This document discusses key concepts in pharmacology. It begins by defining pharmacology as the science of drugs and their interactions within living systems. It then discusses what drugs are and what they can and cannot do. The rest of the document outlines general pharmacological principles like pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and adverse drug reactions. It emphasizes the importance of studying pharmacology and provides guidance on how to study topics like classifications, mechanisms of action, and indications of drugs. The document stresses continuous lifelong learning in pharmacology.
61. WHAT TO STUDY IN PHARMACOLOGY ?
∗ General pharmacology
- Definitions
- Routes of drug administration
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics
- Adverse drug reactions
∗ Systemic pharmacology
- ANS, CVS, blood, autacoids related drugs, RS, CNS,
GIT, Hormones, Chemotherapy
69. Pharmacodynamics
Is what the drug does to the body.
Interaction of drugs with cellular proteins, such as
receptors or enzymes, to control changes in
physiological function of particular organs.
∗ Drug-Receptor Interactions
∗ Binding
∗ Dose-Response
∗ Effect
∗ Signal Transduction
∗ Mechanism of action, Pathways
70. Endogenous compounds act on their
Receptors
Neurotransmitter
Neuropeptides
Hormones
Ions
http://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/neurotrans
71. Drug-Receptor Interactions
∗Drug-receptor interactions signals to trigger a cascade of
events. collection of many cellular responses serve to amplify
the signal produce a final effect.
∗Effectors are thus the molecules that translate the drug-
receptor interaction into changes in cellular activity.
• •+ EFFECT
DRUG UG + RECEPTOR DRUG + RECEPTOR EFFECTOR EFFECTOR
INTERACTION COMPLEX SYSTEM
STIMULUS BINDING ACTIVATION TRANSDUCTION
AMPLIFICATION RESPONSE
SIGNALLING PATHWAY
118. DO”S
∗ Keep correct time
∗ Be attentive
∗ Hear and listen
∗ Take notes
∗ Be relaxed
∗ Maintain silence
119.
120. DON”Ts
∗ Talk with others during lecture
∗ Use cellphones
∗ Call the names of your friends
121.
122.
123. Even thousands of miles of journey
starts with a single step……..
lao tzu a chinese mystic
124. A JOKE TO END
∗ A chief doctor was on a practical
demonstration of the two top most qualities
of a skilful doctor to newly arrived young
medical students with a patient
∗ He said, “listen my dear students…
∗ you must have keen observation and
tolerance for becoming skilful and efficient”
125. ∗ Then He did a PerRectal examination in the
patient and sucked his middle finger
∗ The students were amazed and stunned..!
∗ He asked “Now can any of you demonstrate
this..?”
∗ There was a murmuring among the
youngsters and slowly One student came
forward with bravery
126. ∗ He did the P.R examination through his
middle finger and sucked his middle
finger with a disgusting face
∗ The senior doctor smiled to the student
and said , good.. You have tolerance, but
no observation and added I did P.R with
my index finger and I sucked my middle
finger……..