A ppt on Facebook's Connectivity project using Drones and satellites which use Lasers

1. Connecting the World from the Sky
A FACEBOOK’S CONNECTIVITY PROJECT
Seminar By
R. Teja
1210312248
4/4 B. Tech, B2

2. About the Project
 What is this project about
 Why is this project
 Different technologies used

3. Overview
 70-80 % under 2G or 3G
 Remaining 10-20 % doesn’t have
any access to Internet
 Different types of strategies
should be followed for different
type of densities

4. Strategies
 Dense Urban areas
 Radio Mast or Wi-Fi
 Medium density areas
 Drones or Planes
 Low density areas
 Leo or Geo Satellites

5. Challenges created by Optics
 If we go to higher altitudes
 Connectivity increases linearly
 Signal strength decreases
exponentially
 x1 higher altitude =
 x1 wider
 x1 weaker
 x4 higher altitude =
 x4 wider
 x16 weaker

6. Free Space Optics (FSO)
 FSO uses lasers to transmit
data through space
 Increases speed and bandwidth
 Can give speeds equal to optical
fibers and consume less power to
produce than microwaves
 Needs high accuracy and can be
distracted by bad whether
Facebook testing FSO in Facebook Connectivity Lab

7. Drones
 Drones at high altitudes like
65,000 feet are ideal
 At this height it won’t be a
problem in airspace and
atmosphere is quite stable here
 Capable of covering a small sized
town or city
 Can work properly for a year
 Unlike Google’s Project Loon where it
uses Balloons these can be tracked and
repaired after using Facebook’s “Aquila” solar-powered Drone

8. Satellites
 Drones are politically
impractical in some areas
 Here satellites can be used
 Relatively cheaper to beam Laser
on to a entire continent
 Easier to provide Internet
 Two types:
 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and
 Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) Facebook’s Satellite artistic view covering Africa

9. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellites
 LEO Satellites stay at altitudes of 160 – 2,000 KMs
 Simplest and easiest orbit to reach
 Cheaper and Easier to launch a satellite and maintain it
 But only small area is covered like less than 100 people per sq. km
 This orbit doesn’t move w.r.t Earth’s atmosphere
 So entire fleet of satellites are necessary to provide reliable
connection

10. Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) Satellites
 GEO Satellites stay at altitudes of 65,786 KMs
 Earth’s atmosphere is stable here
 A satellite at this orbit can point to a place on Earth indefinitely
 Can cover an entire continent
 But signal strength weeks exponentially
 If combined with “Free Space Optics (FSO)” strength will increase
 FSOs can not be implemented on LEO satellites due to their
irregular movements

11. Advantages
 Connectivity increases around the world
 Cheaper Internet is possible
 Speed increases
 Security is increased
 Competition between Google’s “Project Loon” and Facebook’s
“Drones and Satellites” will bring out efficient, cheaper and easier
ways to connect world

12. Disadvantages
 This project is associated with “Internet.org” also known as
“Free Basics”
 India court recently banned “Free Basics” programs as it violates
“Net Neutrality”

13. Conclusion
 Facebook already hired many leading experts from NASA’s Jet
Propulsion Laboratory and other space research organizations
 They are researching on drones, satellites, free space optics and
other related work
 In future, we may see world which is “connected from the sky”
 Experimental results shows that these Drones and Satellites can be
used for practical purpose and can replace traditional optical fiber
and other methods

14. Thank You
Facebook’s “AMOS-6” Satellite to connect Africa