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BEWARE AGILE IS 
MANIPULATING 
YOU!!! 
Introduction to 
behavioral 
economy & its 
Pierre Hervouet 
application in 
Agile @agilelebanon 
#XPDAYSBENE
Before : Financial Controler 
Since 2009: Agilitator 
Pierre Hervouet 
2009 
2001 
@agilelebanon
| 3 
Agenda  Quizz 
 Evidence of the Agile practices? 
 System 1 & System 2 
 Conclusion
| 4 
Quiz
| 5 
Quiz / #1 
The longest line 
A 
B
| 6 
Quiz / #2
| 7 
Quiz / #3 
Mental Calculation 
If it takes 5 machines 5 minutes to 
make 5 shirts, how long would it take 
100 machines to make 100 shirts?
| 8 
Quiz / #4 
Who is Mark? 
Mark is very shy and withdrawn, invariably 
helpful, but with little interest in people, the 
world or reality. 
He spend most part of his free time by 
reading books. 
He has a docile and reserved personality . 
He has a need for order and structure, and a 
passion for detail. 
Is Mark more likely to a be librarian or a 
farmer?
| 9 
Quiz / #5 
Mental Calculation 
A bat and ball cost 11 Euros, 
The bat costs 10 euros more than the 
ball. 
How much does the ball cost?
| 10 
Quiz / #6 
Mental Calculation 
In a lake, there is a patch of lily pads. 
Every day, the patch doubles in size. 
If it takes 48 days for the patch to 
cover the entire lake, how long would 
it take for a patch to cover half of the 
lake?
| 11 
Quiz / #7 
Joe 
A) Joe seemed to have a good 
marriage. He killed his wife to get the 
life insurance. 
B) Joe seemed to have a good 
marriage. He killed his wife. 
What is the most likely sentence?
| 12 
Quiz / #8 
Hitler 
A- Adolf Hitler was born in 1892 
B- Adolf Hitler was born in 1887 
Which one of these two 
sentences is correct?
| 13 
INTRODUCTION
A 
B
A 
B
| 16
| 17
| 18
| 19
| 20 
Evidence of 
Agile practices 
Persona 
Bionicles 
Hum Hum 
The ancor 
Ikea Effect 
All of us are dishonest
| 21 
Quiz / #3 
Mental Calculation 
Answer: 
5 minutes 
If it takes 5 machines 5 minutes to 
make 5 shirts, how long would it take 
100 machines to make 100 shirts?
ROKIA
“the death of one is a 
tragedy the death of 
millions is a statistic”
Would you like 
to help Rokia? 
Zambia 
1,000,000 don’t 
have access to 
drinking water. 
We need your help
Would you like 
to help Rokia? 
• Rokia is 6 years old 
• She lives in a small village in 
Zambia 
• She doesn’t have access to 
drinking water, which is 
making her regularly sick 
• Rokia needs your help!
Radiologist
End-users
DAVID 
HELLENE 
JOHN 
DAMIEN 
STEPHANIE 
CAROLINE 
ERIK 
FREDERIC
ROKIA Asking help one particular person, Rokia is more 
effective than asking for help for a general cause 
(thousands who do need have access to drinking 
water) 
«The identifiable Victim effect »: Rokia has a story 
| 29 
Individual engages emotionally people 
Having the patient’s photo near the Xray, 
increases the level of incident findings by 80% 
Agile Practices: 
Persona 
Users story 
Client proxy 
Iteration review
| 30 
Quiz / #4 
Who is Mark? 
Answer: 
Farmer 
Don’t forget 
demographic 
Mark is very shy and withdrawn, invariably 
helpful, but with little interest in people, the 
world or reality. 
He spend most part of his free time by 
reading books. 
He has a docile and reserved personality . 
He has a need for order and structure, and a 
passion for detail. 
Is Mark more likely to a be librarian or a 
farmer?
BIONICLES 
EXPERIENCE
+ + + 
3.0$ 
2.7$ 
2.4$ 
… 
0.3$
4 
= 1.2$ 
Meaningful Sisyphus Consultant
ET CEUX QUI AIME LES LEGOS?
| 36 
BIONICLE 
EXPERIMENT 
The neo classical economic theory about 
motivation says that: 
We are like laboratory mice in maze looking for 
tangible rewards such as food…but even mice are 
looking for meaning. 
