OT Workshop for pre-K and K teachers. Importance of fine motor skills development and pencil grasp in order to facilitate handwriting success in young children.

1. Fine Motor
Foundations for
Handwriting Success
Presented by: Nancy Amar OTR/L

2. Workshop Overview
• Good Sitting Posture
• Fine Motor Skills development; the building
blocks to an efficient pencil grasp
• Writing Tools to facilitate handwriting
• The Writing Surface
• Fundamentals to teaching Letter Formation
and Letter Concept

3. Importance of Good Sitting Posture
Start with Stability
In therapy we talk about the 90-90-90
rule. This means that when seated at
a desk, we want to ensure the
following:
•Feet flat on the floor 90
degrees at ankles
•Knees bent at 90 degrees
•Hips at 90 degrees

4. • The top of the desk should be approximately 2
inches above the elbows when the arms are
bent at the student’s side. This will ensure
that the child’s neck, shoulders, arms, hands
and fingers are relaxed.
Adjustments you can make:
• Table legs can be adjusted
• Height of the chair
• Wedge

5. Fine Motor Skills Development
The building blocks to an efficient pencil grasp

6. Fine Motor Skills Development
The building blocks to an efficient pencil grasp
• Begin by strengthening the muscles that are
used to hold a pencil properly.
– Pincer control and strength
– Arches of the hand/webspace
– Radial and ulnar separation of the hand

7. Activities to Improve Pincer control
and strength
• Picking up small items
• Peeling Stickers
• Small beading
• Lacing
• Adaptive chopsticks
• Tweezers, tongs

8. Activities to Improve Arches of the
hand/web space
• Spray Bottles
• Wheelbarrow walking
• Cupping activities
• Making a ball with Playdoh
• Hole puncher, scissors

9. Activities to Improve Radial and Ulnar
separation of the hand
• Nesting and retrieving activities.
Ex: Placing and removing pegs in playdoh,
Picking up pompoms or small beads and
placing them in a container, picking up coins
and placing them in a piggy bank.

10. Writing Tools that Facilitate a Good
Grasp
EASELS:
• The angle allows for proper positioning of the
wrist
• You stick paper on the wall

11. Writing Tools that Facilitate a Good
Grasp
PENCILS/CRAYONS:
• Use SHORT and FAT crayons/pencils
• Build up with wikkistix
• Break crayons

12. Writing Tools that Facilitate a Good
Grasp
GRIPPERS:
• Use grippers on pencils to facilitate finger
placement
• Use winged grippers for children who cross
their thumb over the pencil
• Try different grippers

13. The Writing Surface
• Use dry erase boards to teach formation of
letters then practice on paper
• Use paper with clear defined lines
• Make boxes where you want children to write.
One letter per box to one word per box.

14. Teaching Letter Formation
• Go from TRACE to COPY to WRITE
• Trace a highlighted letter rather than dotted.
• Have children copy a word exactly UNDER the
sample.
• All letters are formed from TOP to BOTTOM
and LEFT to RIGHT. (Left handed children can
go from right to left)

15. Fundamentals to teaching Letter
Formation and Letter Concept
• Adopt an eclectic approach to teaching
handwriting. (HWT is a framework and
guideline…some children need more than that)
• Letters are a combination of a few basic strokes.
Teach the strokes first. Make them “feel” the
difference
• For very young children I start by teaching them
basic strokes and I like to add a sound to each
stroke (Based on ABC Boom)
• Make writing fun with a multisensory approach
sand, rice, shaving cream, paint, stickers, blocks,
yarn, wikkistix, textured surfaces etc…

16. From Handwriting without Tears
• From HWT I use the formation of the letters and the
order of the letters.
First teach letters with vertical and horizontals: L F E H
T I
Then teach circular letters: U C O Q G S J D P B R
Lastly teach letters with diagonals: K A M N V W X Y Z
• Teach formation of uppercase letters first then
graduate to lowercase letters.
• However I like to teach the CONCEPT of upper and
lower case letters from the very beginning.

17. Fundamentals to teaching Letter
Formation and Letter Concept
• I also like to teach the sounds of the letters right from the start. Naming a
letter and knowing the sound that letter makes are 2 different skills. I like
to teach it in a song. Ex: “Every letter makes a sound”. If children have a
hard time naming the letter, I prefer to teach the sound of the letter first.
• Some children may need you to create a storyline behind the formation of
certain letters. Ex: lowercase letter e, I tell children they are in a car with
the family driving vroom across (horizontal line) and we forgot the dog so
we stop and go back around around around and stop (creates an e)
• Do not look at the final product, look at the process that the child uses to
make sure the approach is correct. It will help you determine where the
breakdown is.

18. Sample of OT Handwriting Session
• Begin by waking up little fingers ex: Putty,
tweezers
• Use LETTER SCHOOL App to practice the letter.
• Teach formation of whiteboard with sounds/story
• Have the child copy the letter you just
demonstrated (draw a box where child needs to
copy the letter)
• Practice the letter on paper (draw a highlighted
box where child needs to copy the letter)