Slides from Dr. Marita Holst, Botnia LL Director. Presented af CSC 2016 session 3: Living Labs and Open Innovation.

1. Living Lab Key Principles for
Sustainable Smart Cities
Marita Holst Botnia LL Director

2. Open Innovation
• Henry Chesbrough coined the term open innovation in
the early 2000.
• OI is built on Increased flow of information and
knowledge across organizational boundaries to speed
up innovation processes.
• Open Innovation consist of three elements:
– Culture
– Structure
– Business models
• OI demands new ways to think and act in
organisations.
• Letting go of control is central in Open Innovation.

3. Living Labs and ENOLL
• Living Labs emerged in parallel to the open innovation movement.
Going one step further taking a Quattro Helix Approach
• ENOLL was established in 2006 via the Project CoreLabs
– Answering to the need for increased citizen/user participation. Beta
testing was a trend. User-driven innovation was in focus.
– Wanted to create Labs which enabled citizens/users to contribute to
innovation and technology development in real world settings.
• Key Components, Key Principles and evaluation criteria of Living
Labs were defined.
• Remember! This is before the Smart Phones, IoT, CrowdSourcing
and Big Data entered into our lives, a lot has happened!
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4. Why do we need Key Principles?
• Facilitates:
 Design LL operations
 Investigation of impact and value of Living
Labs
 Understand and develop best practices for
Living Labs
 Elevation on each others research on Living
Labs
• Creates best practices of Living Lab
operations

5. Key Components and Principles
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6. Living Lab Key-Principles in practice
Value
 Experienced value of the innovation
 Focus on understanding needs and motivators
 Values arising from experiences and reflection of use
Influence:
 The input from stakeholders is used
 The results of the input should be communicated
 Users are active, competent partners and domain experts
Sustainability:
 Continuous learning – development of theories, models and methods
 Minimise environmental impact by developing sustainable innovation
and innovation processes
Openness;
 Engage multi stakeholders to participate
 Openly share ideas and designs
 Have an open mind
Realism:
 Make real world implementations
 Stimulate real use situations
 Understand stakeholders different views on reality
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7. Identified value of key principles
• Value – Better business model design, increased customer
knowledge
• Influence – More desired product and services, increased
customer satisfaction
• Sustainability – Decrease environmental impact, Strengthen
viability of organization and/or services
• Openness – Boosted innovation capacity
• Realism – Increased understanding and relevant knowledge
generation
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8. Digitalization Enables Smarter Cities and Regions
Citizens
Places
Education
Healthcare
Transport
Policy
Infrastructure
Living
Business
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9. Two perspectives on a Smart City
• Technology Focus:
– Sensors, Software and Networks:
• Efficiency and individual in focus
– Optimal traffic flows, energy consumption
– Find your way quickly (restaurants, shops, entertainment etc.)
• Social Focus:
– Global solutions with local services/values
• IT amplifies the experience of the city
• Social interaction in focus:
– Find friends or people with similar interests
– Create proximity via local information/knowledge
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10. Value (need based)
Trends
 Value from engagement must be clear
 Peoples free choice of what to install
and use
 Monetary value and growth in focus
 Technological overconfidence
 Crowd funding
Challenges:
 To create value-based innovations
 Competing values
 “what´s in it for me?”
 How to motivate engagement -
motivational factors are changing
Benefits
 Creative solutions
 Higher level of innovation
 Smoother adoption of
innovations
 Market impact
 Increased user satisfaction

11. Influence (co-creation)
Trends:
 Citizens/Users are viewed as factors
(data-containers)
 Citizens wants to make a difference and
be important
 Citizens want freedom of choice
 A flood of opportunities and events that
want people to engage
 Crowdsourcing
 Citizen Science
Challenges:
 Find motivated citizens; where, how to
reach, how motivate
 Find representative citizens
 Creating and using co-creative methods
 Listen to, respect, citizen’s needs
 Translate needs to requirements
Benefits
 Empowerment of citizens
 Balance perspectives
 Large amount of insights
 Faster innovation processes
 Informed decisions
 Increased understanding of real world
contexts

12. Sustainability
Trends:
 Climate change;
 energy, transportation, waste management,
etc
 Sharing economy
Challenges:
 Sustainable innovations & processes
 Get people engaged and keep them
engaged in these issues
 Activate people
 Climate stress
 Reluctance to take action
 Long term engagement of citizens
Benefits
 Stimulates creativity
 Sustainable use of resources
 Societal
 Environmental
 Economical
 Future generations
Well we all need to eat, drink
water, and breath so..

13. Openness
Trends:
 Open Innovation
 Open Data
 Open Science
 Open Government
Challenges:
 Handling consequences from
openness: who is open, why,
when, and with what?!
 Privacy issues
 Citizens more careful on what they
share and where
 Less open and curios regarding
innovations
Benefits
 Stimulate innovation
 Enhance creativity
 Creates growth
 Increased understanding of
citizens
 Boosted business opportunities
 Input from many stakeholders

14. Realism (real-world)
Trends
 Large scale piloting – require working
technology
 Scalability, speed and flexibility
 IoT implementations in city contexts
 The borders between the physical
and the digital is blurred
Challenges
 Find and engage pilot contexts Get
real access to data, customers,
contexts, etc..
 Responsibilities during and after
piloting
 Relationships between stakeholders
Benefits
 Real world experiences
 New target user groups
 Learn about citizens needs and goals
 Understand usage of services in
everyday practice
 Understand how the innovation fits
into citizens technology landscape
 Stimulates diffusion and adoption of
innovation

15.  Support innovation processes for the whole value
chain
 Answer to trends such as:
• Citizens changed roles from actors to factors
• Increased demands for shorter time to market
• Globalised market through the internet and IT’s use in
everyday practices
• Democratization of Innovation
• Crowdsourcing
• Citizen Science
• Digitalisation of society
Why are Living Labs important for Smart Cities?

16. Thank You!
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