Under estimation of the economic effect of the 
motivation related to meaning (intrinsic 
motivation). 
The impact of demotivation due to the loss of 
meaning, is more important for those who like 
their job. 
Agile Practices: 
Product Vision 
Iteration Vision 
Iteration review
| 37 
Quiz / #5 
Mental Calculation 
A bat and ball cost 11 Euros, 
The bat costs 10 euros more than the 
ball. 
How much does the ball cost? 
Answer: 
0.5 Euro
BIONICLE & 
“HUM, HUM” 
EXPERIENCES 
“HUM, HUM” 
EXPERIMENT
EXPERIMENT 
SDFJLKGJSFIOUFDASFD 
JLKJLKJLKJIBJKGASSDF 
MDFGJAQXLMKLPBSK 
MCADZERSYBFLFNHS 
JJAQPWCGVZSFTYELM 
DHSMKLPBSKMASFDG 
VZSFTYELMNHS JJAQ 
PKFLWHZJJAQPWVZSF 
TYSKMASFCGVZSFTYE 
NHSQPLMHHSCZXERY 
• Find the 10 sequences 
of SS 
• Digressive payments 
0.55$-0.50$-0.45$-…..
3 CONDITIONS 
DE L’ETUDE 
BIONICLE & 
“HUM, HUM” 
EXPERIENCES 
HUM HUM ! INDIFFERENCE SHREDDER PAPER
9.0 
6.3 6.8 
Hum Hum Shredder Indifference 
Feuille = 15cts Feuille = 30cts
| 42 
«HUM HUM» 
EXPERIMENT: 
MOTIVATION 
Importance of acknowledgment 
Do you want to demotivate your team?: Ignore 
their achievements 
Indifference leads to the same effect as the paper 
shredder! 
From an economical point of view, the cost of 
acknowledgement is very low Agile practices: 
• Celebration 
• Iteration Review
| 43 
Quiz / #6 
Mental Calculation 
In a lake, there is a patch of lily pads. 
Every day, the patch doubles in size. 
If it takes 48 days for the patch to 
cover the entire lake, how long would 
it take for a patch to cover half of the 
lake? 
Answer: 
47 days
| 44 
The Anchor
Differences between the 
« Bob’s » estimations et the 
« Chris’s » estimations
The Anchor When a figure is introduced it becomes the point 
| 49 
of reference 
Particularly when we don’t have a clear idea 
about the value 
The comparison inside the same category is 
constant 
Agile Practice: 
Planning poker
| 50 
Quiz / #7 
Joe 
A) Joe seemed to have a good 
marriage. He killed his wife to get the 
life insurance. 
B) Joe seemed to have a good 
marriage. He killed his wife. 
Answer: What is the most likely sentence? 
B
| 51 
LE’AFNFCECRTAGE
ORIGAMI EXPERIMENT 
• Amateur Creator 
• Professionals 
• Non- Creator
$0.23 
$0.05 
$0.27 
Amateurs => 
Amateurs 
Non Creators => 
Amateurs 
Non creator => Prof.
| 54 
IKEA EFFECT • We over evaluate what we make 
• Usually we are not conscious of this factor 
• The client engagement in the product design 
can activate the IKEA effect 
Agile Practices: 
Involvement of the 
customers…can activate 
the IKEA Effect 
Frequent delivery & feed-back 
mitigate the IKEA 
effect
| 55 
Quiz / #8 
Hitler 
Adolf Hitler was born in 1892 
Adolf Hitler was born in 1887 
Which one of these two 
Answer: sentences is correct? 
