡h mKj †¶‡Î (Q)-Gi cwie‡Z© (k) nqÑ
RM‪QiY¨ = RMr + kiY¨ gn‪QKU = gnr + kKU
D‪Q„‫‫‬Lj = Dr + k„‫‫‬Lj D‪Q¡vk = Dr + k¦vm
Z‪Qw³ = Z`& + kw³ Pj‪Qw³ = Pi`& + kw³
wØZ¡ e¨Äb¸‡jvi †¶‡Î
D¾¡j = Dr + R¡j fe¾©b¥ = fer + Rb¥
GZ¾j = GZ`& + Rj wec¾vj = wec¾vj
RM‡¾¨vwZ = RMr + †R¨vwZ Z¾vZxq = Z`& + RvZxq
m¾b = mr + Rb Z¾b¨ = Z`& + Rb¨
RM¾xeb = RMr + Rxeb hve¾xeb = hver + Rxeb
Z¾vZxq = Z`& + RvZxq DÇxb = Dr + Wxb
feÇg&iæ = fer + Wgiæ gnÇgiæ = gnr + Rgiæ
e„njøjvU = e„nr + jjvU DwjøwLZ = Dr + wjwLZ
we`y¨jøZv = we`y¨r + jZv ZwjøwLZ = Z`& + wjwLZ
Djøvm = Dr + jvm D‡jøL¨ = Dr + †jL¨
D‡jøL = Dr + †jL feÏk©Y = fer + `k©Y
DÆjwZ = Dr + UjwZ ZÆjwZ = Z`& + UjwZ
e„nƪxKv = e„nr + UxKv enÆWKvi = e„n r + UWKvi
RMb′v_ = RMr + bv_ Db′qb = Dr + bqb
Db′wZ = Dr + bwZ Zwb′wgË = Z`& + wbwgË
Zwb′ô = Z`& + wbô ¶zwY′e„wË = ¶za& + wbe„wË
D‪PviY = Dr + PviY GZ‪PiY = GZ`& + PiY
mw‪P‰Ív = mr + wPšÍv mw‪Pr = mr + wPr
wecw‪P‰Ív = wec`& + wPšÍv wec‪Pq = wec`& + Pq
ki‪P‱`ª = kir + P›`ª Pjw‪PÎ = Pjr + wPÎ
Zw‪PÎ = Z`& + wPÎ
hy³e‡Y©i cÖ_‡g bvwmK¨ eY© _vK‡j
M‰Íe¨ = Mg& + Ze¨ M‰Ív = Mg& + Zv
Avµv‰Í = Avµvg& + Z m‰Ívc = mg& + Zvc
k¼v = kg& + Kv mÂq = mg& + Pq
`‱`k„b = mg& + `k©b m¤§vb = mg& + gvb
mb′¨vm = mg& = b¨vm wKwÂr = wKg& + wPr
mÄvZ = mg& + RvZ mÂq = mg& + Rq
M‰Íe¨ = Mg& + Ze¨ wK‰Í‧ = wKg& = Zz
mÜvb = mg& + avb mwÜ = mg& + wa
wKb′i = wKg& + bi m¤ú~Y© = mg& + c~Y©
m¤cÖ`vb = mg& + cÖ`vb m‡¤^vab = mg& + †evab
m¤§vb = mg& + gvb mw¤§jb = mg& + wgjb
ÔsÕ _vK‡j
wKsK‡ivwl= wKg& + K‡ivwl M„nsM‪Q = M„ng& + M‪Q
kÎæsRwn = kÎæg& + Rwn Kósmn = Kóg& + mn
msL¨v = mg& + L¨v msNUb = mg& + NUb
ms‡hvM = mg& + †hvM wKsev = wKg& + ev
ekse` = ekg& + e` msmvi = mg& + mvi
msnvi = mg& + nvi msea©bv = mg& + ea©bv
msjvc = mg& + jvc mshg = mg& + hg
msivM = mg& + ivM msKí = mg& + Kí
msev` = mg& + ev` ms‡kvab = mg& + †kvab
ms‡hvRb = mg& + †hvRb mskßK = mg& + kßK
mskq = mg& + kq msjM′ = mg& + jMœ
msNvZ = mg& + NvZ msMxZ = mg& + MxZ
AnsKvi = Ang& + Kvi msMVb = mg& + MVb
msKxY© = mg& + KxY© wKse`w‰Í = wKg& + e`wšÍ
wcÖqse`v = wcÖqg& + e`v wekse` = wekg& + e`
wmsn = wmb& + n msi¶v = mg& + i¶v
msNl© = mg& + Nl© msMZ = mg& + MZ
msN = mg& + N mshZ = mg& + hZ
mshy³ = mg& + hy³ msi¶Y = mg& + i¶Y
me©smnv = me©g& + mnv msnZ = mg& + nZ
ÔÌÕ-Gi †¶‡Î
DÌvb = Dr + ¯ vb DwÌwZ = Dr + w¯ wZ

24. 24
×-Gi †¶‡Î
DׄZ = Dr + üZ D×Z = Dr = nZ
Zw×Z = Z`& + wnZ D×vi = Dr + nvi
c×wZ = c`& + nwZ
r-Gi †¶‡Î
ZrKvj = Z`& + Kvj ürK¤ú = ü`& + K¤ú
ürwcÐ = ü`& + wcÐ Zrci = Z`& + ci
Zrmg = Z`& + mg ür¯ú‱`b = ü`& + ¯ú›`b
¶zrKvZi = ¶za& + KvZi ¶zrwccvmv = ¶za& + wccvmv
ó / ô
e„wó = e„l& + wZ AvK…ó = AvK…l& + Z
lô = ll& + _
wemM©mwÜ
ÔIÕ Kvi _vK‡j
m‡`¨vRvZ= m`¨t + RvZ AKz‡Zvfq= AKzZt + fq
g‡bvMvgx = gbt + Mvgx m‡`¨vN„Z = m`¨t + N„Z
hrc‡ivbvw¯ = hrcit + bvw¯Í g‡bvni = gbt + ni
g‡bvig = gbt + ig Z‡cveb = Zct + eb
g‡bvi_ = gbt + i_ g‡bvbqb = gbt + bqb
g‡bv‡hvM = gbt + †hvM m‡ivei = mit + ei
m‡ivR = mit + R g‡bvR = gbt + R
wZ‡ivavb = wZit + avb wZ‡ivfve = wZit + fve
A‡avMwZ = Aat + MwZ g‡bvMZ = gbt + MZ
e‡qv‡R¨ô = eqt + †R¨ô ·qv`k = Îqt + `k
wk‡iv‡`g = wkit + †`k wk‡ivavh© = wkit + avh©
g‡bvbxZ = gbt + bxZ A‡ave`b = Aat + e`b
m‡ivei = mit + ei g‡bvfve = gbt + fve
B‡Zvg‡a¨ = BZt + g‡a¨ m‡`¨vgy³ = m`¨t + gy³
wk‡iviZ¥ = wkit + iZœ h‡kvwjáv = hkt + wjáv
h‡kvjvf = hkt + jvf cy‡ivwnZ = cyit + wnZ
A‡avgyL = Aat + gyL A‡avMvgx = Aat + Mvgx
A‡qvgq = Aqt + gq A‡av‡iL = Aat + †iL
k/l/m-Gi hy³eY©
hy³e‡Y©i ïiæ‡Z k/m/l _vK‡j
ÔkÕ-Gi hy³ eY©
c~Y©ð‱`ª = c~Y©t + P›`ª wbwðZ = wbt + wPZ
