This project is from a Spring 2012 course at USC focusing on understanding the relationship between policy and elements of the built environment. As a case study, I looked at how incorporating Mumbai, India's cricket stadiums into its water infrastructure plan.
1. the water crisis in Mumbai, India
NETWORK SOLUTIONS
Stephanie Byrd
PPD 644: Shaping the Built Environment
Spring 2012
Professor Vinayak Bharne
2. a city in crisis
RESOURCE STRAIN
Population (Current): 13 Million
Population Growth (2021): 16 Million
Average Water Use Per Day Per PERSON (225 Liters!)
Water Supplied to Mumbai Slums Per Day Per HOUSEHOLD (25 Liters!)
Annual Rainfall
July 26, 2005 Flood
944 mm in ONE DAY
Deaths
1000 people
15,000 cattle
3. infrastructural network
THE NEXT STEP
Goal: Improve the quality of life in the slums of
Mumbai, India by collecting and distributing water
through adaptively reused architectural and
infrastructural components; easing flooding and
bringing water to an underserved community.
5. infrastructure as
LANDMARK
Suburban
With 21 MCA (Mumbai Cricket Association) stadiums Mumbai
throughout the Mumbai, they act as an urban anchor in
Mumbai
the landscape.
During the monsoon season, the structures are abandoned
and susceptible to flooding.
MCA Cricket Stadiums
Mapping Information Source: http://www.mumbaicricket.com/mca/Grounds.asp
7. infrastructure as
NODE
Across the city, unofficial neighborhood cricket fields give Suburban
Mumbai
character to the residential areas.
Mumbai
Located on the outskirts of slums, these fields typically have
roadways encircling them; meaning they are a flooding
hazard to both housing and transit.
Neighborhood Cricket Stadiums
MCA Cricket Stadiums
Mapping Information Source: http://www.maps.google.com
9. infrastructure as
PATH
Suburban
Mumbai
The nullahs of Mumbai are a wasted resource.
Mumbai
Dried riverbeds, during the monsoon seasons the water
levels are uncontrolled and unfiltered, causing waste and
rainwater to flood surrounding areas. Nullahs
Neighborhood Cricket Stadiums
MCA Cricket Stadiums
Mapping Information Source: Envis Centre on Human Settlements School of Planning and Architecture New Dehli
11. infrastructure as
EDGE
Suburban
Mumbai
Each monsoon season, rivers, nullahs, and streets overflow,
with certain areas of Mumbai annually flooding. Mumbai
These areas have the potential to act as pressure points Seasonal Flooding
for an infrastructural system. Nullahs
Neighborhood Cricket Stadiums
MCA Cricket Stadiums
Mapping Information Source: Ranger, et al. An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on flood risk in Mumbai
13. infrastructure as
DISTRICT
The most affected victims of floods are those Suburban
Mumbai
living in the slums.
Mumbai
There is little-to-no government-level disaster or evacuation Densest Slums
plan. Even if there were, there are no solid communications Seasonal Flooding
Nullahs
systems in the slums to aid the residents .
Neighborhood Cricket Stadiums
MCA Cricket Stadiums
Mapping Information Source: http://mumbaiindia.jimdo.com/slums/
14. Problem: Slums are pushed up against the dirty nullahs,
allowing waste to further contaminate them.
Solution: Protect the nullahs with a programmatic barrier infrastructural policy efforts
by banning construction within 15’ of the nullah’s edge.
NULLAH CLEAN-UP
Overcrowding and Flood-Risk Small-Scale Waterfront Development
15. Problem: Even with an annual monsoon, there is a water
shortage in the city of Mumbai.
Solution: Collect water at unused MCA cricket infrastructural policy efforts
stadiums during the monsoon season.
RETROFIT STADIUMS
16. Problem: The city, lacking a clear water distribution system,
has both wasted water and shortages, especially in the slums.
Solution: Connect water from retrofitted stadiums’ infrastructural policy efforts
collections with the cleaned nullahs, and then to slums.
DISTRIBUTION
Additional Personal
Infrastructure Infrastructure
Development Development
Additional
“Nullah” Community
Waterscape Tank System
On-Site Tanks On-Site Tanks
and Filtration and Distribution
17. Problem: Neighborhood cricket stadiums flood during the
monsoons with no benefit for the community.
Solution: Complete the infrastructural network within the slums;
sinking the neighborhood cricket fields and allowing them to infrastructural policy efforts
protect the slums.
LOCAL SUPPLY