Mobieltech

1. Textiles in Transportation
Market Size
– It is about 23% of the total technical textiles market. However, in
India its share is 7 % in technical textiles market.
ar sales
rise
33%
to
touch
new
record
high
Car sales
had
grown
by
38%
to
158,764
Units
in
July. That was
also
a
new
record.
Auto makers sold 160,794 cars in
August compared with 120,681 in the
same month a year earlier, the
Society of Indian Automobile
Manufacturers (SIAM) announced in
New Delhi today (Sept. 9, 2010).

2. Domestic Market
(2010-12)
Rs. Crores
Nylon tyre cord 2,425
Seat belt webbing 22
Air bag 35
Car body covers 17
Seat covers
fabric/Upholstery
868
Automotive interior
carpets
290
Headliners 59
Insulation felts 494
Sunvisors/Sunblinds 154
Helmets 759
Airlines disposable 5
Webbing for aircrafts 5
Aircraft Upholstery 1
TT usage in railway 2
TOTAL 5,145

3. Land – Air/Space - Water
• upholstery, car interior, carpets
• tires, car elements, filters,
• Heat, cable & sound insulation,
• safety systems - airbags, seat belts
• Protective covers for land crafts, boats, aircrafts
• sailcloth, inflatable boats
• Envelopes of balloons
• Special equipment for military vehicles,
MOBILTECH
Some of these textiles are visible while the others are concealed.
Visible components: upholstery, carpets, seat belts, headliners etc.
Concealed components – tyre cords, hoses, belts, airbags, air and fuel filters,
noise and vibration dampening and body panel reinforcement in composites etc.

4. FIBRE COMPOSITION IN
AUTOMOTIVES
0.5
0.4
5.5
2.6
3.5
15.4
0.2
4.2
cotton
jute
polyester
polypropylene
polyethylene
polyamide
viscose
acrylic
Source: David Rigby Associates
APPLICATION
AREAS
FIBRES / PRODUCTS
USED
UPHOLSTERY Polyester, wool, nylon,
acrylic
TYRE CORDS
& FABRICS
Polyester, Nylon, HT *
rayon, steel & aramid
COMPOSITE Glass, carbon, aramid,
HT polyester &
polyethylene
RUBBER REIN-
FORCEMENT
HT polyester, aramid
SEAT BELTS HT polyester
AIRBAGS Nylon - 6,6, nylon - 4,6
CARPETS Nylon, polyester,
polypropylene
Percent share of Various Fibers
in Automotives

5. Textiles in Passenger Cars
GENERAL MOTORS TOYOTA BMW FORD
TATA MOTORS SUZUKI HONDA HYUNDAI
DAEWOO MAHINDRA MOTORS
FIAT
NISSAN MOTORS
PORSCHE VOLVO
FORCE MOTORS HINDUSTAN MOTORS

6. Textile Materials used in
Car Interiors

7. TEXTILES USED IN CARS (Kg)
~20 kg

8. Seat Covers
Selection of fabric:
Apart from the properties such as strength &
comfort properties, the fabric should also have
– Resistance to Sun Light & UV (strength & color fastness)
– Abrasion Resistance
– Reduced Flammability
– Odour free
– Antistatic
– Soil resistance.

9. Composition of seat cover
It is a trilaminate consisting of
face fabric, foam and scrim lining
on the back.
The specifications of the laminate
depend on where the laminate is
used: seat central panel or back
or door panel...
– PET face fabric
– The foam is PE-PU or Polyether-PU;
the latter being more hydrolysis
resistant & is suitable for humid
climates
– Foam density – 26 to 45 Kg/m3
, 2 to
22 mm thick, fire resistant.
– The scrim fabric is warp knitted (nylon
or Polyester), 30-90 g/m2

10. Seat Belts
Multilayer woven narrow fabrics
– Maximum yarn packing for a given
area to have maximum strength
– Twill or Satin
– HT PET yarns (320 ends of 1100 dtex or 260
ends 1670 dtex)
– Softer & flexible along the length for
comfort
– Rigidity along the width to enable it to
slide easily between buckles and
retract smoothly into housings
– Scuff resistant but not unpleasantly
hard edges
– Resistant to microorganisms

11. Performance Standards
(Seat Belts)
– Restrain a passenger weighing 90 Kg involved in
a collision at 50 Km/h into a fixed object
– Minimum straight pull strength 30kN/50mm
– Accelerated ageing
– Finished product – resistance to fastening &
unfastening 10,000 times

12. How airbags work ?
• The design is conceptually simple; a central "Airbag control unit"
(ACU) monitors a number of related sensors within the vehicle:
– accelerometers,
– impact sensors,
– side (door) pressure sensors,
– whell speed sensors,
– gyroscopes,
– brake pressure sensors and
– seat occupancy sensors.
When the requisite 'threshold' has been reached or exceeded, the airbag
control unit will trigger the ignition of a gas generator propellant to rapidly
inflate a nylon fabric bag.
As the vehicle occupant collides with and squeezes the bag, the gas
escapes in a controlled manner through small vent holes.
The airbag's volume and the size of the vents in the bag are tailored to each
vehicle type, to spread out the deceleration of (and thus force experienced
by) the occupant over time and over the occupant's body, compared to a
seat belt alone.

13. Working of Airbag

14. Airbag
(As a supplemental restraint)
Frontal airbag
The auto industry and research and regulatory communities
have moved away from their initial view of the airbag as a
seat belt replacement. The airbags are now designated as
Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) or Supplemental
Inflatable Restraints.

15. Fabrics for Airbag
• The fabric from which the air bag is made must
withstand the force of the propellant chemicals. More
importantly, the hot gases must not penetrate the fabric
and burn the skin of the car occupant.
• The earlier airbags were Neoprene coated Nylon 6,6 but
lighter and thinner silicon coated versions soon followed.
Latter, uncoated fabrics have appeared.
• Airbags vary in size and configuration
– driver side airbags: from 35 lit capacity upwards
– for front passengers: form about 65 lit capacity upwards

16. Fabrics for Airbag
– High bursting Strength
– Fire retardance
– Light weight,
– Compact-folding ability,
– Low cost.
– Reduced skin abrasion (softness)
– High tear propagation Resistance
– High anti slip properties to the seam
– Resistance against Ageing
– Defined Dimension stability

17. Airbag
(Fabric Quality Requirements)
• HT multi filament nylon 6,6 – 210, 420 and 840 denier
• High tear strength, high anti seam slippage, controlled
air permeability (about 10L/m2
/min) and be capable of
being folded up into a confined space for over 10 years
without deterioration.
• Some tests require 75% property retention after 4000
hrs at 90-1200
C, the equivalent of 10 yrs. UV exposure
and also cold cracking resistance down to -400
C.
• Recently, Nylon 4,6 (Akzo) with melting point of 2850
C
has been introduced especially for airbags.