The document discusses the basics of creating GUIs in Python using the tkinter module. It presents code examples that demonstrate how to create windows, add labels, buttons, frames for layout, entry boxes, file selection dialogs, color pickers, and radio buttons. The examples gradually build upon each other to showcase different tkinter widgets and features like callbacks, layouts, and user input/output.

1. Podstawy tworzenia
GUI w tkinter
Mateusz Dobrychłop
2016, Python 3

2. import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
top.mainloop()

3. import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
top.wm_title('Hello...')
label1 = tkinter.Label(top, text='...world!')
label1.pack()
top.mainloop()

4. import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
top.wm_title('Hello...')
top.resizable(width='false', height='false')
top.minsize(width=200, height=50)
top.maxsize(width=200, height=50)
label1 = tkinter.Label(top, text='...world!')
label1.pack()
top.mainloop()

5. import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
top.wm_title('Hello...')
top.resizable(width='false', height='false')
top.minsize(width=200, height=50)
top.maxsize(width=200, height=50)
label1 = tkinter.Label(top, text='...world!')
label1.pack()
b_close = tkinter.Button(top, text='Zamknij', command=top.destroy)
b_close.pack()
top.mainloop()

6. import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
top.wm_title('Hello...')
top.resizable(width='false', height='false')
top.minsize(width=200, height=50)
top.maxsize(width=200, height=50)
label1 = tkinter.Label(top, text='...world!')
label1.pack()
b_close = tkinter.Button(top, text='Zamknij', command=top.destroy)
b_close.pack(fill='x')
top.mainloop()

7. import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
top.wm_title('Hello...')
top.resizable(width='false', height='false')
top.minsize(width=200, height=50)
top.maxsize(width=200, height=50)
label1 = tkinter.Label(top, text='...world!')
label1.pack()
b_close = tkinter.Button(top, text='Zamknij', command=top.destroy)
b_close.pack(fill='x')
top.mainloop()

8. frame1 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame2 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame1.pack(fill='x')
frame2.pack(fill='x')
label1 = tkinter.Label(frame1, text='...world!')
label1.pack()
b_close = tkinter.Button(frame2, text='Zamknij', command=top.destroy)
b_close.pack(fill='x')
top.mainloop()

9. frame1 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame1.pack(fill='y',side='left')
frame2 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame2.pack(fill='y',side='left')
label1 = tkinter.Label(frame1, text='...world!')
label1.pack()
b_close = tkinter.Button(frame2, text='Zamknij', command=top.destroy)
b_close.pack()
top.mainloop()

10. frame1 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame1.pack(fill='y',side='left')
frame2 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame2.pack(fill='y',side='left')
frame3 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame3.pack(fill='y',side='left')
label1 = tkinter.Label(frame1, text='...world!')
label1.pack()
b_close = tkinter.Button(frame2, text='Zamknij', command=top.destroy)
b_close.pack()
b_color = tkinter.Button(frame3, text='Kolor')
b_color.pack()
top.mainloop()

11. frame1 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame1.grid(row=0, column=0)
frame2 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame2.grid(row=0, column=1)
frame3 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame3.grid(row=1,column=0)
label1 = tkinter.Label(frame1, text='...world!')
label1.pack()
b_close = tkinter.Button(frame2, text='Zamknij', command=top.destroy)
b_close.pack()
b_color = tkinter.Button(frame3, text='Kolor')
b_color.pack()
top.mainloop()

12. frame1 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame1.grid(row=0, column=0,sticky='ns')
frame2 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame2.grid(row=0, column=1,sticky='ns')
frame3 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge')
frame3.grid(row=1,column=0,sticky='ew')
label1 = tkinter.Label(frame1, text='...world!')
label1.pack()
b_close = tkinter.Button(frame2, text='Zamknij', command=top.destroy)
b_close.pack()
b_color = tkinter.Button(frame3, text='Kolor')
b_color.pack()
top.mainloop()

13. frame1 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge', pady=4, padx=4)
frame1.grid(row=0, column=0,sticky='ns')
frame2 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge', pady=4, padx=4)
frame2.grid(row=0, column=1,sticky='ns')
frame3 = tkinter.Frame(top, borderwidth=2, relief='ridge', pady=4, padx=4)
frame3.grid(row=1,column=0,sticky='ew', columnspan=2)
label1 = tkinter.Label(frame1, text='Hello world!')
label1.pack()
b_close = tkinter.Button(frame2, text='Zamknij', command=top.destroy)
b_close.pack()
b_color = tkinter.Button(frame3, text='Kolor')
b_color.pack(fill='x')
top.mainloop()

14. def color_label():
color = tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor(parent=top)
print(color)
label1.configure(bg=color[1])
b_color = tkinter.Button(frame3, text='Kolor', command=color_label)
b_color.pack(fill='x')
((0,255,255), '00ffff')

15. def color_label(lab):
color = tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor(parent=top)
print(color)
lab.configure(bg=color[1])
b_color = tkinter.Button(frame3, text='Kolor', command=lambda: color_label(label1))
b_color.pack(fill='x')

16. import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
entry1 = tkinter.Entry(top, width=50)
entry1.pack(side='left')
button_print = tkinter.Button(top, text='Print text')
button_print.pack(side='left')
top.mainloop()

17. import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
def print_text(ent):
print(ent.get())
entry1 = tkinter.Entry(top, width=50)
entry1.pack(side='left')
button_print = tkinter.Button(top, text='Print text', command=lambda: print_text(entry1))
button_print.pack(side='left')
top.mainloop()

18. import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
def print_text(ent):
tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('Informacja',ent.get())
entry1 = tkinter.Entry(top, width=50)
entry1.pack(side='left')
button_print = tkinter.Button(top, text='Print text', command=lambda: print_text(entry1))
button_print.pack(side='left')
top.mainloop()

19. tkMessageBox
• showinfo
• showwarning
• showerror
• askquestion
• askokcancel
• askyesno
• askretrycancel

20. import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
def print_file():
f = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(
parent=top, initialdir='/',
title='Choose file',
filetypes=[('text files','.txt')]
)
fc = open(f,'r')
print(fc.read())
b1 = tkinter.Button(top, text='Print file content', command=print_file)
b1.pack(anchor='w')
top.mainloop()

21. import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
colors = [('Red', 'red'),
('Green', 'green'),
('Blue', 'blue'),
('White', 'white')]
v = tkinter.StringVar()
v.set('red')
for text, color in colors:
b = tkinter.Radiobutton(top, text=text, variable=v, value=color)
b.pack(anchor='w')
top.mainloop()

22. ĆWICZENIE

23. import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
colors = [('Red', 'red'),
('Green', 'green'),
('Blue', 'blue'),
('White', 'white')]
v = tkinter.StringVar()
v.set('red')
for text, color in colors:
b = tkinter.Radiobutton(top, text=text, variable=v, value=color)
b.pack(anchor='w')
def color_me():
b1.configure(bg=v.get())
b1 = tkinter.Button(top, text='COLOR ME', command=color_me)
b1.pack(anchor='w',fill='x')
top.mainloop()

24. Przydatne linki
• wiki.python.org/moin/TkInter
• tkdocs.com/tutorial
• tkinter.unpythonic.net/wiki
• pmw.sourceforge.net
• effbot.org/tkinterbook (2.7)
• thinkingtkinter.sourceforge.net (2.7)