Ziæ‪Qvqv = Ziæt + Qvqv `ywð‰Ív = `yt + wPšÍv
wki‡ð` = wkit + †Q` wbðq = wbt + Pq
`yðwiÎ = `yt + PwiÎ wbwð`ª = wbt + wQ`ª
wbðj = wbt + Pj wbwð‰Í = wbt + wPšÍ
wbwðý = wbt + wPý wbðzc = wbt + Pzc
wb‡ðvó = wbt + †Pó wb‡ðZb = wbt + †PZb
ÔmÕ-Gi hy³ eY©
wZi¯‥vi = wZit + Kvi cyi¯‥vi = cyit + Kvi
bg¯‥vi = bgt + Kvi ‡kªq¯‥i = †kªqt + Ki
hk¯‥i = hkt + Ki gb¯‥vg = gbt + Kvg
fv¯‥i = fvt + Ki evP¯úwZ = evPt + cwZ
wb¯Ívi = wbt + Zvi gb¯Ívc = gbt + Zvc
‡ZR¯‥i = †ZRt + Ki Av¯ú`© = Avt + c`
`y¯Íi = `yt + Zi wb‡¯ÍR = wbt + †ZR
BZ¯ÍZ = BZt + ZZ Aa¯Íb = Aat + Zb
Avwe®‥vi = Avwet + Kvi wb¯úwË = wbt + cwË
wb®úb′ = wbt + cbœ PZz‡®‥vY = PZzt + †KvY
‡ZRw¯…q = †ZRt + wµq bf¯Íj = bft + Zj
ÔlÕ-Gi hy³ eY©
wb®‥vi = wbt + Kvi `y®‥g© = `yt + Kg©
Avwe®K…Z = Avwet + K…Z wbõj = wbt + dj
ewn®K…Z = ewnt + K…Z PZz‡®‥vY = PZzt + †KvY
abyó¼vi = abyt + U¼vi åvZ…®úyÎ = åvZzt + cyÎ
PZz®ú` = PZzt + c` Avqy®‥vj = Avqyt + Kvj
wb®úvc = wbt + cvc wb®‥vg = wbt + Kvg
Avwe®‥vi = Avwet + Kvi `y®úvP¨ = `yt + cvP¨
`y®‥vh© = `yt + Kvh© wbôzi = wbt + Vyi
wbôv = wbt + Vv PZzóq = PZzt + óq
wbðq = wbt + Pq `ywð‰Ív = `yt + wPšÍv
wbwð`ª = wbt + wQ`ª wki‡ð` = wkit + †Q`
PZzóq = PZzt + Uq abyó¼vi = abyt + U¼vi
wbôzi = wbt + Vyi
ÔiÕ-Gi †¶‡Î
cybiwc = cybt + Awc cybivMZ = cybt + AvMZ
¯^M©Z = ¯^t + MZ gvZ‡`©wn = gvZt + †`wn
wba©b = wbt + ab eÜzivMZ = eÜzt + AvMZ
abywe©`¨v = abyt + we`¨v cÖvZiæÌvb = cÖvZt + DÌvb
A‰Íi½ = AšÍt + A½ c~be©vi = c~bt + evi
wbf©q = wbt + fq wbY©q = wbt + bq
wbe©vK = wbt + evK wbivc` = wbt + Avc`
A‰Íh©vgx = AšÍt + hvgx cÖv`yf©ve = cÖv`yt + fve
Avwef©ve = Avwet + fve ‡R¨vwZg©q = †R¨vwZt + gq
`yivPvi = `yt + AvPvi `yex©wbZ = `yt + exwbZ
`yj©‫‫‬N¨ = `yt + j‫‫‬N¨ wbh©vZb = wbt + hvZb
wbg©j = wbt + gj A‰ÍM©Z = AšÍt + MZ
A‰Ía©vb = AšÍt + avb Anwb©k = Ant + wbk
Anin = Ant + An PZz`©k = PZzt + `k
PZz‡`vjv = PZzt + †`vjv PZzgy©L = PZzt + gyL
PZzfy©R = PZzt + fyR `ye©vi = `yt + evi

25. 25
`yw`©b = `yt + w`b `y`©g = `yt + `g
`y‡e©va = `yt + †eva wbiæ‡ØM = wbt + D‡ØM
wbS©i = wbt + Si `yie¯ v = `yt + Ae¯ v
`yM©wZ = `yt + MwZ `yi‰Í = `yt + AšÍ
wb`©q = wbt + `q wbR©b = bt + Rb
cybivq = cybt + Avq cÖvZivk = cÖvZt + Avk
ewnM©Z = ewnt + MZ cybe©vi = cybt + evi
A‰Í`©vn = AšÍt + `vn Avkxe©v` = Avkxt + ev`
wbN©vZ = wbt + NvZ wbib′ = wbt + Abœ
wbivKvi = wbt + AvKvi wbivgv = wbt + Avkv
ewni½ = ewnt + A½ ewnwiw‱`ªq = ewnt + Bw›`ªq
wbixn = wbt + Cn wbix¶Y = wbt + C¶vY
wbiæcvq = wbt + Dcvq wbiæcgv = wbt + Dcgv
`yivkv = `yt + Avkv `yiæw³ = `yt + Dw³
`yiæ‪Pvh© = `yt + D‪Pvh© `yiƒn = `yt + Dn
`yivZ¥v = `yt + AvZ¥v
‡R¨vwZwiw‱`ªq = †R¨vwZt + Bw›`ªq
A‰ÍivZ¥v = AšÍt + AvZ¥v A‰ÍwiZ = AšÍt + BZ
A‰ÍwiZ = AšÍt + BZ A‰Íwiw‱`ªq = AšÍt + Bw›`ªq
A‰Íix¶v = AšÍ + C¶v A‰Íixc = AšÍt + Cc
cybivwaKvi = cybt + AwaKvicybiæÌvb = cybt + DÌvb
cybiæw³ = cybt + Dw³ A‰Í‡f©`x = AšÍt + †f`x
A‰Íg©vayh© = AšÍt + gvayh© A‰Íh©vgx = AšÍt + hvgx
A‰Íjx©b = AšÍt + jxb `yM„Z = `yt + MZ
`yN©Ubv = `yt + NUbv `yR©b = `yt + Rb
ewnR©Mr = ewnt + RMr wbw`©ó = wbt + w`ó
PZzw`©K = PZzt + w`K wba©viY = wbt + aviY
PZza©v = PZzt + av `ywb©evi = `yt + wbevi
`ye©n = `yt + en wbe©vK = wbt + evK
A‰Íf~³ = AšÍt + f~³ `yf©vM¨ = `yt + fvM¨
wbg©vY = wbt + gvY ewngy©L = ewnt + gyL
wbh©vZb = wbt + hvZb `y‡h©vM = `yt + †hvM
wbj©¾ = wbt + j¾ `yj©f = `yt + jf
A‰Íwn©Z = AšÍt + wnZ A‰ÍR©Mr = AšÍt + RMr
A‰ÍÁ©vY = AšÍt + ÁvY A‰ÍR©j = AšÍt + Rj
A‰Íwb©wnZ = AšÍt + wbwnZ A‰Íe©Zx = AšÍt + eZx©
PZz‡`©vjv = PZzt + †`vjv PZzgy©L = PZzt + gyL
PZzivbb = PZzt + Avbb PZz‡e©` = PZzt + †e`
