congenital abnormalities

1. FETAL CONGENITAL
ABNORMALITIES 2013
Mendi General Hospital
Papua New Guinea
FETAL CONGENITAL
ABNORMALITIES 2013
Mendi General Hospital
Papua New Guinea
Some of the Congenital abnormalities delivered @ our Birthing Units
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2. Congenital disorder
• A congenital disorder, or congenital disease, is a condition existing at
birth and often before birth, or that develops during the first month of life
(neonatal disease), regardless of causation. Of these diseases, those
characterized by structural deformities are termed "congenital anomalies"
and involve defects in or damage to a developing fetus.
• A congenital disorder may be the result of genetic abnormalities, the
intrauterine (uterus) environment, errors of morphogenesis, infection, or
a chromosomal abnormality. The outcome of the disorder will depend on
complex interactions between the pre-natal deficit and the post-natal
environment.Animal studies indicate that the mother's (and possibly
but less probably the father's) diet, vitamin intake, and glucose levels
prior to ovulation and conception have long-term effects on fetal
growth and adolescent and adult disease. Congenital disorders vary
widely in causation and abnormalities. Any substance that causes
birth defects is known as a teratogen. Some disorders can be
detected before birth through prenatal diagnosis (screening).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_disorder

3. Hydrocephalus-congenital anomalies of the nervous system
Hydrocephalus - known as "water on the brain", is a medical condition in which there
is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles, or
cavities, of the brain. This may cause increased intracranial pressure inside the skull
and progressive enlargement of the head, convulsion, tunnel vision, and mental
disability.-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocephalus
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4. Spina bifida-Congenital anomalies of the nervous system
Spina bifida: is a developmental congenital disorder caused by the incomplete
closing of the embryonic neural tube. Some vertebrae overlying the spinal cord are
not fully formed and remain unfused and open. If the opening is large enough, this
allows a portion of the spinal cord to protrude through the opening in the bones.
There may or may not be a fluid-filled sac surrounding the spinal cord
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Anencephaly- congenital nomalies of the nervous system
Anencephaly is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that
occurs during embryonic development.[1] It is a cephalic disorder that results from a
neural tube defect that occurs when the rostral (head) end of the neural tube fails to
close, usually between the 23rd and 26th days of conception.

6. Omphalocele- Abdominal wall defect
An omphalocele- is a type of abdominal wall defect in which the intestines, liver, and
occasionally other organs remain outside of the abdomen in a sac because of a defect in
the development of the muscles of the abdominal wall (exomphalos)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omphalocele.
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7. Gastroschisis- Abdominal wall defect
Gastroschisis- a congenital defect characterized by a defect in the anterior abdominal wall
through which the abdominal contents freely protrude. There is no overlying sac and the size
of the defect is usually less than 4 cm. The abdominal wall defect is located at the junction of
the umbilicus and normal skin, and is almost always to the right of the umbilicus. The defect
occurs 5-8 weeks after conception, most likely due to a disruption of the blood supply to the
developing abdominal wall. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroschisis
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