1889 
Just to check the influence 
of the typography ;-)
| 56 
We are all 
Dishonest 
L’ANCRAGE 
You are all 
Dishonest
| 57 
We are all dishonest 
• Find the pair of numbers with 
the sum = 10 
• Calculate your results 
• Go to the shredder 
• Give the result 
• Get the money
| 58 
We are all dishonest Lot of people are cheating 
Influencing factors 
 Social proof (+ & -) 
 Remember regularly the reason to be honest 
(signing the rules before, remembering the 10 
commandments) (-) 
Agile Practices:  Capability to rationalize our behavior (+) 
Team rules 
Stand up meeting 
Information radiator
| 59 
The two 
systems 
System 1 
Fast 
Low energy consumption 
Difficult to rewire 
Learn by practice 
Usually in control 
Emotional 
System 2 
Slow 
High energy consumption 
Fast to learn 
Learn by theory 
Believe he is in control 
Logical
Daniel 
Kahneman
SYSTEM 1 
• Fast 
• Instinctive 
• Emotional 
• Low energy consumption 
• Difficult to rewire 
• Learn by experience 
• Is the real person 
controlling 
SYSTEM 2 
• Slow 
• Analytical 
• Logical 
• High energy consumption 
• Learn quickly 
• Theoretical learning 
• Thinks that he is 
controlling
| 62 
Conclusions Experiment 
Doubt 
Measure 
Feed-back
| 63 
Agent économique rationnel 
Couts $ Bénéfices $
| 64 
Conclusions • We are not rational economical agent 
• Many decisions are unconsciously 
irrational 
• We have lot of cognitive biases 
• We have naturally a good ability for 
comparison and finding patterns 
• In facing complexity , we have a tendency 
to choose the easiest path (System 1 )
| 65 
Conclusions • When it is too easy :doubt 
• Rely on empirical evidence 
• Experiment , prototype, measure 
• PDCA 
• … Be AGILE
| 66 
& the 
confirmation 
bias?
Credits 
• https://class.coursera.org/behavioralecon-002
| 69 
Questions?
| 70 
THANK YOU

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Beware Agile is manipulating you

  • 1. BEWARE AGILE IS MANIPULATING YOU!!! Introduction to behavioral economy & its Pierre Hervouet application in Agile @agilelebanon #XPDAYSBENE
  • 2. Before : Financial Controler Since 2009: Agilitator Pierre Hervouet 2009 2001 @agilelebanon
  • 3. | 3 Agenda  Quizz  Evidence of the Agile practices?  System 1 & System 2  Conclusion
  • 5. | 5 Quiz / #1 The longest line A B
  • 6. | 6 Quiz / #2
  • 7. | 7 Quiz / #3 Mental Calculation If it takes 5 machines 5 minutes to make 5 shirts, how long would it take 100 machines to make 100 shirts?
  • 8. | 8 Quiz / #4 Who is Mark? Mark is very shy and withdrawn, invariably helpful, but with little interest in people, the world or reality. He spend most part of his free time by reading books. He has a docile and reserved personality . He has a need for order and structure, and a passion for detail. Is Mark more likely to a be librarian or a farmer?
  • 9. | 9 Quiz / #5 Mental Calculation A bat and ball cost 11 Euros, The bat costs 10 euros more than the ball. How much does the ball cost?
  • 10. | 10 Quiz / #6 Mental Calculation In a lake, there is a patch of lily pads. Every day, the patch doubles in size. If it takes 48 days for the patch to cover the entire lake, how long would it take for a patch to cover half of the lake?
  • 11. | 11 Quiz / #7 Joe A) Joe seemed to have a good marriage. He killed his wife to get the life insurance. B) Joe seemed to have a good marriage. He killed his wife. What is the most likely sentence?
  • 12. | 12 Quiz / #8 Hitler A- Adolf Hitler was born in 1892 B- Adolf Hitler was born in 1887 Which one of these two sentences is correct?
  • 14. A B
  • 15. A B
  • 16. | 16
  • 17. | 17
  • 18. | 18
  • 19. | 19
  • 20. | 20 Evidence of Agile practices Persona Bionicles Hum Hum The ancor Ikea Effect All of us are dishonest
  • 21. | 21 Quiz / #3 Mental Calculation Answer: 5 minutes If it takes 5 machines 5 minutes to make 5 shirts, how long would it take 100 machines to make 100 shirts?