PZzwe©a = PZzt + wea ‡R¨vwZwe©` = PZzt + we`
`yiwfmwÜ = `yt + AwfmwÜ `ybx©wZ = `yt + bxwZ
`yM©wZ = `yt + MwZ `yM©Z = `yt + MZ
`yie¯ v = `yt + Ae¯ v `yi‰Í = `yt + AšÍ
`yi`„wó = `yt + `„wó `y‡Á©q = `yt + †Áq
`y`©kv = `yt + `kv `y`©v‰Í = `yt + `všÍ
`ye©n = `yt + en `yf©vM¨ = `yt + fvM¨
`yj©e = `yt + jf wbi¶i = wbt + A¶i
wbi¼zk = wbt + A¼zk wbiciva = wbt + Aciva
wbiwfgvb = wbt + Awfgvb wbij¼vi = wbt + Aj¼vi
wbiæwØM′ = wbt + DwØMœ wbM©Z = wbt + MZ
wbN©vZ = wbt + NvZ wbR©jv = wbt + Rjv
wbRx©e = wbt + Rxe wb‡`©vl = wbt + †`vl
wbe©vn = wbt + evn wb‡e©` = wbt + †e`
wbY©q = wbt + bq wbfx©K = wbt + wfK
wbg©vY = wbt + gvY wb‡g©vn = wbt + †gvn
wbg~©j = wbt + g~j wbh©vm = wbt + hvm
wbwj©ß = wbt + wjß wb‡j©vf = wbt + †jvf
cybwg©jb = cybt + wgjb cybf©ve = cybt + fve
cybiæ¾xweZ = cybt + D¾xweZ
cybiærcwË = cybt + DrcwË cybiæ ¢e = cybt + D™¢e
cybiæ×vi = cybt + D×vi cybivMZ = cybt + AvMZ
cybive„wË = cybt + Ave„wË cybivMgb = cybt + AvMgb
ewnivMZ = ewnt + AvMZ ewniveiY = ewnt + AveiY
ewnM©Z = ewnt + MZ ewnØ©vi = ewnt + Øvi
ewn©evwYR¨= ewnt + evwYR¨ ewn©f~Z = ewnt + f~Z
wemM© wVK _v‡K Ggb
A‰ÍtKiY = AšÍt + KiY A‰Ít‡KvY = AšÍt + †KvY
A‰Ítµxov = AšÍt + µxov AatcZb = Aat + cZb
A‰Ítcyi = AšÍt + cyi A‰Ítmwjjv = AšÍt + mwjjv
A‰Ítkxj = AšÍt + kxj BZtc~‡e© = BZt + c~‡e©
Aatµg = Aat + µg Aat‡¶c = Aat + †¶c
AZtci = AZt + ci
mwÜi †¶‡Î me †P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡jv wbcvZ‡b wm× mwÜ I we‡kl
wbq‡g mvwaZ mwÜ|
wbcvZ‡b wm× ¯^imwÜ mg~n n‡jv:
Kzj + AUv = KzjUv †Mv + A¶ = Mev¶
cÖ + Ep = †c․p Ab¨ + Ab¨ = Ab¨b¨
gvZ© = AÐ = gvZ©Ð ï× + I`b = ï‡×v`b
¯^ + Ci = ‣¯^i ¯^+ CwiYx= •¯^wiYx
†Mv + B›`ª = M‡e›`ª †Mv + Ck¦i = M‡ek¦i
A¶ + EwnYx = A‡¶․wnYx i³ + Iô = i‡³vô
mxgb + AZ = mxgšÍ kvi + A½ = kvi½
`k + FY = `k©vY
we‡kl wbq‡g mvwaZ e¨Äb mwÜ mg~n
Dr + ¯ vb = DÌvb mg + Kvi = ms¯‥vi|
Dr + w¯ Z = DwÌZ Dr + ¯ vcb = DÌvcb|
mg& + K…Z = ms¯‥…Z cwi + Kvi = cwi®‥vi|

26. 26
mg& + K…wZ = ms¯‥…wZ cwi + K…Z = cwi®‥…Z |
KZK¸‡jv mwÜ wbcvZ‡b wm× nq| †hgb-
Av + Ph© = Avðh© †Mv + c` = †Mv®ú`
eb + cwZ = eb¯úwZ e„nr + cwZ = e„n¯úwZ|
Zr + Ki = Z¯‥i ci + ci = ci¯úi|
gbm + Clv = gbxlv lU& + `k = †lvok|
GK + `k = GKv`k ‡Mv+ h = Me¨
‡b․ + h = bve¨ we¤^ + Iô = we‡¤^vô
cZr + AÄwj = cZÄwj BZ¨vw`|
mgvm
welq wfwËK Av‡jvPbv
 mgv‡mi cÖwµqvq mgvme× ev mgvmwb®úbœ c`wUi bvg mg¯Í
c`|
 mg¯Í c` ev mgvme× c`wUi AšÍM©Z c`¸‡jv‡K mgm¨gvb
c` e‡j|
 mgvmhy³ c‡`i cÖ_g Ask (kã)-†K ejv nq c~e©c` Ges
cieZx© Ask (kã)-†K ejv nq DËic` ev cic`|
 mg¯Í c`‡K †f‡O †h evK¨vsk Kiv nq, Zvi bvg mgvmevK¨,
e¨vmevK¨ ev weMÖnevK¨|
¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz mgv‡mi D`vniY
Ø‱Ø mgvm
1. wgjbv_©K kã‡hv‡M : gv-evc, gvwm-wcwm, wR¡b-cix, Pv-
we¯‥zU BZ¨vw`|
2. we‡ivav_©K kã‡hv‡M : `v-Kzgov, Awn-bKzj, ¯^M©-biK
BZ¨vw`|
3. wecixZv_©K kã‡hv‡M : Avq-e¨q, Rgv-LiP, †QvU-eo,
†Q‡j-ey‡ov, jvf-†jvKmvb BZ¨vw`|
4. A½evPK kã‡hv‡M : nvZ-cv, bvK-Kvb, eyK-wcV, gv_v-gyÐz,
bvK-gyL BZ¨vw`|
5. msL¨vevPK kã‡hv‡M : mvZ-cuvP, bq-Qq, mvZ-m‡Zi,
Ewbk-wek BZ¨vw`|
6. mgv_©K kã‡hv‡M : nvU-evRvi, Ni-`yqvi, Kj-KviLvbv,
†gvjøv- †g․jwf, LvZv-cÎ BZ¨vw`|
7. AjyK Ø‱Ø : †h Ø›Ø mgv‡m †Kv‡bv mgm¨gvb c‡`i wefw³
†jvc nq bv, Zv‡K AjyK Ø›Ø e‡j| †hgb - `y‡a-fv‡Z,
R‡j-¯ ‡j, †`‡k-we‡`‡k, nv‡Z-Kj‡g|
8. eûc`x Ø‱Ø : wZb ev eû c‡` Ø›Ø mgvm n‡j Zv‡K eûc`x
Ø›Ø mgvm e‡j| †hgb : mv‡ne-wewe-†Mvjvg, nvZ-cv- bvK-
gyL-†PvL BZ¨vw`|
9. Ab¨vb¨: Kvco-‡Pvco, †cvKv-gvKo, `qv-gvqv, aywZ-Pv`i,
hv-Zv, †h-‡m, h_v-Z_v, Zzwg-Avwg, GLv‡b-†mLv‡b, †`Lv-
