The document provides an overview of the field of biotechnology, including its history, key areas and applications. It discusses topics like genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, transgenic plants and animals, DNA microarrays, bioinformatics, and careers in biotechnology. The future prospects of biotechnology in addressing global challenges like food security and healthcare are also highlighted.

1. BIOTECHNOLOGY “ Unwinding the helical mystery”

6. Animal cloning Gene cloning for pharmaceutical production The promise and perhaps perils of embryonic stem cells DNA fingerprinting Genetically modified foods and the American-European opinion divide.

10. Central dogma of Molecular Biology

14. Human Insulin

17. PCR machine

19. Transgenic Animals Animals that undergo deliberate modification in the structure of its genome by inserting genes of other species. Transgenesis produced animals like mice, pig, cattle and sheep . This technology has applications in agriculture and medicine

24. Reproductive cloning

25. The Next step of Cloning ?????

26. Extremely improbable

40. Preparation of Microarrays

41. DNA Microarray

45. Cell Cycle

46. Apoptosis

53. Production of MAbs Fusing myeloma cells and spleen cells of mice

58. Ti plasmid of A.tumefaciens

59. Mode of gene transfer

67. Tissue culture process

68. Gene gun method

69. DNA finger printing

72. Embryonic stem cell