  • 22. ROKIA
  • 23. “the death of one is a tragedy the death of millions is a statistic”
  • 24. Would you like to help Rokia? Zambia 1,000,000 don’t have access to drinking water. We need your help
  • 25. Would you like to help Rokia? • Rokia is 6 years old • She lives in a small village in Zambia • She doesn’t have access to drinking water, which is making her regularly sick • Rokia needs your help!
  • 28. DAVID HELLENE JOHN DAMIEN STEPHANIE CAROLINE ERIK FREDERIC
  • 29. ROKIA Asking help one particular person, Rokia is more effective than asking for help for a general cause (thousands who do need have access to drinking water) «The identifiable Victim effect »: Rokia has a story | 29 Individual engages emotionally people Having the patient’s photo near the Xray, increases the level of incident findings by 80% Agile Practices: Persona Users story Client proxy Iteration review
  • 30. | 30 Quiz / #4 Who is Mark? Answer: Farmer Don’t forget demographic Mark is very shy and withdrawn, invariably helpful, but with little interest in people, the world or reality. He spend most part of his free time by reading books. He has a docile and reserved personality . He has a need for order and structure, and a passion for detail. Is Mark more likely to a be librarian or a farmer?
  • 32. + + + 3.0$ 2.7$ 2.4$ … 0.3$
  • 33.
  • 34. 4 = 1.2$ Meaningful Sisyphus Consultant
  • 35. ET CEUX QUI AIME LES LEGOS?
  • 36. | 36 BIONICLE EXPERIMENT The neo classical economic theory about motivation says that: We are like laboratory mice in maze looking for tangible rewards such as food…but even mice are looking for meaning. Under estimation of the economic effect of the motivation related to meaning (intrinsic motivation). The impact of demotivation due to the loss of meaning, is more important for those who like their job. Agile Practices: Product Vision Iteration Vision Iteration review
  • 37. | 37 Quiz / #5 Mental Calculation A bat and ball cost 11 Euros, The bat costs 10 euros more than the ball. How much does the ball cost? Answer: 0.5 Euro
  • 38. BIONICLE & “HUM, HUM” EXPERIENCES “HUM, HUM” EXPERIMENT
  • 39. EXPERIMENT SDFJLKGJSFIOUFDASFD JLKJLKJLKJIBJKGASSDF MDFGJAQXLMKLPBSK MCADZERSYBFLFNHS JJAQPWCGVZSFTYELM DHSMKLPBSKMASFDG VZSFTYELMNHS JJAQ PKFLWHZJJAQPWVZSF TYSKMASFCGVZSFTYE NHSQPLMHHSCZXERY • Find the 10 sequences of SS • Digressive payments 0.55$-0.50$-0.45$-…..
  • 40. 3 CONDITIONS DE L’ETUDE BIONICLE & “HUM, HUM” EXPERIENCES HUM HUM ! INDIFFERENCE SHREDDER PAPER
  • 41. 9.0 6.3 6.8 Hum Hum Shredder Indifference Feuille = 15cts Feuille = 30cts
  • 42. | 42 «HUM HUM» EXPERIMENT: MOTIVATION Importance of acknowledgment Do you want to demotivate your team?: Ignore their achievements Indifference leads to the same effect as the paper shredder! From an economical point of view, the cost of acknowledgement is very low Agile practices: • Celebration • Iteration Review
  • 43. | 43 Quiz / #6 Mental Calculation In a lake, there is a patch of lily pads. Every day, the patch doubles in size. If it takes 48 days for the patch to cover the entire lake, how long would it take for a patch to cover half of the lake? Answer: 47 days
  • 44. | 44 The Anchor
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48. Differences between the « Bob’s » estimations et the « Chris’s » estimations
  • 49. The Anchor When a figure is introduced it becomes the point | 49 of reference Particularly when we don’t have a clear idea about the value The comparison inside the same category is constant Agile Practice: Planning poker
  • 50. | 50 Quiz / #7 Joe A) Joe seemed to have a good marriage. He killed his wife to get the life insurance. B) Joe seemed to have a good marriage. He killed his wife. Answer: What is the most likely sentence? B
  • 52. ORIGAMI EXPERIMENT • Amateur Creator • Professionals • Non- Creator
  • 53. $0.23 $0.05 $0.27 Amateurs => Amateurs Non Creators => Amateurs Non creator => Prof.
