3D printing in dentistry , definition ,techniques and uses in different branches of dentistry.

1. Mohamed Mahmoud Abdul-Monem
Spring 2018

2.  Defintion
 History
 Materials used in 3D printing
 Mechanism of 3D printing
 3D printing vs CAD/CAM
 Uses of 3D printing in dentistry

3. 3D printing is also known as :
 Additive manufacturing ,
 Rapid prototyping,
 Layered manufacturing ,
 Solid free form fabrication.

4.  It is the process in
which multiple layers
of material are added
one by one under
computer control to
create three-
dimensional object .

5.  In 1984, Charles Hull
an American Engineer,
developed the world’s
first working 3-D
printer .

6.  Organovo ,a
regenerative medicine
company released data
on the first fully bio
printed blood vessels
and highlighted on bio
printing technology in
2010 .

7.  Metals like silver, steel, titanium.
 Resins like PLA, polyamide (nylon), glass
filled polyamide, epoxy resins
,photopolymers, polycarbonate.
 Ceramics like hydroxyapatite
 Organic materials such as cells, wood, and
chocolate .

10.  It all starts with creation of a virtual design(CAD) of the
object.
 The most common and universal file formats for 3D
printing are STL andVRML.
 Scanner may be used to produce a 3D model.
 The 3D model is sliced and then it is ready to feed into the
3D printer of compatible brand and type.
 The 3D printer reads every slice (2D image) and creates a
three dimensional object.

13. Fused deposition
modeling
A thermoplastic filament
material is extruded
through a nozzle
controlled by
temperature and the
material hardens
immediately (within 1
sec) after extrusion .

14. Selective laser sintering
A fine material powder is
fused by scanning
laser, to build up
structures
incrementally.

15. Stereolithography
Involves successive
printing of thin layers
of UV laser curable
liquid photopolymer
layer by layer.

18. Subtractive methods such as CAD/ CAM have some
disadvantages :
1. Large amount of raw material is wasted because of
unused portions of the mono-blocks which are
discarded after milling and recycling of the excess
ceramic is also not feasible.
2. Milling tools are prone to heavy abrasion and wear
which shortens their cycling time.
3. Due to brittle nature of ceramic microscopic cracks
can be introduced during the process of machining.

19.  Dental implants surgical guides
 Maxillofacial surgery
 Dental models
 Prosthodontics
 Orthodontics
 Endodontics
 Bioprinting

20.  Dental implants surgical guides

21.  The first step in guided implant surgery is to run a cone beam scan
on the patient, which provides a wealth of information on the
bone, bone density, soft tissue, location and nerves.
 The DICOM file, or rendering of the patient’s anatomy, is
integrated into a guided surgery software program.
 There, the clinician and/or dental technician can virtually place an
implant and run a series of tests to ensure its best location
outcomes.
 An impression of the patient’s mouth is captured, either digitally
with an intraoral scanner or with the analog PVS method, from
which a model is created and scanned.

23.  This creates an optical
scan that provides an
STL file that can quickly
and simply be overlaid
onto the DICOM (cone
beam) file and provide a
comprehensive STL file
to be imported in to the
guided surgery software.
 The clinician chooses the
type of implant system
and the implant size.

25.  Maxillofacial surgery

27.  Dental models

28.  Orthodontics

29.  Prosthodontics

31.  Endodontics

32.  Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the
utilization of 3D printing techniques to combine
cells, growth factors, and biomaterials to
fabricate biomedical parts that maximally
imitate natural tissue characteristics.
 Generally, 3D bioprinting utilizes the layer-by-
layer method to deposit materials known
as Bioinks to create tissue-like structures that
are later used in medical and tissue engineering
fields.

34. Advantages :
1. Creating detailed biomimetic 3D structures.
2. Ability to imitate the extracellular matrix
(ECM).

36. Disadvantages:
1. The availability of biomaterials with the
stability and desired properties for 3D
printing of scaffolds is restricted depending
on the printing technology used.
2. Production time that it takes to fabricate
scaffolds,which dramatically increases as
the scaffold design becomes more precise

37.  Polymers
 Metals
 ceramics

41. Pre-
Bioprinting
• 3D Model from CT images
• Cell isolation
Bioprinting
• Bioinks are placed in a printer cartridge
Post-
Bioprinting
• Bioreactors

43.  Uses the same techniques of 3D printing through
computer programmed deposition of material in
successive layers to create a three-dimensional
object.
 However, 4D printing adds the dimension of
transformation over time.
 It is therefore a type of programmable matter,
wherein after the fabrication process, the
printed product reacts with parameters within
the environment (humidity, temperature, etc.,)
and changes its form accordingly.

44.  4D printing has attracted great interest since the
concept was introduced in 2012.
 The past 5 years have witnessed rapid
advancesin both 4D printing processes and
materials.
 4D printing allows the printed part to change its
shape and function with time in response to
change in external conditions such as
temperature, light, electricity, and water.

46.  Thermosensitive polymers
 Shape memory polymers
 Photoreactive polymers

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Dentistry .2017;8(3): 1-6
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Dentistry- A review . Annals of Prosthodontics & Restorative Dentistry.
2016;2(4):101-4
 Chimene D et al .Advanced Bioinks for 3D Printing: A Materials Science
Perspective.Annals of biomedical engineeering.2016
 Jing-Jun W, Li-Mei H, Qian Z,Tao X. 4D Printing: History and Recent
Progress. Chinese J. Polym. Sci.2017