†kvbv, hvIqv-Avmv, Pjv-†div, †`Iqv-†bIqv, ax‡i-my‡¯ ,
Av‡M-cv‡Q, AvKv‡i-Bw½‡Z, fvj-g›`, Kg-‡ewk, Avmj-
bKj, evwK-e‡Kqv BZ¨vw`|
Kg©aviq mgvm
ga¨c`‡jvcx Kg©aviq
wmsn wPwýZ Avmb = wmsnvmb mvwnZ¨ welqK mfv= mvwnZ¨mfv
¯§„wZ i¶v‡_© †m․a = ¯§„wZ‡m․a KuvPvwgVv = hv KuvPv ZvB wgVv
bxjvKvk = bxj †h AvKvk gnvbex = gnvb †h bex
gnvRb = gnvb †h Rb gnvKve¨ = gnv †h Kve¨
gnvZK© = gnv †h ZK© kvšÍ-wkó = ‡h kvšÍ †mB wkó
PvjvK-PZzi = ‡h PvjvK †mB PZzi
Dcgvb Kg©aviq
ågiK…ò = †Kk åg‡ii b¨vq K…ò
Zzlviïå = Zzlv‡ii b¨vq ïå
AiæYiv½v = Aiæ‡Yi b¨vq ivOv
KvRjKv‡jv = KvR‡ji b¨vq Kv‡jv
Kzmyg‡Kvgj = Kzmy‡gi b¨vq †Kvgj
Zzlvi-kxZj = Zzlv‡ii b¨vq kxZj
`y»aej = `y‡»i b¨vq aej
eRªK‡Vvi = e‡Rªi b¨vq K‡Vvi
i³jvj = i‡³i b¨vq jvj
DcwgZ Kg©aviq
gyLP‱`ª = gyL P‡›`ªi b¨vq cyiælwmsn = cyiæl wms‡ni b¨vq
PiYKgj = PiY Kg‡ji b¨vq P‱`ªgyL = gyL P‡›`ªi b¨vq
Puv`e`b = Puv‡`i b¨vq e`b cyiælwmsn = cyiæl wms‡ni b¨vq
dzjKzgvix = Kzgvix dz‡ji b¨vq evûjZv = evû jZvi b¨vq
iƒcK Kg©aviq
†µvavbj = †µva welv`wmÜz = welv` iƒc wmÜz
gbgvwS = gb iƒc gvwS cÖvYcvwL = cÖvY iƒc cvwL
‡h․ebm~h© = ‡h․eb iƒc m~h© ‡µvavbj = ‡µva iƒc Abj
gbgvwS = fw³ iƒc gvwS gb‡ewo = gb iƒc †ewo
‡gvnwb`ªv = ‡gvniƒc wb`ªv ‡kvKvbj = ‡kvK iƒc Abj
Zrcyiæl mgvm
wØZxqv Zrcyiæl mgvm
`ytLcÖvß, wec`vcbœ, ci‡jvKMZ
Z…Zxqv Zrcyiæl mgvm
gbMov, kªgjä, gaygvLv, abvX¨, G‡Kvb, we`¨vnxb, Ávbk~b¨,
¯^Y©gwÐZ, nxiKLwPZ, P›`bPwP©Z, iZœ‡kvwfZ BZ¨vw`|

27. 27
PZy_x© Zrcyiæl mgvm
¸iæfw³, Avivg‡K`viv, emZevwo, we‡qcvMjv, QvÎvevm,
WvKgvïj, †PvlKvMR, wkïg½j, gymvwdiLvbv, nR¡hvÎv,
gvj¸`vg, ivbœvNi, gvcKvwV, †g‡q¯‥zj, evwjKv-we`¨vjq,
cvMjvMvi` BZ¨vw`|
cÂgx Zrcyiæl mgvm
LuvPvQvov, wejvZ‡diZ, ¯‥yjcvjv‡bv, †Rjgy³, †RjLvjvm,
†euvUvLmv, AvMv‡Mvov, kvcgy³, FYgy³ BZ¨vw`|
lôx Zrcyiæl mgvm
PvevMvb, ivRcyÎ, †LqvNvU, QvÎmgvR, †`k‡mev, w`j-xk¦i,
euv`ibvP, cvU‡¶Z, QweNi, †Nvo‡`․o, k¦ïievwo, weovjQvbv
BZ¨vw`|
mßgx Zrcyiæl mgvm
evKcUz, †Mvjvfiv, ZvjKvbv, AKvjg„Zz¨, wek¦weL¨vZ, †fvRbcUz,
`vbexi, ev·ew›`, e¯ÍvcPv, ivZKvbv, gbgiv BZ¨vw`|
bT Zrcyiæl mgvm
AbvPvi, Abv`i, bvwZ`xN©, bvwZLe©, Afve, †eZvj, bvgÄyi,
Avjywb, bv‡Qvo, Abvev`x BZ¨vw`|
Dcc` Zrcyiæl mgvm
mZ¨ev`x, B›`ªwRr, †Q‡jaiv, avgvaiv, c‡KUgvi, cvZvPvUv,
nvofv½v, gvwQgviv, Qvi‡cvKv, Ni‡cvov, eY©‡Pviv, MjvKvUv,
cv-PvUv, cvov‡eovbx, Qv-†cvlv BZ¨vw`|
AjyK Zrcyiæl mgvm
K‡ji Mvb, Miæi Mvwo, gvgvi evwo, Mv‡bi Avmi BZ¨vw`|
wظ mgvm
wÎKvj, †P․iv¯Ív, †Zgv_v, AóavZz, PZzi½, w·gvwnbx, †Zib`x,
cÂf~Z, mvZmgy`ª, kZvãx, cÂeUx, wÎdjv, cÂb`, BZ¨vw`|
eûeªxwn mgvm
mgvbvwaKiY eûeªxwn
nZkªx, Lvk‡gRvR, üZme©¯^, D‪Pwki, cxZv¯^i, bxjKÉ,Rei`w¯Í,
mykxj, mykªx, e`eL&Z, KgeL&Z BZ¨vw`|
e¨vwaKiY eûeªxwn
Avkxwel, K_vme©¯^, `y KvbKvUv, †euvUvLmv, Qv-†cvlv, cv-PvUv,
cvZv‡Quov. avgvaiv BZ¨vw`|
e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn
nvZvnvwZ, KvbvKvwb, PyjvPzwj, KvovKvwo, MvjvMvwj, †`Lv‡`wL,
†KvjvKzwj, jvVvjvwV, nvmvnvwm, ¸uZv¸wZ, NylvNywl BZ¨vw`|
bT& eûeªxwn
AÁvb, †e‡nW, bvPvi, wbfy©j, bvRvbv, ARvbv, bvnK, wbiæcvq,
wbS©ÅvU, AeyS, A‡K‡Rv, †e-c‡ivqv, †eûuk, AbšÍ, †eZvi
BZ¨vw`|
ga¨c`‡jvcx eûeªxwn
weovj‡PvLx, nv‡ZLwo, Mv‡q njy`, †gwbgy‡Lv, weovjv¶x, g„Mbqbv,
wZwgiKzšÍjv, Aaicjøex BZ¨vw`|
cÖZ¨qv‰Í eûeªxwn
GK‡PvLv, Nigy‡Lv, †`vUvbv, †`vgbv, GK¸u‡q, A‡K‡Rv, GKN‡i,
†`vbjv, †`vZjv, EbcuvRy‡i BZ¨vw`|
AjyK eûeªxwn
gv_vqcvMwo, MjvqMvgQv, nv‡Z-Qwo, Kv‡b-Kjg, Mv‡q-cov,
nv‡Z- ‡ewo, gv_vq-QuvZv, gy‡L- fvZ, Kv‡b-Lv‡Uv BZ¨vw`|
msL¨vePK eûeªxwn
`kMwR, †P․Pvjv, PvinvwZ, †Zcvqv, †mZvi BZ¨vw`|
wbcvZ‡b wm× (†Kv‡bv wbq‡gi Aax‡b bq) eûeªxwn
Øxc, AšÍM©Z Ac hvi = AšÍixc, bicï, Rxeb¥„Z, cwÐZg~L©