  • 54. | 54 IKEA EFFECT • We over evaluate what we make • Usually we are not conscious of this factor • The client engagement in the product design can activate the IKEA effect Agile Practices: Involvement of the customers…can activate the IKEA Effect Frequent delivery & feed-back mitigate the IKEA effect
  • 55. | 55 Quiz / #8 Hitler Adolf Hitler was born in 1892 Adolf Hitler was born in 1887 Which one of these two Answer: sentences is correct? 1889 Just to check the influence of the typography ;-)
  • 56. | 56 We are all Dishonest L’ANCRAGE You are all Dishonest
  • 57. | 57 We are all dishonest • Find the pair of numbers with the sum = 10 • Calculate your results • Go to the shredder • Give the result • Get the money
  • 58. | 58 We are all dishonest Lot of people are cheating Influencing factors  Social proof (+ & -)  Remember regularly the reason to be honest (signing the rules before, remembering the 10 commandments) (-) Agile Practices:  Capability to rationalize our behavior (+) Team rules Stand up meeting Information radiator
  • 59. | 59 The two systems System 1 Fast Low energy consumption Difficult to rewire Learn by practice Usually in control Emotional System 2 Slow High energy consumption Fast to learn Learn by theory Believe he is in control Logical
  • 61. SYSTEM 1 • Fast • Instinctive • Emotional • Low energy consumption • Difficult to rewire • Learn by experience • Is the real person controlling SYSTEM 2 • Slow • Analytical • Logical • High energy consumption • Learn quickly • Theoretical learning • Thinks that he is controlling
  • 62. | 62 Conclusions Experiment Doubt Measure Feed-back
  • 63. | 63 Agent économique rationnel Couts $ Bénéfices $
  • 64. | 64 Conclusions • We are not rational economical agent • Many decisions are unconsciously irrational • We have lot of cognitive biases • We have naturally a good ability for comparison and finding patterns • In facing complexity , we have a tendency to choose the easiest path (System 1 )
  • 65. | 65 Conclusions • When it is too easy :doubt • Rely on empirical evidence • Experiment , prototype, measure • PDCA • … Be AGILE
  • 66. | 66 & the confirmation bias?
  • 67.
  • 70. | 70 THANK YOU

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. I am going to explain our psychological experiment can explain theoryticaly some our agile practices
  2. We are going to start by a quizz, I am going to give the answer along the presentation There is no prize for those we are successful about the quizz only the pride of achieving it I am going to present 5 experiments are explaining how Agile is manipulating you Manipulating mean for me you are doing thing with out knowing real for what reason We are going to have the brief explanation of the theory that is supporting this finding Conclusion Appealing intuitive and wrong
  3. Il n’est rien dans l’intellect qui ne me soit passer par nos sens
  4. Cognitive reflexion teste
  5. Les gens se servent de la ressemblance plus que de donnees statistaies disponibles (il y a 20 agriculteur pour 1 bibilothecaire) 604 000 agriculteurs en france 2010 15600 bibliotheque et point d’access au livre 40000 corrige plein temps Exemple de l’adultere En psychologie, une heuristique de jugement désigne une opération mentale, rapide et intuitive. Ignorance des probabilités a priori (ignorance du taux de base) Insensibilité à la taille de l’échantillon et conception erronée du hasard Insensibilité à la prévisibilité et illusion de validité (est ce que l’information disponible est valide? Confiance dans ces choix) Conception erronée de la régression ils n'envisagent pas que les variables aléatoires soient responsable de la différence observée Heuristique de disponibilité et biais associés La facilité de rappel des souvenirs L’efficacité d’une recherche en mémoire Disponiblite de la lettre R en 1 ou en 3 (souvent premier mais difficle de savoir) Biais d’imagination La corrélation illusoire Heuristique d’ancrage et d’ajustement et biais associés (roue truquee Ils recevaient alors un pourcentage qui était soit 10 % soit 65 %. Ensuite, ils devaient évaluer si le pourcentage était inférieur ou supérieur à celui du nombre de pays africains représentés aux Nations