Community Development Program launched by Government of India in 1952.

1. Community Development Programme
1952
Government of India
PRESENTED BY-
ROHIT DABAS, AKASH SINGH I M.U.R.P.-1st YEAR I I.I.T. ROORKEE

2. The Planning Commission of India
“Community development is an
attempt to bring about a social and
economic transformation of village life
through the efforts of the people
themselves.”

3. • Over 65% of the population living in rural areas are primarily
dependent on agriculture for their livelihood
• about 11.25% of the rural families are landless and among the land
holders, over 69.35% own less than 1 ha (marginal farmers) and
21.25% own between 1 and 2 ha (small farmers)
• only 28% area is under irrigation and the rest is dependent on rains,
where hardly one crop can be grown in a year
• Apart from inadequate earning for livelihood, the rural people also
suffer from poor health arising from starvation, lack of
immunization, hygiene and sanitation
• 25% villages do not have year-round supply of drinking water and
about 75% of the potable water sources are polluted
• the rural poor have to depend on money lenders, to meet their
emergencies and fall into the debt trap
• They often try to forget their problems by consuming alcohol
• While some migrate to cities, others live in chronic poverty. They
lose confidence in others as well in their ability to live a decent life
• This is a vicious cycle.
Background

4. History of Evolution
• The concept of community development in India was initiated well before
independence
• Even during the struggle for independence, under the leadership of Mahatma
Gandhi - the Father of the Nation
1935
Under the British Rule, while confirming autonomy on the provinces, included rural
development as an important programme to be initiated for the welfare of the
people
The aim was to generate gainful employment in rural areas and to improve the
quality of life
1941
Mahatma Gandhi advocated communal harmony, economic equity, social equality,
de-addiction from alcohol and narcotics, promotion of ‘khadi’ (hand spun and
hand woven cloth) and village industries, sanitation, health care, education and
empowerment of women.
1943
Bengal Famine ,the outbreak of World War II, food supply was a critical problem in
most parts of the country
1948
A pilot community development project was launched through the Etawah Project
1949
Fiscal Commission and the Grow More Food Enquiry Committee - supply of free
seeds, subsidies for construction of wells and embankments, supply of manure,
fixing a minimum price for grain.
Major setback – Zamindari System
The CDP was launched on the birth-day of Mahatma Gandhi

5. Development
through years
1952
There were 55 community projects in 3 blocks. Each of the community development
projects covered an area of about 450-500 sq.miles with about 300 villages and a
population of about 2 lakhs
A development block consisted of about 100 villages with about 150-170 sq.miles
and a population of about 60-70 thousands
Each block was further divided into groups of 5-10 villages each
October 2, 1953
The need for rapid extension of the programme to other parts of the country led to
the National Extension Service (NES) along side the CDP, covering the entire country
within a period of 10 years
NES was less intensive in character
1957
Balvantroy Mehta team recommended the establishment of statutory elective of
local leaders i.e., Panchayat Raj Institutions (Village Panchayat, Panchayat Union and
District Development Council)
April, 1958
Both CDP and NES were integrated both at the centre and state.
By the end of the First Five Year Plan (1952-57), 1114 blocks covering 163,000
villages were in operation and by sixties, the community development programme
covered the entire country.

6. CDP-1952
Brief
• Biggest rural reconstruction scheme undertaken by the government of free India
• Described as the ‘magna carta’ of hope and happiness for two-thirds of India’s population
• Testament of emancipation, the declaration of war on poverty, ignorance, squalor and
disease under which millions have been groaning
• Its successful execution will bring back to village economic prosperity, bring both outward
and inward grace to the Indian village
• The CP of the present form is, in the main, an American concept
• It is, in a way, the culmination of the economics of rural reconstruction as learnt and
developed in the US with its practical usefulness justified under the Indian conditions
• Emerged out of the experiments made at Etawah and Gorakhpur under the inspiration of
Albert Meyers
• It is intended to apply it to the concept of the village community as a whole, cutting across
caste, religious and economic differences.

7. “Not so much for the material achievements that they
would bring about, but much more so, because they
seem to build up the community and the individual and
to make the latter the builder of his own village centers
and of India in the larger sense.”
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru – the so called Architect of Modern India

8. Level Administrative Head
(Government)
Non-Official Head
Nation Planning Commission/
Niti Aayog
Prime Minister / Chairman
Planning Commission
State Development Commissioner Consultative Committee
District District Collector / Chief Executive
Officer, Z.P.
Chairman
District Development Committee
Block Block Development Officer President
Panchayat Samiti
Village Village Level Worker/
Gram Sewak/ VDO
Chairman
Gram Panchayat
lay down broad policies and to provide general supervision, economic development. This
department prepared national basis programmes, budgeting, directing and coordinating
throughout the country
National Level
• State Development Committee, presided over by the chief minister and consists of all ministers
of development departments.
• The Development Commissioner acted as Secretary to this committee - receive programme
guidance from the centre and report progress and suggestions to the centre, maintained an
administration relationship with the District Collector
State Level
Administration of CDP-1952,
Prior to Panchayat Raj

9. District Level - district collector-
chairman of the DDC, assisted by
BDOs, DDC consists of all Heads of
Department in the district
Block Level – Headed by BDO, who is
assisted by a team of experts in
agriculture, cooperation, animal
husbandry, cottage industries
•BDC consists of representatives of
panchayats, cooperatives, progressive
farmers, social workers, MPs , MLAs
Village Level – VLW or Gram Sevak,
acts as multi purpose man- incharge of
about 7 to 10 villages.
•He is incharge of both village and
family development.
•Last person in the chain