BZ¨vw`|
Ae¨qxfve mgvm
DcKÉ, DcK~j, cÖwZ w`b, cÖwZ ¶‡Y, Aby¶Y, wbivwgl, wbf©vebv,
wbR©j, wbiærmvn, Avmgy`ªwngvPj, Avcv`g¯ÍK, Dckni, DcMÖn,
Dceb, h_vixwZ, h_vmva¨, h_vwewa, h_v‡hvM¨, D‡Øj, D‪Q„‫‫‬Lj,
cÖwZK~j, Abyaveb, AvbZ, Aviw³g, DcMÖn, Dcb`x, cwic~Y©,
m¤ú~Y©, c‡iv¶, cÖwcZvgn, cÖwZ‪Qvqv, cÖwZ‪Qwe, cªwZwe¤^,
cÖwZc¶, cÖZzËi BZ¨vw`|
cÖvw` mgvm
cÖePb, cwiågY, AbyZvc, cÖfvZ, cÖMwZ BZ¨vw`|
wbZ¨ mgvm
MÖvgvšÍi, `k©bgvÎ, M„nvšÍi, Kvjmvc, Avgiv, weivbeŸB BZ¨vw`|
aŸwb I eY©
D‪PviY ¯ vb Abyhvqx evsjv e¨ÄbaŸwbi wefvM
D‪PviY
¯ vb
e¨ÄbaŸwbi
eY©mg~n
D‪PiY ¯ vb Abyhvqx bvg
wRnŸvg~j
AMÖZvjy
cðvr `šÍg~j
AMÖ `šÍg~j
Iô
K L M N O
P Q R S T k h q
U V W X Y l i o p
Z _ ` a b j m
c d e f g
Kɨ ev wRnŸvg~jxq eY©
Zvje¨ eY©
g~a©b¨ ev cðvr `šÍg~jxq eY©
`šÍ¨ eY© ev AMÖ `šÍg~jxq eY©
Iô¨ eY©

28. 28
-AícÖvY I gnvcÖvY Ges †Nvl I A‡Nvl aŸwb-
D‪Pvi
Y ¯ vb
A‡Nvl (voiceless) †Nvl (voiced)
(1)
AícÖvY
(Unaspire
d)
(2)
gnvcÖvY
(Aspire
d)
(3)
AícÖvY
(Unaspire
d)
(4)
gnvcÖvY
(Aspire
d)
(5)
bvwmK
¨
KÚ K L M N O
Zvjy P Q R S T
g~a©v U V W X Y
`‰Í Z _ ` a b
Iô c d e f g
A‡Nvl
†Nvl
Zvob
RvZ
K¤úbRvZ
cvwk¦©K
D®§/wkk
A‰Ít¯
K L M N bvwmK¨
O
o i j k h
P Q R S T p AbybvwmK l i
U V W X Y civkªqx s m j
Z _ ` a b s n e
c d e f g t
gvÎv
eY© c~Y©gvÎv Aa©gvÎv gvÎvnxb
¯^ieY© 6 1 4
e¨ÄbeY© 26 7 6
‡gvU 32 8 10
[Dc‡ii Q‡Ki welqvw` ev‡`I aŸwb eY© mg~‡ni bvg wb‡q wewfbœ
iKg cÖkœ n‡q _v‡K| Gm‡ei DËi †`Iqvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi msÁv¸‡jv
†`‡L wbb|]
 ¯úk© aŸwb-K †_‡K g ch©šÍ 25wU aŸwb‡K ¯úk© aŸwb
e‡j|
 A‡Nvl aŸwb- †h aŸwb D‪Pvi‡Yi AvIqv‡R Mv¤¢xh© Av‡m
bv †mme aŸwb‡K A‡Nvl aŸwb e‡j| ‡hgb- K, P, U, Z, c|
 bvwmK¨ aŸwb-†h aŸwb D‪Pvi‡Yi mgq bvK w`‡q evZvm
†ei nq Zv‡K bvwmK¨ aŸwb e‡j|‡hgb- O, T, Y, b, g|
 ZvobRvZ aŸwb-wRnev w`‡q `uv‡Zi g~‡j AvNvZ K‡i ‡h
aŸwb D‪PviY Kiv nq Zv‡K ZvobRvZ aŸwb e‡j| o p|
 K¤úbRvZ aŸwb-wRnevi AMÖfvM Kw¤úZ K‡i G aŸwb
D‪PvwiZ nq e‡j G‡K K¤úbRvZ aŸwb e‡j| i|
 cvwk¦©K aŸwb-†h aŸwb D‪Pvi‡Yi mgq wRnevi `yBcvk
w`‡q evqy †ei nq Zv‡K cvwk¦©K aŸwb e‡j| j|
 wkk aŸwb-†h eY© D‪Pvi‡Yi mgq wkk †`Iqvi g‡Zv
AvIqvR nq Zv‡K wkk aŸwb e‡j| k, l, m|
 D®§/wkk aŸwb-†h eY© D‪Pvi‡Yi mgq cÖPzi evZvm(D®§)
e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K D®§ eY© ejv nq| k, l, m, n|
 A‰Ít¯ aŸwb-D‪Pvi‡Yi w`K †_‡K ¯úk©aŸwb I D®§aŸwbi
ga¨eZ©x aŸwb‡K AšÍt¯ aŸwb e‡j| h, i, j, e|
 civkªqx aŸwb-†h aŸwb Ab¨ aŸwbi mvnvh¨ Qvov D‪PvwiZ
n‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡K civkªqx aŸwb e‡j|
 AbybvwmK eY©-†h eY© Zvi cieZ©x e‡Y©i D‪PviY‡K
bvwmK¨ K‡i †mB eY©‡K AbybvwmK eY© e‡j|
 N„ó eY©-P,Q,R,S GB PviwU eY©‡K N„ó eY© ejv nq|
 wbjxb eY©- A-†K wbjxb eY© ejv nq|
 Kvi-¯^ie‡Y©i msw¶ß iƒc‡K Kvi e‡j| Kv‡ii msL¨v
10wU| ÔAÕ Qvov meKwU ¯^ie‡Y©i Kvi nq|
 djv-e¨Äbe‡Y©i msw¶ß iƒc‡K djv e‡j| djv 6wU|
h_v- b, g, h, i, j, e|
cyiæl I ¯¿xevPK kã
K¬xe wj½evPK kã : cyiæl A_ev ¯¿x †KvbwU †evSvq bv| D`vniY-
cvnvo, †Uwej, eB, MvQ, dj BZ¨vw`|
Dfqwj½evPK kã : ¯¿x Ges cyiæl DfqB †evSvq| D`vniY :
Wv³vi, wkíx, Kwe, cvwL, mš‭vb, wkï, ¸iæ, wkw¶Z BZ¨vw`|
wbZ¨ ¯¿x evPK kã : Aa©vw½bx, KzjUv, weaev, mcZœx, Am~h©¤úk¨v,
mZxb, Ai¶Yxqv, kuvLPzwbœ, Kjw¼bx, AšÍtmË¡v, mrgv, maev,
G‡qv, `vB, WvBwb BZ¨vw`|
wbZ¨ cyiæl evPK kã : D`vniY- KweivR, XvKx, K…Z`vi,
AK…Z`vi, ivóªcwZ, †hv×v, †mbvcwZ, `jcwZ BZ¨vw`|
we‡kl wbq‡g mvwaZ cyiæl I ¯¿xevPK kã :
mfvcwZ-mfv‡bÎx wk¶K-wk¶wqÎx ‡kªvZv-‡kªvÎx
avZv-avÎx gnr-gnZx ¸Yevb-¸YeZx
mr-mZx iƒcevb-iƒceZx kªxgvb-kªxgwZ
eyw×gvb-eyw×gZx Mixqvb-Mwiqmx mgªvU-mgªvÁx