unies. Enfin, ils devaient en estimer le pourcentage exact. Les résultats montrent que l’estimation est influencée par le pourcentage fournie par la roue de la fortune. Les gens se sont donc basés sur celui-ci : ce nombre a été l’ancre de leur estimation. L’estimation de ceux dont l’ancre était de 10 % tournait autour de 25 % tandis que l’estimation de ceux qui avaient reçu 65 % était aux alentours de 45 %. Biais dans l’évaluation d’évènements conjonctifs et disjonctifs Heuristique de simulation et biais associés L’heuristique de simulation est la tendance des individus à considérer le dénouement d’une situation qu’ils jugent être le plus probable comme celui qui aura réellement lieu Évaluabilité Warm Glow heuristic, ou heuristique de familiarité , et biais associés[modifier | modifier le code] Monin37 propose l’idée que les réactions affectives associées aux stimuli permettent aux personnes de se rappeler si elles ont déjà été confrontées à ces mêmes stimuli auparavant. Heuristique d’effort : Kruger et ses collègues39 suggèrent que lorsque la production de quelque chose requiert beaucoup d’effort, les individus ont tendance à y accorder davantage de valeur et de qualité. Heuristique de rareté : Il s’agit d’une règle mentale qui consiste à apprécier davantage les choses difficiles à obtenir Heuristique de similarité : Dans une situation nouvelle, les individus se basent sur les similarités qu’elle partage avec une situation connue afin d’émettre des suppositions Heuristique de négativité : L’heuristique de négativité consiste à donner plus de poids à une information négative qu’à une information positive, pourtant rendues équivalentes en termes de force42.
  6. Nothing in our brain that is not go through our senses Il n’est rien dans l’intellect qui ne me soit passer par nos senses Just noticeable differences maintiend the Just noticiable différence d’un stimuli en constante proportion de l’intensite original du simulus) Effet weber
  7. Cognitive reflexion teste
  8. http://quoteinvestigator.com/
  9. Radiologiste le travail commence a paraitre impersonnel et mecanique Affichage de photo (Yehonatan Turner) Photo de personne, qaund il regarde la photo du patient apparait automatiquement (plus d’empathie avec le client don’t il voit la photo Examine l’image de facon plus meticuleuese (repasse le meme set de radio sans les photos (80% des decouverte forfuite n’etaeint plus reperere) La tache princplae du medecin est de regard si mon cubitus est fracture Mais il peut detecte un kiste au coude c’est alors une decouverte fortuite
  10. Par exemple savoir le prix on paie ou on est paye pour ecoute le professuer parler
  11. Les gens se servent de la ressemblance plus que de donnees statistaies disponibles (il y a 20 agriculteur pour 1 bibilothecaire) 604 000 agriculteurs en france 2010 15600 bibliotheque et point d’access au livre 40000 corrige plein temps Exemple de l’adultere En psychologie, une heuristique de jugement désigne une opération mentale, rapide et intuitive. Ignorance des probabilités a priori (ignorance du taux de base) Insensibilité à la taille de l’échantillon et conception erronée du hasard Insensibilité à la prévisibilité et illusion de validité (est ce que l’information disponible est valide? Confiance dans ces choix) Conception erronée de la régression ils n'envisagent pas que les variables aléatoires soient responsable de la différence observée Heuristique de disponibilité et biais associés La facilité de rappel des souvenirs L’efficacité d’une recherche en mémoire Disponiblite de la lettre R en 1 ou en 3 (souvent premier mais difficle de savoir) Biais d’imagination La corrélation illusoire Heuristique d’ancrage et d’ajustement et biais associés (roue truquee Ils recevaient alors un pourcentage qui était soit 10 % soit 65 %. Ensuite, ils devaient évaluer si le pourcentage était inférieur ou supérieur à celui du nombre de pays africains représentés aux Nations unies. Enfin, ils devaient en estimer le pourcentage exact. Les résultats montrent que l’estimation est influencée par le pourcentage fournie par la roue de la fortune. Les gens se sont donc basés sur celui-ci : ce nombre a été l’ancre de leur estimation. L’estimation de ceux dont l’ancre