10. 1. It promotes self-confidence among the rural population
2. It develops self-reliance in the individual and initiative in the village community
3. It effects change at the psychological level of the rural people
4. It seeks to create new administrative machinery suited to the manifold needs of the village
5. It is pre-eminently people-oriented
6. Community thinking and collective action are encouraged through people’s institutions like the
Panchayats, cooperative societies, Vikas mandals
• The programme is instrumental in raising the standard of living of the ruralites and in reconstructing
the rural India
• Prof. Carl Taylor rightly observes that the programme signifies active cooperation and involvement of
the ruralites in formulating and executing their own plans and programmes
• The end result is social change, economic development and emergence of new local leadership at
the village level
• The development of villages is very much important for the development of the nation
CHARACTERISTICS
IMPORTANCE

11. Economic
Development
Social Justice Democratic
Growth
Broad Objectives
1. To increase agricultural production both quantitatively and qualitatively
2. To solve the problem of rural unemployment
3. To develop the means of transport and communication in the villages through repairing old roads and
constructing new pucka roads
4. To bring about development in the sphere of primary education, public health and recreation
5. To assist the villagers to build good and cheap houses with the help of modern plans and new building
methods
6. To set up and encourage cottage industries and indigenous handicrafts
1. holistic development of rural life through optimum utilisation of physical and human resources
2. to provide all sorts of facilities available in a Welfare State to the ruralites
3. Taking care of the social, moral and financial progress of the villagers
Short-Term Objectives
Long-Term Objectives

12. 1. To assist each village in having effective panchayats, cooperatives and schools
2. Through these village institutions, plan and carry out integrated multi-phased family, village, Block and
District
3. Increasing agricultural production
4. Improving existing village crafts and industries and organising new ones
5. Providing minimum essential health services and improving health practices
6. Providing required educational facilities for children and an adult education programme
7. Providing recreational facilities and programmes
8. Improving housing and family living conditions
9. Providing programmes for village women and youth
Objectives

13. SCOPE
Agricultural and allied activities
reutilisation of virgin and waste lands, repairing of
old wells, digging new wells and irrigation facilities,
adoption of qualitative high-yielding seeds, manures,
fertilizers, use of tractors, animal husbandry, poultry
farming, fishery, soil conservation and growth of
vegetables and plants etc.
Organisation ‘co-operative service societies’, multi-purpose
cooperative societies, ‘marketing co-operatives’
Education
primary education, adult education and social
education with the aim of expanding the mental
horizon of the ruralites
Employment setting up of small scale and cottage industries
Health Services
Provision for mobile, permanent dispensaries,
arrangements for maternal care, medical aid during
pregnancy, midwife service, child care
Communication
Repair of old roads, construction of new roads and
arrangement for transportation and communication
facilities
Vocational Training
Imparting vocational training in the field of tailoring,
embroidery, carpentry etc
Supply of Drinking Water
Attempting to provide safe drinking water by
repairing old wells or constructing new ones
Social Welfare
rehabilitation of old, disabled and destitute,
provision for better housing, organisation of sports,
promotion of cultural activities etc

14. 1. Critics point out that the CDP has not yielded desirable results
2. multifarious forces of social change are operating in the rural system in unison, it becomes an uphill task
to know the role of each force in bringing about social changes in the villages
3. The spatial aspect of the rural development plan has largely been ignored
4. The concept was broader, ignoring the local needs as per the diversity of the rural India
5. Red Tapping – bad attitude of the bureaucrates
6. in the name of shiamdana and other voluntary services, the poor people of the village air exploited and
made to offer voluntary service to the rich groups in the village
7. Lack of skilled and trained female workers
8. Lack of harmony among various departments of the government
9. Lack of coordination between the bureaucrats and the ruralites
10. Large rural population
11. Lack of Decentralisation
 Further in 1957, Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was setup, then in
 1987- based on Sivaraman Committee report, the Planning Commission issued guidelines to all the State
to consider the block as the unit for planning
 In 1992- 73rd CAA
Criticism

15. 1. ‘Freedom from Hunger Campaign’ , renamed as ‘People’s Action for Development-India (PAD-I),
further in 1986 renamed as ‘Council for Advancement of People’s Action and Rural Technology
(CAPART)’
2. BAIF Development Research Foundation - A Leading NGO Committed to Rural Development -
established by Dr. Manibhai Desai, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi at Urulikanchan, a village near
Pune in 1967
Role of Non-Government
Organisations

16. 1. http://agridr.in/tnauEAgri/eagri50/AEXT191/lec06.pdf
2. http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/india-2/the-community-development-programme-of-india-2405-
words/4866/
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_development_block_in_India
4. www.baif.org.in/doc/.../Community%20Devt%20in%20India.doc
5. Gandhi, M.K. 1941. Constructive Programme : Its meaning and places. Navjeevan Publishing House,
Ahmedabad : 9-20
6. Maheshwari, S.R. 1985. Rural Development in India : A Public Policy Approach. SAGE Publications,
New Delhi : 35-51
7. NIRD. 1999. India Development Report – 1999 : Regional disparities in development and poverty.
National Institute for Rural Development, Hyderabad : 198 pp
8. Thapliyal, B.K. 1995. Decentralised planning in the Panchayati Raj Frame. In ‘Emerging Trends in
Panchayati Raj (Rural local self-government) in India’. NIRD, Hyderabad : 71-102
References

17. Thank you