ivRv-ivÁx ivRv-ivYx k¦ïi-k¦vïwo
we‡`kx cyiæl I ¯¿xevPK kã : Lvb-Lvbg, gi`-‡Rbvbv, gv‡jK-
gv‡jKv, gynZvwig-gynZvwigv, myjZvb-myjZvbv|
KZK¸‡jv cyiælevPK k‡ãi `y‡Uv K‡i ¯¿x evPK kã i‡q‡Q:
‡`ei-bb`/Rv, fvB-‡evb/fvwe, wk¶K-wk¶wqÎx/ wk¶KcZœx,
eÜz-evÜex/eÜzcZœx, `v`v-`vw`/†e․w` BZ¨vw`|
BKv cÖZ¨q: ¶z‡`ª A‡_© BKv cÖZ¨q †hvM nq| ‡hgb: bvUK-bvwUKv,
gvjv-gvwjKv, MxwZ-MxwZKv, cy¯ÍK-cyw¯ÍKv, GKv¼-GKvw¼Kv,
G¸‡jv ¯¿x evPK cÖZ¨q bq; ¶z`ªv_©K cÖZ¨q|

29. 29
KviK
KZ…©© Kvi‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz D`vniY
1. Avq‡i cvwL †jR †Svjv| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
2. GK †h wQj ivRv| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
3. ‡KvwKj Wv‡K| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
4. Miæ Mvwo Uv‡b| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
5. Miæ‡Z Nvm Lvq| - KZ©vq 7gx|
6. Miæ‡Z `ya †`q| - KZ©vq 7gx|
7. Muv‡q gv‡b bv Avcwb †gvoj| - KZ©vq 7gx|
8. ¸Ynxb wPiw`b _v‡K civaxb| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
9. ‡Nvovq Mvwo Uv‡b| - KZ©vq 7gx|
10. ‡Nvov Nvm Lvq| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
11. QvM‡j Kx bv Lvq| - KZ©vq 7gx|
12. ‡Pv‡i bv ï‡b a‡g©i Kvwnbx| - KZ©vq 7gx|
13. Rj c‡o cvZv b‡o| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
14. Zvnviv dzUej †L‡j| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
15. `‡k wg‡j Kwi KvR| - KZ©vq 7gx|
16. bv g‡i cvlvY evc w`jv †nb e‡i | - KZ©vq k~b¨|
17. cvM‡j wKbv e‡j QvM‡j wKbv Lvq| - KZ©vq 7gx|
18. cvwL me K‡i ie ivwÎ †cvnvBj| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
19. cywjk †Pvi a‡i‡Q| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
20. eyjeywj‡Z avb †L‡q‡Q LvRbv w`e wK‡m| - KZ©vq 7gx|
21. ev‡N gwn‡l GK Nv‡U cvwb Lvq| - KZ©vq 7gx|
22. ‡g‡qwU gvjv Muv‡_| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
23. g~‡L© Kxbv e‡j | - KZ©vq 7gx|
24. iZ‡b iZb wP‡b| - KZ©vq 7gx|
25. ‡jv‡K Kxbv e‡j| - KZ©vq 7gx|
26. me©wk‡l¨ Ávb †`b ¸iægnvk| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
27. ¯^vaxbZvnxbZvq †K euvwP‡Z Pvq †n| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
28. ev‡N gwn‡l jovB evwa‡q‡Q| -KZ©vq 7gx|
29. †jv‡K e‡j gv‡Ni †k‡l e„wó n‡j †`‡ki Kj¨vY nq-
KZ©vq 7gx|
30. eyjeywj‡Z avb ‡L‡q‡Q| -KZ©vq 7gx|
31. ivRvi n¯Í K‡i mg¯Í KvOv‡ji ab Pzwi|ÑKZ©vq k~b¨|
32. ivRvq ivRvq jovB DjyLvMovi cÖvYvšÍ|ÑKZ©vq 7gx|
33. kª×vevb j‡f Ávb A‡b¨ Kfy bq| ÑKZ©vq k~b¨|
34. cvwL me K‡i ie| ÑKZ©vq k~b¨|
35. cv‡Q †jv‡K wKQz e‡j| - KZ©vq 2qv|
36. gvbyl fv‡e GK nq Av‡iK| ÑKZ©vq 7gx|
37. ‡Nvovq Nvm Lvq| ÑKZ©vq 7gx|
38. wkïMY †`q gb wbR wbR cv‡V| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
39. gvby‡l fv‡e GK, nq Avi GK| - KZ©vq 7gx|
40. eyjeywj‡Z avb †L‡q‡Q, LvRbv w`e wK‡m?- KZ©vq 7gx|
41. ‡di‡`․mx KZ…©K kvnbvgv iwPZ n‡q‡Q|- KZ©vq 3qv|
42. ‡Zvgv Øviv G KvR n‡e bv mvab| - KZ©vq 3qv|
43. mKj‡K gwi‡Z nB‡e| - KZ©vq 2qv|
44. bvBev Zzwg G‡j| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
45. Zvnvi XvKv hvIqv `y®‥i| - KZ©vq 6ôx|
46. ‡Zvgv‡K †h‡Z n‡e | - KZ©vq 2qv|
47. ‡Zvgvi hvIqv DwPZ| - KZ©vq 6ôx|
48. Avgv n‡Z G KvR n‡e bv mvab| - KZ©vq 5gx|
49. Avgvi LvIqv n‡jv bv| - KZ©vq 6ôx|
50. Avgv‡K †h‡Z n‡e| - KZ©vq 2qv|
51. AvR‡K Avgvi hvIqv n‡e bv| - KZ©vq 6ôx|
52. ‡Kv_vI Avgvi nvwi‡q hvevi ‡bB gvbv- KZ©vq 6ôx|
53. mKj‡K GKw`b gi‡Z n‡e| - KZ©vq 3qv|
54. evRbv ev‡R | - KZ©vq k~b¨|
55. evwRj Kvnvi exYv? - KZ©vq k~b¨|
56. euvwk ev‡R| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