était de 10 % tournait autour de 25 % tandis que l’estimation de ceux qui avaient reçu 65 % était aux alentours de 45 %. Biais dans l’évaluation d’évènements conjonctifs et disjonctifs Heuristique de simulation et biais associés L’heuristique de simulation est la tendance des individus à considérer le dénouement d’une situation qu’ils jugent être le plus probable comme celui qui aura réellement lieu Évaluabilité Warm Glow heuristic, ou heuristique de familiarité , et biais associés[modifier | modifier le code] Monin37 propose l’idée que les réactions affectives associées aux stimuli permettent aux personnes de se rappeler si elles ont déjà été confrontées à ces mêmes stimuli auparavant. Heuristique d’effort : Kruger et ses collègues39 suggèrent que lorsque la production de quelque chose requiert beaucoup d’effort, les individus ont tendance à y accorder davantage de valeur et de qualité. Heuristique de rareté : Il s’agit d’une règle mentale qui consiste à apprécier davantage les choses difficiles à obtenir Heuristique de similarité : Dans une situation nouvelle, les individus se basent sur les similarités qu’elle partage avec une situation connue afin d’émettre des suppositions Heuristique de négativité : L’heuristique de négativité consiste à donner plus de poids à une information négative qu’à une information positive, pourtant rendues équivalentes en termes de force42.
  12. Upside of irrationality: capitre 2: meaning of labor
  13. Meaningful condition people build Lego, Would you like to build another for 2.7 $? Would like to build another for 2.4$? What they want to measure is at what point the value of building the next bionicle is not worth the effort
  14. Was punished by the Gods to roll an immense rockup a hill, to watch it roll back down, and to repeat this action forever. Sisyphus condition Same procedure but after the second the second one, the first one was take apart a give back So the people was assembling the same two bionicles
  15. Wanted to know what are the corelation between like to make lego and the number of lego build In the meaning full condition there is c a clear motivation people who like lego wre building more lego … people who like what are doing are ready to get less monetray reward But there is no correlation in sysiphus condition, people are demotativate like a peron who deos like to build lego … Which means the impacts of demotivation for people who likes their job,
  16. L’argent nous permets d’atteindre d’autre éléments de motivations
  17. Les gens ne pense pas que leur évaluation peut être influence par un nombre arbitraire
  18. L’argent nous permets d’atteindre d’autre éléments de motivations
  19. Les gens ne pense pas que leur évaluation peut être influence par un nombre arbitraire
  20. Les gens ne pense pas que leur évaluation peut être influence par un nombre arbitraire
  21. Les gens ne pense pas que leur évaluation peut être influence par un nombre arbitraire
  22. Les gens ne pense pas que leur evaluation peut être influence par un nombre arbitraire mais c’est le cas! D’autres exemples d’experience conduite avec daniel Khaneman
  23. Par exemple savoir le prix on paie ou on est paye pour ecoute le professuer parler
  24. THE UPSIDE OF IRRATIONALITY: CHAPITRE 3. LA LOI DES ŒUFS 70/30 SEMI-HOMEMADE (COPYRIGHT) FAIT MAISON
  25. Student can create a origami grenouille ou grue L’origami leur appartient mais ils la possibilite de partcipe a des encheres pour leur orogami If yous fait une enchère plus haute que le nombre au hasard vous gagner l’origami et vous payer le prix du computer Sinon pas de paiement ni d’ enchere Ideee est que les gens mettent l’enchère au maximum qu’ils sont prêt a paye (ni trop ni pas assez) Createur condition 23 c Non createur 5c Introduction d’origami experts Non createur 27c Bbidding precedure Becker-Degroot-Marschak BDM
  26. L’argent nous permets d’atteindre d’autre éléments de motivations
  27. THE UPSIDE OF IRRATIONALITY: CHAPITRE 3. LA LOI DES ŒUFS 70/30 SEMI-HOMEMADE (COPYRIGHT) FAIT MAISON
  28. Les gens ne pense pas que leur évaluation peut être influence par un nombre arbitraire
  29. Par exemple savoir le prix on paie ou on est paye pour ecoute le professuer parler