57. A_© Ab_© NUvq| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
58. Avcbvi †`k †Kv_vq? - KZ©vq k~b¨|
59. Avlvp gv‡m bvgj Xj| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
60. Nywo I‡o mybxj AvKv‡k| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
61. cvZv b‡o| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
62. Kvb‡b Kzmyg Kwj mKwj dzwUj| - KZ©vq k~b¨|
63. ‡mªv‡Z †b․KvwU DjUvBqv w`j| - KZ©vq 7gx|
Kg© Kvi‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz D`vniY
1. ‡Pvi a„Z n‡q‡Q | - K‡g© k~b¨|
2. wRÁvwme R‡b R‡b| - K‡g© 7gx|
3. wS‡K †g‡i †e․Õ†K wkLv‡bv| - K‡g© 2qv|
4. Wv³vi WvK | - K‡g© k~b¨|
5. ‡Zvgvi †`Lv †cjvg bv | - K‡g© 6ôx|
6. ‡Zvgvq †`L‡jI cvc| - K‡g© 7gx|
7. ‡avcv‡K Kvco `vI| - K‡g© 2qv|
8. cywj‡k Lei `vI| - K‡g© 7gx|
9. cywjk WvK | - K‡g© k~b¨|
10. ‡iL gv `v‡m‡i g‡b| - K‡g© 2qv|
11. wS‡K †g‡i ‡e․‡K ‡kLv‡bv| - K‡g© 2qv|
12. cvcx‡K N„Yv K‡iv bv| - K‡g© k~b¨|
13. Avwg wPwb †Mv wPwb †Zvgv‡i| - K‡g© 2qv|
14. Zvnv‡K wK †Zvgvi g‡b c‡o| - K‡g© 7gx|
15. Avgv‡i Zzwg Kwi‡e ÎvY, G b‡n †gvi cÖv_©bv-
K‡g© wØZxqv |
16. †avcv‡K Kvco `vI| - K‡g© 2qv|
17. iex›`ªbv_ MxZvÄwj wj‡L‡Qb| - K‡g© k~b¨|
18. eyw× LvwU‡q KvR Ki| - K‡g© k~b¨|
19. wec‡` †hb Kwi‡Z cvwi Rq| - K‡g© 7gx|
20. cvnvo bovq mva¨ Kvi? - K‡g© k~b¨|
21. Lye VKv V‡KwQ| - K‡g© k~b¨|
22. Avgvi KziAvb cov n‡q‡Q| - K‡g© k~b¨|
23. Av‡jv PvB, Abœ PvB, PvB gy³ evqy| - K‡g© k~b¨|
24. C‡`i Puv` D‡V‡Q| - K‡g© k~b¨|
25. evwjKv gvjv Muv‡_| - K‡g© k~b¨|
26. wec‡` †hb Kwi‡Z cvwi Rq| - K‡g© 7gx|

30. 30
27. Avgvi fvZ LvIqv nBj bv| - K‡g© k~b¨|
28. ‡m ZzwK© bvPb bvwPj | - K‡g© k~b¨|
29. ‡m Lye VKvb VKvBqv‡Q| - K‡g© k~b¨|
30. Avgvi fvZ LvIqv nBj bv| - K‡g© k~b¨|
31. K‡cvj fvwmqv †Mj `yB bq‡bi R‡j - K‡g© k~b¨|
32. ‡PvivevRvix `gb Kwi‡e ‡K? - K‡g© k~b¨|
KiY Kvi‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz D`vniY
1. Av¸‡b †muK `vI | - Ki‡Y 7gx|
2. G Kj‡g fvj †jLv nq| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
3. G myZvq Kvco nq bv | - Ki‡Y 7gx|
4. Kvwji `vM `vI | - Ki‡Y 6ôx|
5. ‡Q‡jiv ej †L‡j| - Ki‡Y k~b¨ |
6. R‡ji wjLb _v‡K bv| - Ki‡Y 6ôx|
7. Zvm †L‡j KZ †Q‡j cov bó K‡i| - Ki‡Y k~b¨|
8. bZzb av‡b¨ n‡e bevbœ | - Ki‡Y 7gx|
9. b‡Li AvuPo w`I bv| - Ki‡Y 6ôx|
10. cvBj‡U †jLv nq fvj | - Ki‡Y 7gx|
11. dz‡j dz‡j mvwR‡q‡Q Ni| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
12. jvO‡j Rwg Pvl Kiv nq | - Ki‡Y 7gx|
13. kvK w`‡q gvQ †X‡Kv bv| - Ki‡Y 3qv|
14. ‡Q‡jiv Zvm ‡L‡j cov bó Ki‡Q| - Ki‡Y k~b¨|
15. Kvwji `vM mn‡R D‡V bv | - Ki‡Y 6ôx|
16. wkKvix weovj †Muv‡d †Pbv hvq| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
17. BU-cv_‡ii evwo eo k³ | - Ki‡Y 6ôx|
18. nv‡Z bv gvwiqv fv‡Z gvwie| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
19. ÒD`¨g wen‡b Kvi cy‡iv g‡bvi_? - Ki‡Y ïY¨|
20. wZwik eQi wfRv‡q ‡i‡LwQ `yB bq‡bi R‡j| -
Ki‡Y 7gx|
21. Avgvwi †mvbvi av‡b wMqv‡Q fwi| - Ki‡Y 7gx |
22. gb w`qv Ki m‡e we`¨v DcvR©b| - Ki‡Y 3qv |
23. ki‡Z aivZj wkwk‡i Sjgj| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
24. ‡Zvgvi gwngv †hb R¡jšÍ A¶‡i †jLv|-
Ki‡Y 7gx|
25. A‡_© Ab_© N‡U| - Ki‡Y 7gx |
26. Aí †kv‡K KvZi AwaK †kv‡K cv_i|- Ki‡Y 7gx|
27. G mšÍvb n‡Z `ytL `~i n‡e bv| - Ki‡Y 5gx|
28. K_vq K_v ev‡R| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
29. Kuv_vq kxZ gv‡b bv | - Ki‡Y 7gx|
30. UvKvq ev‡Ni `ya †g‡j| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
31. UvKvq wKbv nq| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
32. d‡j e„‡¶i cwiPq| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
33. eb¨vq †`k c-vweZ n‡jv| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
34. eo nI wb‡Ri †Póvq| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
35. fv‡Z †cU f‡i| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
36. ‡jvKwU Kvbœvq fvw½qv cwoj| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
37. ki‡Z aivZj wkwk‡i Sjgj | - Ki‡Y 7gx|
38. wkKvwi weovj ‡Muv‡d †Pbv hvq| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
39. ‡m cxovq n‡q‡Q `ye©j| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
40. ‡R¨vrmœv‡Z Av‡jvwKZ ivZ| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
41. e¨env‡i es‡ki cwiPq| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
42. eo nI ¯^xq †Póvq| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
43. e¨vqv‡g kixi fvj _v‡K| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
44. nv‡Zi •Zwi wRwbl Avgvi wcÖq| - Ki‡Y 6ôx|
45. wec‡` †m DZjv nBqv‡Q| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
46. e¨env‡iB BZi-f`ª †Pbv hvq| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
47. kªg webv abjvf nq bv| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
48. RUv‡Z Zvcm wPwb| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
49. a‡g©i Kj evZv‡m b‡o| - Ki‡Y 7gx|
50. wPi‡ivMx wK Avkvq euv‡P? - Ki‡Y 7gx|
m¤cÖ`vb Kvi‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz D`vniY
1. mwgwZ‡Z Puv`v `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
2. mrcv‡Î Kb¨v `vb Ki| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
3. wfLvix‡K wf¶v `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b PZz_©x|
4. me©f~‡Z ab `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
5. wf¶zK‡K wf¶v `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b 4_©x|
6. `wi`ª‡K ab `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b 4_©x|
7. ‡Zvgvq †Kb †`Bwb Avgvi mKj k~b¨ K‡i- m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
8. ‡Zvgv‡K muwcby †gvi hvnv wKQz wcÖ‡q- m¤cÖ`v‡b 4_©x|
9. M„nnx‡b M„n w`‡j Avwg _vwK N‡i- m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
10. M„nnx‡b M„n `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
11. AÜR‡b †`n Av‡jv| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
12. ¶yavZ©‡K Abœ `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b 4_©x|
13. g„ZR‡b †`n cÖvY| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
14. Avgvq GKUz Avkªq w`b | m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
15. ¸iæR‡b Ki bwZ| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
16. ZvB w`B †`eZv‡i| m¤cÖ`v‡b 4_©x|
17. `x‡b `qv Ki | m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
18. w`e †Zvgv kª×vfw³| m¤cÖ`v‡b k~b¨|
19. me©R‡b `qv Ki| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
20. mKj Kg©dj fMev‡b Ac©Y Ki| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
21. ‡`eZvi ab †K hvq wdiv‡q j‡q| m¤cÖ`v‡b 6ôx|
22. wcÖqR‡b hvnv w`‡Z cvB, ZvB w`B †`eZv‡i| m¤cÖ`v‡b
7gx|
23. mKj Kg©dj fMev‡b Ac©Y Ki| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
24. me©wk‡l¨ Ávb †`b ¸iægnvkq| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
25. my‡Li jvwMqv G Ni euvwaby | wbwgËv‡_© 6ôx|
26. ‡ejv †h c‡o Gj Rj‡K Pj| wbwgËv‡_© 4_©x|
27. ‡`‡ki Rb¨ cÖvY `vI | wbwgËv‡_© 4_©x|
28. Rj‡K Pj| wbwgËv‡_© 4_©x|
29. Zviv Zx‡_© hvÎv Kij| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx|
30. my‡Li jvwMqv Ni euvwaby | m¤cÖ`v‡b 6ôx|